Abstract A cyclone occurred off the southern Brazilian coast between 30/06/2020 and 01/07/2020, moving eastwards from land towards offshore. The system was registered in numerical models and in-situ observations (buoy and ship) from the day it started until dissipated. The goal of this work is to use the data collected during this extreme environmental condition in a statistical comparison with the atmospheric operational model Global Forecast System (GFS) and a local implementation of the WAVEWATCH III (WW3) wave model, which used the GFS as one of the inputs, to understand the limitations of these models. Initially, the results showed that the system near the southern Brazilian coast was a strong explosive cyclone according to the Sanders and Gyakum (1980) classification. We found that the GFS and WW3 models exhibited greater errors when compared with the buoy data during the 48 h period of explosive weather conditions, while for the GFS model, the greatest errors around the ship occurred after that period. The WW3 errors may be explained by the difference between the buoy and WW3 gridpoint depth and the GFS errors at this location. 30062020 30 06 2020 30/06/202 01072020 01 07 01/07/2020 offshore insitu situ dissipated (GFS WW (WW3 inputs Initially 1980 (1980 classification 4 conditions location 3006202 3 0 202 30/06/20 0107202 01/07/202 (WW 198 (198 300620 20 30/06/2 010720 01/07/20 19 (19 30062 2 30/06/ 01072 01/07/2 1 (1 3006 30/06 0107 01/07/ ( 300 30/0 010 01/07 30/ 01/0 01/

Resumo Ocorreu um ciclone na costa sul do Brasil entre 30/06/2020 e 01/07/2020, movendo-se do continente em direção ao mar. O sistema foi registrado em modelos numéricos e observações in-situ (boia e navio) desde o dia em que se formou até se dissipar. O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar os dados coletados durante essa condição ambiental extrema em uma comparação estatística com o modelo atmosférico operacional Global Forecast System (GFS) e uma implementação local do modelo de ondas WAVEWATCH III (WW3), que utiliza o GFS como um dos inputs, para entender as limitações desses modelos. Inicialmente, os resultados mostraram que o sistema próximo à costa sul do Brasil era um ciclone explosivo forte de acordo com a classificação de Sanders e Gyakum (1980). Descobrimos que os modelos GFS e WW3 apresentaram maiores erros em comparação com os dados da boia durante o período de 48 horas de condições meteorológicas explosivas, enquanto para o modelo GFS, os maiores erros ao redor do navio ocorreram após esse período. Os erros do WW3 podem ser explicados pela diferença entre a profundidade da boia e o ponto da grade do WW3, e os erros do GFS nessa localização. 30062020 30 06 2020 30/06/202 01072020 01 07 01/07/2020 movendose movendo mar insitu in situ dissipar (GFS WW , (WW3) inputs Inicialmente 1980. 1980 . (1980) 4 explosivas localização 3006202 3 0 202 30/06/20 0107202 01/07/202 (WW3 198 (1980 300620 20 30/06/2 010720 01/07/20 (WW 19 (198 30062 2 30/06/ 01072 01/07/2 1 (19 3006 30/06 0107 01/07/ (1 300 30/0 010 01/07 ( 30/ 01/0 01/

ABSTRACT Objective To detect and treat cases of viral hepatitis B, C and D in patients seen at the Native American Outpatient Clinic of Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Methods This sample comprised 81 indigenous recruited between 2018 and 2020. Volunteers were aged 7 months to 70 years (mean age of 28±20 years), belonged to 26 ethnic groups spanning the Brazilian territory and answered a questionnaire, which was attached to their medical records. Peripheral blood samples (20mL) were collected, transported to the Clinical Laboratory of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, processed, and tested for markers of viral hepatitis B, C and D. Results In this study, 39 (48.1%) individuals were anti-HBs (+) only, 13 (16.0%) individuals were anti-HBs (+) and anti-HBc (+), and 28 (34.6%) individuals were negative for all markers. No anti-HBc IgM+ samples were found. No cases of hepatitis C and D were found. Conclusion This analysis provided evidence of previous infection by the hepatitis B virus. These findings led to prescription of vaccination against hepatitis B to all participants who were negative for all viral hepatitis B markers, given records of prior hepatitis B vaccination were unreliable.

