RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição química e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio, EMAn, de alguns alimentos para frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 432 pintos de corte macho, de 14 a 24 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos (11 alimentos e uma dieta referência), seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. A metodologia utilizada foi da coleta total de excretas. Foram objetos de estudo: Duas farinhas de vísceras (FV), duas farinhas de penas e sangue (FPS), duas farinhas de carnes e ossos (FCO), soja integral tostada (SIT), farelo de soja (FS), quirera de milho (QM), farelo de trigo (FT) e milheto (M). Os valores de proteína bruta e extrato etéreo (%), EMA e EMAn (kcal/kg) foram, respectivamente: 58,84; 12,64; 3705 e 3340 para a FV 1; 57,64; 11,66; 3565 e 3241 para a FV 2; 80,58; 6,79; 3070 e 2740 para a FPS 1; 82,27; 6,38; 3060 e 2703 para a FPS 2; 48,06; 9,60; 1574 e 1283 para a FCO 1; 41,21; 9,08; 1353 e 1088 para a FCO 2; 36,45; 20,78; 3192 e 2989 para a SIT; 46,22; 1,72; 2648 e 2336 para o FS; 8,51; 3,61; 3354 e 3265 para a QM; 17,11; 3,14; 1948 e 1788 para o FT e 12,01; 4,09; 3072 e 2948 para o M. As diferenças observadas na composição química e energética evidenciam a necessidade de pesquisas para atualizar os valores nutricionais dos alimentos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition and values for apparent metabolisable energy (AME), and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn), in broiler feeds. In the experiment, 432 male broiler chicks, 14 to 24 days old were used, distributed in a completely randomised design with 12 treatments (11 feeds and a reference diet), six replications and six birds per experimental unit. The method employed was the total collection of excreta. The feeds under study were: Two of viscera meal (VM), two feather and blood meal (FBM), two meat and bone meal (MBM), roasted whole soybean (RWS), soybean meal (SM), ground corn (GC), wheat bran (WB) and millet (M). The values for crude protein and ether extract (%), AME and AMEn (kcal/kg) were respectively: 58.84, 12.64, 3705 and 3340 for VM1; 57.64, 11.66, 3565 and 3241 for VM 2; 80.58, 6.79, 3070 2740 for FBM 1; 82.27, 6.38, 3060 2703 for FBM 2; 48.06, 9.60, 1574 and 1283 for MBM 1; 41.21, 9.08, 1353 and 1088 for MBM 2; 36.45, 20.78, 3192 and 2989 for RWS; 46.22, 1.72, 2648 and 2336 for SM; 8.51, 3.61, 3354 and 3265 for GC; 17.11, 3.14, 1948 and 1788 and for WB; and 12.01, 4.09, 3072 and 2948 for M. The differences found in chemical and energy composition highlight the need for research to revise the nutritional values of feed.

Two-hundred sixteen white laying hens were used to assess the ideal ratio of digestible threonine:lysine in diets for laying hens at 24 to 40 weeks of age. Birds were assigned to a randomized block design, with six treatments, six replicates per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The cage was used as the blocking criterion. Experimental diets contained different digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratios (65, 70, 75, 80, 85 and 90%) with 142 g/kg of crude protein. Experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with different contents of L-glutamic acid. Feed intake (g/hen/d), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g/hen/d), feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen and kg/kg egg), eggshell weight (g), albumen weight (g), yolk weight (g) and body weight gain (g) were assessed. The maximum egg production was observed at 78% digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratio, while the best values of feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen egg) and feed conversion ratio (kg/kg of egg) were observed at 77.6% and 75%, respectively. Feed intake, egg mass and egg contents (yolk, albumen and eggshell) were not affected by treatments. The estimated digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratio of Hy-Line W36 laying hens at 24 to 40 weeks of age is 78%, corresponding to 5.70 g/kg of dietary digestible threonine.

Two hundred fifty-two Hy-Line W36 laying hens were allotted in a randomized block design with 6 treatments, 7 replicates and 6 hens per experimental unit in order to determine the ideal digestible isoleucine: digestible lysine (Ile:Lys) ratio for laying hens aged 24-40 weeks. Experimental diets contained 5.92, 6.33, 6.73, 7.14, 7.54 and 7.95 g/kg of digestible isoleucine, resulting in different Ile:Lys ratios (0.73:1, 0.78:1, 0.83:1, 0.88:1, 0.93:1 and 0.98:1). Experimental diets were isonitrogenous, with different dietary contents of glutamic acid, and made isocaloric by adjusting the levels of cornstarch. All essential amino acids were provided proportionally to digestible lysine. Feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio per egg mass, feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs, albumen, yolk and eggshell content were assessed. Feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio were influenced by Ile: Lys ratios quadratically. The egg weight was not affected by Ile: Lys ratio. No differences were observed in the egg quality according to Ile: Lys ratios. The data indicates that the optimum digestible isoleucine: digestible lysine ratio for laying hens aged 24-40 week is 0.84:1, corresponding to the consumption of 681 mg of isoleucine and 811 mg of lysine/hen day-1.