Abstract Introduction The social distancing (SD) adopted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has transformed the internet from a convenience into a necessity. The behavioral changes caused by isolation range from adaptation of consumption, work, and teaching routines to altered leisure options to occupy idle time at home. Such transformations can be positive, expanding use of digital technologies (DT), but they can also have serious future physical and emotional consequences if there conscious use of technological devices is lacking. Objectives The study aimed to validate the Behavioral Changes Scale on the Use of Digital Technologies During Social Distancing (BCSDTSD), an instrument for assessing behavioral changes related to use of DT during SD. Method Validation of the BCSDTSD in five phases: 1. construction of an initial scale with 10 questions; 2. evaluation of the questions by a panel of experts; 3. application to 1,012 volunteers via the internet; 4. statistical analysis of the results; and 5. preparation of the validated final version of the BCSDTSD. Data were analyzed using the dplyr, psy , and paran packages and the REdaS statistical program. Three statistical criteria were used in the factor analysis (FA). Results FA confirmed that all 10 questions in the questionnaire should be maintained, confirming its robust construction, and Cronbach’s alpha demonstrated its internal consistency with a value of 0.725, which is satisfactory for first-application questionnaires. Conclusion The BCSDTSD instrument was validated for assessment of behavioral changes related to the use of DT during SD.

RESUMO: Objetivos: Verificar a concordância entre autoimagem corporal (escala de silhuetas de Stunkard et al.) e estado nutricional e avaliar a satisfação corporal em indígenas khisêdjê do Parque Indígena do Xingu. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 131 indígenas khisêdjê, com 20 anos ou mais. Coletaram-se dados sobre imagem corporal, índice de massa corporal e perímetro da cintura. Foram utilizados a estatística kappa, o teste χ2 (p < 0,05), as razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas e o teste t de Student. Resultados: As prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade foram, respectivamente, 42 e 5,3%. A porcentagem de satisfação com o perfil corporal foi de 61,8%, sem diferença entre os sexos. Houve boa concordância entre autoimagem real e autoimagem ideal (p < 0,001), porém baixa concordância entre a autoimagem real e ideal e o estado nutricional para ambos os sexos. Maior prevalência de insatisfação corporal por excesso de peso foi detectada entre indivíduos com obesidade central e excesso de peso. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a autoimagem corporal avaliada por meio da escala de silhuetas de Stunkard et al. tem pouca aplicabilidade como indicador do estado nutricional de indígenas khisêdjê do Parque Indígena do Xingu.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To determine the agreement between body self-image (based on the Stunkard figure rating scale) and nutritional status and to evaluate body satisfaction among the Khisêdjê indigenous people of Parque Indígena do Xingu (Xingu Indigenous Park). Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 131 natives aged 20 and older. Data on body image, body mass index and waist circumference were collected. Kappa statistics, χ2 (p < 0.05), crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and Student’s t-test were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was respectively 42 and 5.3%. The percentage of satisfaction with body profile was 61.8% with no difference between the sexes. There was good agreement between actual and ideal self-image (p < 0.001), but poor agreement between actual and ideal self-image with nutritional status for both sexes. A higher prevalence of body dissatisfaction due to overweight was detected in individuals with central obesity and overweight. Conclusion: The results suggest that body self-image evaluated by the Stunkard silhouette scale has little applicability as an indicator of nutritional status among the indigenous Khisêdjê of Xingu Indigenous Park.