Four trials were conducted to determine the requirements of available phosphorus (aP) of female broiler chicks from 1 to 10 (exp.1), 11 to 21 (exp.2), 22 to 33 (exp.3), and from 34 to 46 (exp.4) days of age, keeping the calcium:available phosphorus ratio equal to 2:1. In each trial, 480 Cobb broilers were randomly allotted in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 8 replicates and 10 birds per pen. The levels of aP ranged from 2.0 to 5.5 g/kg (Exp. 1), 1.9 to 5.4g/kg (exp. 2), 1.8 to 5.3 g/kg (exp. 3) and 1.7 to 5.2 g/kg of diet (exp. 4), in increments of 0.7 g/kg. The experimental diets were formulated using corn and soybean meal and the available phosphorus was considered 33% of total phosphorus. The characteristics evaluated were body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and bone parameters. For female broiler chicks from 1 to 10; 11 to 21; 22 to 33; and from 34 to 46 days of age, the levels of available phosphorus and calcium recommended are 4.59 and 9.18; 3.88 and 7.76; 3.58 and 7.16; and 2.56 and 5.12 g/kg of diet, respectively.

Four experiments were conducted to study the requirements of available phosphorus (aP) for commercial male broilers of 1-10 day of age (exp.1), 11-21 days of age (exp. 2), 22-33 day of age (exp. 3) and 34-46 days of age (exp. 4), at a constant calcium:aP ratio. A complete randomized design was used in each experiment. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum to 8 replicate groups of ten broilers in each. The increments in the levels of aP ranged from 2.0 to 5.5 g/kg (exp. 1), 1.9 to 5.4 g/kg (exp. 2), 1.8 to 5.3 g/kg (exp. 3) and 1.7 to 5.2 g/kg (exp. 4), in 0.7 g/kg. The parameters evaluated were body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and bone parameters. The level of aP in the diet influenced the performance of broilers of 1-10 and 11-21 days of age, but did not affect the performance of broilers at 22-33 and 34-46 days of age. Feed intake was not affected. The requirements of aP and Ca for male broilers from 1-10, 11-21, 22-33 and 34-46 days of age are 4.82 and 9.64 g/kg, 4.10 and 8.20 g/kg, 3.95 and 7.90 g/kg and 3.19 g.kg and 6.38 g/kg, respectively. The results indicate that low levels aP were required because the requirements of the mineral reduced as birds aged. Provided there is no excess of dietary levels of Ca, using a Ca:aP ratio of 2:1 may reduce the dietary levels of aP.

The objective of this study was to determine the ideal digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio in diets for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks of age. Two hundred and forty Hy-Line W-36 laying hens at 24 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, eight replicates and six birds per experimental unit. The digestible tryptophan levels in the experimental diets were 1.57; 1.68; 1.79; 1.90 and 2.01 g/kg, providing ratios of digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine of 0.215; 0.230; 0.245; 0.260 and 0.275. The increase in the levels of digestible tryptophan in the diet linearly improved the feed intake, digestible tryptophan intake, digestible lysine intake, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass and utilization efficiency of digestible lysine for eggs mass. There were quadratic effects from the digestible tryptophan levels on egg weight. For the efficiency of utilization of digestible lysine for egg mass, there was better adjustment of the data to the LRP model. The level of digestible tryptophan in the diet from which the plateau occurred was 0.184%. This level corresponded to the intake of 142 mg/bird/day of digestible tryptophan and digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio of 0.252. The ideal digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio recommended in diets for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks of age is 0.252 (25.2%).