RESUMO: Objetivos: Verificar a concordância entre autoimagem corporal (escala de silhuetas de Stunkard et al.) e estado nutricional e avaliar a satisfação corporal em indígenas khisêdjê do Parque Indígena do Xingu. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 131 indígenas khisêdjê, com 20 anos ou mais. Coletaram-se dados sobre imagem corporal, índice de massa corporal e perímetro da cintura. Foram utilizados a estatística kappa, o teste χ2 (p < 0,05), as razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas e o teste t de Student. Resultados: As prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade foram, respectivamente, 42 e 5,3%. A porcentagem de satisfação com o perfil corporal foi de 61,8%, sem diferença entre os sexos. Houve boa concordância entre autoimagem real e autoimagem ideal (p < 0,001), porém baixa concordância entre a autoimagem real e ideal e o estado nutricional para ambos os sexos. Maior prevalência de insatisfação corporal por excesso de peso foi detectada entre indivíduos com obesidade central e excesso de peso. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a autoimagem corporal avaliada por meio da escala de silhuetas de Stunkard et al. tem pouca aplicabilidade como indicador do estado nutricional de indígenas khisêdjê do Parque Indígena do Xingu.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To determine the agreement between body self-image (based on the Stunkard figure rating scale) and nutritional status and to evaluate body satisfaction among the Khisêdjê indigenous people of Parque Indígena do Xingu (Xingu Indigenous Park). Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 131 natives aged 20 and older. Data on body image, body mass index and waist circumference were collected. Kappa statistics, χ2 (p < 0.05), crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and Student’s t-test were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was respectively 42 and 5.3%. The percentage of satisfaction with body profile was 61.8% with no difference between the sexes. There was good agreement between actual and ideal self-image (p < 0.001), but poor agreement between actual and ideal self-image with nutritional status for both sexes. A higher prevalence of body dissatisfaction due to overweight was detected in individuals with central obesity and overweight. Conclusion: The results suggest that body self-image evaluated by the Stunkard silhouette scale has little applicability as an indicator of nutritional status among the indigenous Khisêdjê of Xingu Indigenous Park.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir a vulnerabilidade de povos indígenas em isolamento voluntário a epidemias decorrentes do contato com representantes de nossa sociedade e apontar os desafios para a assistência à saúde nas situações de contato iminente. A partir da experiência dos autores na atenção à saúde de comunidades indígenas isoladas e de contato recente e de informações existentes na literatura indigenista, são apresentados exemplos da alta mortalidade que incidiu sobre alguns povos indígenas em períodos posteriores à quebra de seu estado de isolamento. O artigo atualiza as informações existentes sobre povos indígenas isolados no Brasil, discute a política indigenista e as ameaças a que estão submetidos esses povos pelo avanço da invasão ilegal de seus territórios e alerta para a possibilidade de novos contatos entre esses grupos e a sociedade circundante no contexto atual de ataque aos direitos indígenas agravados pela epidemia de covid-19. Contextualizam-se a suscetibilidade dos povos indígenas isolados, a necessidade de preparação para futuras situações de contato e medidas para evitar o contágio quando ocorrer a quebra do estado de isolamento desses povos.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the vulnerability of indigenous people in voluntary isolation due to epidemics resulting from contact with representatives of our society and to point out the challenges for health care in situations of imminent contact. Based on the authors’ experience in the health care of isolated and recently contacted indigenous communities and on information in the indigenous literature, examples of the high mortality that affected some indigenous peoples in periods after break of their isolation state are presented. The article updates the existing information on isolated indigenous peoples in Brazil, discusses the indigenous policy formulated for them, the threats to which they are subjected by the advance of the illegal invasion of their territories and alerts to the possibility of new contacts of these groups and the surrounding society, in current context of attack on indigenous rights aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. It contextualizes the susceptibility of isolated indigenous peoples, the need to be ready for future situations of contact and measures to avoid contagion when the isolation of these peoples is interrupted.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir a vulnerabilidade de povos indígenas em isolamento voluntário a epidemias decorrentes do contato com representantes de nossa sociedade e apontar os desafios para a assistência à saúde nas situações de contato iminente. A partir da experiência dos autores na atenção à saúde de comunidades indígenas isoladas e de contato recente e de informações existentes na literatura indigenista, são apresentados exemplos da alta mortalidade que incidiu sobre alguns povos indígenas em períodos posteriores à quebra de seu estado de isolamento. O artigo atualiza as informações existentes sobre povos indígenas isolados no Brasil, discute a política indigenista e as ameaças a que estão submetidos esses povos pelo avanço da invasão ilegal de seus territórios e alerta para a possibilidade de novos contatos entre esses grupos e a sociedade circundante no contexto atual de ataque aos direitos indígenas agravados pela epidemia de covid-19. Contextualizam-se a suscetibilidade dos povos indígenas isolados, a necessidade de preparação para futuras situações de contato e medidas para evitar o contágio quando ocorrer a quebra do estado de isolamento desses povos.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the vulnerability of indigenous people in voluntary isolation due to epidemics resulting from contact with representatives of our society and to point out the challenges for health care in situations of imminent contact. Based on the authors’ experience in the health care of isolated and recently contacted indigenous communities and on information in the indigenous literature, examples of the high mortality that affected some indigenous peoples in periods after break of their isolation state are presented. The article updates the existing information on isolated indigenous peoples in Brazil, discusses the indigenous policy formulated for them, the threats to which they are subjected by the advance of the illegal invasion of their territories and alerts to the possibility of new contacts of these groups and the surrounding society, in current context of attack on indigenous rights aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. It contextualizes the susceptibility of isolated indigenous peoples, the need to be ready for future situations of contact and measures to avoid contagion when the isolation of these peoples is interrupted.