Two hundred and fifty-two Hy-Line W36 laying hens were allotted in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 7 replicates and 6 hens per experimental unit in order to determine the ideal ratio of isoleucine (Ile) in relation to lysine (Lys) to laying hens aged 42-58 weeks. Experimental diets contained digestible Ile at different levels, resulting in different Ile:Lys ratios (0.73:1; 0.78:1; 0.83:1; 0.88:1; 0.93:1 and 0.98:1). A basal diet was formulated to provide Isoleucine in levels below recommendations. This diet was supplemented with L-isoleucine to make up the 6 diets. Each diet was made isonitrogenous by varying the dietary contents of glutamic acid and isocaloric by adjusting the contents of cornstarch. All essential amino acids were provided proportionally to lysine. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, albumen, yolk and eggshell contents were recorded and compiled at every 28-day period. No differences were observed in the performance over a wide range of dietary isoleucine concentrations from 5.76 to 7.73 g/kg corresponding to 0.73:1 to 0.98:1 Ile:Lys ratios. The lowest Ile:Lys ratio (0.73:1) was sufficient to ensure satisfactory performance of birds, corresponding to the consumption of 534 mg of isoleucine and 731 mg of lysine/day.

Com o objetivo de determinar os níveis de aminoácidos sulfurosos digestíveis para estabelecer a relação ideal metionina + cistina/lisina em rações para poedeiras leves no período de 42 a 58 semanas de idade, 216 aves da marca comercial Hy-Line W36 foram distribuídas em delineamento de blocos casualizados com seis dietas, seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. O nível de lisina utilizado na dieta experimental foi de 0,770% para consumo médio esperado de 731 mg/ave/dia de lisina e de 95 g/ave/dia de ração. Os níveis de aminoácidos sulfurosos digestíveis foram obtidos a partir de uma dieta basal deficiente em metionina + cistina digestível (0,65%), suplementada com 0,00; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15; 0,20 e 0,25% de DL-metionina (99,2%), de forma a proporcionar relações metionina + cistina/lisina de 84, 91, 97, 104, 110 e 117%. O período experimental teve duração de 16 semanas e foi subdividido em quatro ciclos de coleta dos ovos, cada um de 28 dias. Houve efeito quadrático dos níveis de 0,826% e 0,775% de metionina + cistina digestível sobre a produção de ovos e a eficiência de utilização de lisina por produção total de ovos, respectivamente. O nível de metionina + cistina digestível considerado exigência para poedeiras leves no período de 42 a 58 semanas de idade foi de 0,775%, que corresponde a consumo de 708 mg/ave/dia de metionina + cistina digestível e relação metionina + cistina/lisina de 101%.

Aiming at determining levels of digestible sulfurous amino acids to establish the ideal methionine + cystine/lysine relationship in rations for light-weight laying hens in the period from 42 to 58 weeks of age, 216 birds of the commercial brand Hy- Line W36 were distributed in a randomized block design with 6 diets, 6 repetitions and 6 birds per experimental unit. The level of digestible lysine used in the experimental diet was 0.770% for an expected average consumption of 731 mg/hen/day of lysine and 95 g/hen/day of ration. Levels of digestible sulfurous amino acids were obtained from a basal diet deficient in digestible methionine + cystine (0.65%), supplemented with 0.00; 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25% of DL-methionine (99.2%), so to provide a methionine + cystine/lysine relationship of 84, 91, 97, 104, 110 and 117%. The experimental period lasted for 16 weeks and it was subdivided in 4 cycles of egg collection, each one corresponding to 28 days. There was a quadratic effect of the digestible methionine + cistine levels of 0.826% and 0.775% on the egg production and lysine utilization efficiency for total egg production, respectively. The digestible methionine + cystine level considered as a requirement for light-weight laying hens in the period from 42 to 58 weeks of age were 0.775%, corresponding to digestible methionine + cystine consumption of 708 mg/hen/day, and a methionine + cystine/lysine relationship of 101%.

Objetivou-se determinar os níveis de aminoácidos sulfurosos digestíveis para se estabelecer a relação ideal metionina+cistina:lisina em rações para poedeiras leves no período de 24 a 40 semanas de idade. Utilizaram-se 216 aves Hy-Line W36 em delineamento de blocos casualizados com seis níveis, cada um com seis repetições de seis aves por unidade experimental. Os níveis de aminoácidos sulfurosos digestíveis foram obtidos a partir de uma dieta basal com baixo nível de metionina+cistina digestível (0,65%) e suplementada com 0,00; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15; 0,20 e 0,25% de DL-metionina 99,2%, de forma a apresentar relações metionina + cistina:lisina de 84, 91, 97, 104, 110 e 117%. O período experimental teve duração de 16 semanas e foi subdividido em quatro subperíodos de coleta dos ovos, cada um com 28 dias de duração. Os níveis de metionina+cistina digestível influenciaram a produção de ovos e a eficiência de utilização de lisina por produção total de ovos, atingindo um platô em 0,811 e em 0,772% de metionina+cistina digestível, respectivamente. O nível de metionina+cistina digestível considerado exigência para poedeiras leves no período de 24 a 40 semanas de idade é de 0,772%, que corresponde a consumo de 682 mg/ave/dia de metionina+cistina digestível e a relação metionina+cistina:lisina de 100%.