Resumo Este artigo analisa o impacto do Programa Trabalhando com Parteiras Tradicionais no cotidiano de um grupo de mulheres indígenas Krahô. Trata-se de um estudo etnográfico que utilizou a observação e o diário de campo como suportes principais, além de entrevistas pontuais e dados secundários. O trabalho de campo ocorreu entre agosto de 2015 e dezembro de 2016 e envolveu dez mulheres de oito aldeias diferentes. Os resultados apontam uma desconexão entre o objetivo principal do Programa, centrado na valorização e no resgate do saber da parteira, e a realidade no cotidiano das aldeias. Muito embora o programa tenha como público-alvo mulheres que já atuam empiricamente no cenário do parto, houve o entendimento de que as mulheres “tornaram-se parteiras” após o curso. Por consequência, a falta de pagamento e a expectativa frustrada de contratação por parte do “governo”, embora não previstas, foram interpretadas como descaso. Os resultados indicam um viés etnocentrado do Programa, focado na difusão do saber científico e na entrega de materiais fora da lógica de cuidado do grupo em análise. Estudos que avaliem o impacto das ações do Programa em outros contextos, inclusive não indígenas, podem contribuir para os ajustes necessários e a efetiva valorização do trabalho dessas mulheres.

Abstract This paper analyses the impact of the Working with Traditional Midwives Program on the daily routine of a Krahô indigenous women group. This is an ethnographic study that mainly used observation and field diary as supporting tools. Other tools were timely interviews and secondary data. Fieldwork occurred between August 2015 and December 2016 and involved ten women of eight different villages. Results point to a disassociation between the Program’s main objective, which is focused on appreciating and reviving midwives’ knowledge and the daily village reality. Although the Program has targeted women who already work empirically on the birth setting, there was a generalized acknowledgement in villages that women “became midwives” after taking the course. Consequently, the lack of payment and the frustrated expectation that “government” would hire them, though never assumed, were interpreted as neglect. Results reveal an ethnocentric bias of the Program, focused on disseminating scientific knowledge and delivering materials that deviate from the logic of the group under analysis. Studies that evaluate the impact of the Programs’ actions in other contexts, including non-indigenous ones, may contribute to the necessary adjustments and the effective appreciation of these women’s work.

Resumo Este artigo analisa o impacto do Programa Trabalhando com Parteiras Tradicionais no cotidiano de um grupo de mulheres indígenas Krahô. Trata-se de um estudo etnográfico que utilizou a observação e o diário de campo como suportes principais, além de entrevistas pontuais e dados secundários. O trabalho de campo ocorreu entre agosto de 2015 e dezembro de 2016 e envolveu dez mulheres de oito aldeias diferentes. Os resultados apontam uma desconexão entre o objetivo principal do Programa, centrado na valorização e no resgate do saber da parteira, e a realidade no cotidiano das aldeias. Muito embora o programa tenha como público-alvo mulheres que já atuam empiricamente no cenário do parto, houve o entendimento de que as mulheres “tornaram-se parteiras” após o curso. Por consequência, a falta de pagamento e a expectativa frustrada de contratação por parte do “governo”, embora não previstas, foram interpretadas como descaso. Os resultados indicam um viés etnocentrado do Programa, focado na difusão do saber científico e na entrega de materiais fora da lógica de cuidado do grupo em análise. Estudos que avaliem o impacto das ações do Programa em outros contextos, inclusive não indígenas, podem contribuir para os ajustes necessários e a efetiva valorização do trabalho dessas mulheres.

Abstract This paper analyses the impact of the Working with Traditional Midwives Program on the daily routine of a Krahô indigenous women group. This is an ethnographic study that mainly used observation and field diary as supporting tools. Other tools were timely interviews and secondary data. Fieldwork occurred between August 2015 and December 2016 and involved ten women of eight different villages. Results point to a disassociation between the Program’s main objective, which is focused on appreciating and reviving midwives’ knowledge and the daily village reality. Although the Program has targeted women who already work empirically on the birth setting, there was a generalized acknowledgement in villages that women “became midwives” after taking the course. Consequently, the lack of payment and the frustrated expectation that “government” would hire them, though never assumed, were interpreted as neglect. Results reveal an ethnocentric bias of the Program, focused on disseminating scientific knowledge and delivering materials that deviate from the logic of the group under analysis. Studies that evaluate the impact of the Programs’ actions in other contexts, including non-indigenous ones, may contribute to the necessary adjustments and the effective appreciation of these women’s work.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The daily coexistence with the technologies (computer, mobile phone, tablet, among others), begins to produce significant changes in human behavior. We have observed that there is an association between dependence on technologies and major depressive disorder, as well as with other mental disorders. OBJECTIVE: To validate a scale for assessing depression and its relation to dependence on everyday technologies. METHODS: Validation of a Technology Dependent Depression Scale (TDDS) was performed in 5 phases: (1) initial scale construction with 20 questions; (2) expert evaluation; (3) application to 100 volunteers, (4) statistical analysis and results, (5) preparation of the final version of the validated TDDS. RESULTS: We used the R statistical program, version 3.4.2 and the “dplyr” package to present descriptive statistics, hypotheses tests of mean differences and factorial analysis. The results provided a validated and approved final version for TDDS. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed the final version of the validated TDDS, which is adequate for clinical contexts and to be used in future research. All the psychometric properties were checked for accuracy, reliability, presentation, clarity, pertinence and comprehension of the instrument conferring validity to the end-product.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Daily, prolonged interactivity of individuals with technologies (computer, cell phone, tablet, among others) impacts life and significantly changes habits, behaviors, personal and social relationships. Technologies lead to a multitude of advantages, but attention is required concerning possible damages. OBJECTIVE: Validation of a scale to evaluate the abuse use of technologies (TAUS). METHOD: TAUS validation was carried out in 5 phases: (1) initial scale construction with 20 questions, (2) expert evaluation, (3) application to 200 volunteers, (4) statistical analysis and results, (5) preparation of the final version of the validated TAUS. We used the R statistical program and the “dplyr” package version 3.4.2 to present descriptive statistics, to test hypotheses of means differences and for factorial analysis. Factor analysis was used for the orthogonal model. The method used was Principal Components based on Spearman’s correlation matrix. RESULTS: The results provided a final, validated version of a TAUS suitable for clinical and research contexts. The last step of the study was to calculate Cronbach’s alpha, in order to measure the internal consistency of the scale. The value found was 0.910, which is considered good. CONCLUSIONS: This Technology Abuse Scale may contribute to future studies, to the conscious use of technologies, to a reduction of physical and emotional damage and to an improvement of the subjects’ quality of life.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Digital game or video game disorders have been recently (June 2018) included in ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The disorder can occur with or without an internet connection. OBJECTIVE: Validation of a scale to evaluate the dependence of pathological digital game (PDGD). METHOD: Validation of the PDGD was performed in 5 phases: (1) initial scale construction with 20 questions, (2) expert assessment, (3) application to 200 volunteers, (4) statistical analysis and production of results using statistical programs, (5) elaboration of the final validated scale. RESULTS: We used the R statistical program Version 3.4.2 and the “dplyr” package to present the descriptive statistics, the hypotheses tests of differences of means and the factorial analysis. The last step was to calculate Cronbach’s alpha, in order to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The value found was 0.955, which is very good. CONCLUSIONS: This research allowed us to construct a final version of the PDGD suitable for the clinical contexts and usable in research on the dependence of digital games. This scale may contribute to future studies, conscious use of technologies, reduction of physical and emotional damage and improvement of the quality of life.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND INFORMATION: One of the most popular social networks is WhatsApp. Abusive use of this tool has produced significant changes in behavioral and social behaviors and habits of individuals. Therefore, research is needed to allow us to specifically evaluate the interaction of WhatsApp with the daily lives of individuals. OBJECTIVE: Production and validation of a scale to evaluate WhatsApp dependence (WADS). METHODS: Validation performed in 5 phases: 1- initial scale construction with 20 questions, 2- expert evaluation, 3- application in volunteers, 4- statistical analysis and results, and 5- elaboration of the final version of the validated WADS. RESULTS: We obtained a descriptive statistical analysis, a clear-cut separation of dependents vs. non-dependents and a successful factorial analysis. These results provided a validated version of WADS. CONCLUSIONS: We were able to construct a final version of WADS adequate to clinical contexts and to be used in future research to evaluate dependence of this digital tool. WADS will contribute to the conscious use of WhatsApp, hopefully reducing harmful effects and improving quality of life.