The objective of this work was to determine digestible sulfurous amino acids levels to establish the ideal methionine+cystine:lysine relationships in meals of light-weight laying hens in the period from 24 to 40 weeks of age. It was used 216 Hy-Line W36 birds distributed in a randomized block design with 6 levels each one with 6 repetitions and 6 birds per experimental unit. The digestible sulfurous amino acids levels were obtained from a basal diet with low levels of digestible metionin+cistine (0.65%) supplemented with 0.00; 0.05; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20 and 0.25% of DL-methionine (99.2%) to provide a relationship methionine+cystine:lysine of 84, 91, 97, 104, 110 and 117%. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks and it was subdivided in 4 subperiods of collection of the eggs, each one corresponding to 28 days. Levels of digestible methionine+cistine affected egg production and lysine utilization efficiency per total egg production, reaching a plateau in 0.811 and 0.772% of digestible methionine+cistine, respectively. The digestible methionine+cystine level considered as a requirement for light-weight laying hens in the period from 24 to 40 weeks of age is of 0.772%, corresponding to digestible methionine+cystine consumption of 682 mg/hen/day, and the relationship methionine+cystine:lysine of 100%.

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de lisina digestível para poedeiras leves no período de 24 a 40 semanas de idade. Foram utilizadas 216 poedeiras Hy-Line W36 em delineamento em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos, seis blocos e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração basal, com 14,54% de proteína bruta, deficiente em lisina digestível (0,545%), e suplementada com seis níveis de L-lisina HCl (78%): 0,00; 0,059; 0,118; 0,177; 0,237 e 0,295%. Considerando a digestibilidade da lisina de 97,6%, a quantidade de L-lisina.HCl adicionada em cada ração forneceu 0,00; 0,045; 0,090; 0,135; 0,180 e 0,225% de lisina digestível respectivamente, resultando em rações com 0,545; 0,590; 0,635; 0,680; 0,725 e 0,770% de lisina digestível. Os consumos de ração e de lisina, a produção de ovos, o peso médio dos ovos, a massa de ovos, a conversão alimentar/dúzia de ovos, o índice de albúmen e o peso final das aves apresentaram resposta linear ao aumento dos níveis lisina digestível. Os níveis de lisina digestível tiveram efeito quadrático sobre a conversão alimentar/massa de ovos, mas não tiveram efeito significativo sobre a unidade Haugh, o índice de gema e os componentes dos ovos. A exigência de lisina digestível foi estimada em, no mínimo, 0,770% na ração, que corresponde a consumo de 759 mg de lisina digestível/ave/dia.

The objective of this study wast to determine the requirement of digestible lysine for light-weight laying hens 24 to 40 weeks of age. Two hundred and sixteen Hy-Line W36 light-weight laying hens were allotted to a randomized complete blocks with six treatments, six blocks and six hens per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet, with 14.54% crude protein, deficient in digestible lysine (0.545%), supplemented with six levels of L-lysine HCl (78%) 0.00; 0.059; 0.118; 0.177; 0.237 and 0.295%. Considering the digestibility of the lysine to be 97.6%, the amount of L-lysine. HCl added in each diet supplied 0.00; 0.045; 0.090; 0.135; 0.180 and 0.225 digestible lysine, respectively, resulting in diets with 0.545; 0.590; 0.635; 0.680; 0.725 and 0.770% digestible lysine. Feed intake, lysine intake, egg production, average egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion (kg feed/egg dozen), albumen index and final weight gain of the chickens showed a linear response with increase in the digestible lysine levels. There was a quadratic effect for the levels of digestible lysine on feed conversion/egg mass but no significant effect on Haugh Units, yolk index and egg components was detected. The digestible lysine requirement was estimated to be at least 0.770% of the diet, corresponding to the intake of 759 mg of lysine digestible/hen/day.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de EM sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos de codornas européias em postura. Foram utilizadas 240 codornas européias dos 56 aos 168 dias de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (2.650, 2.750, 2.850, 2.950 e 3.050 kcal de EM/kg), seis repetições e oito aves por unidade experimental. As rações foram formuladas à base de milho e farelo de soja e continham 20% PB, 2,5% Ca, 1,17% lisina e 0,802% metionina+cistina total. Foram analisados os consumos de ração (g/ave/dia) e de energia (kcal de EM/ave/dia), a produção total de ovos (%/ave/dia) e de ovos comercializáveis (%/ave/dia), o peso (g) e a massa dos ovos (g/ave/dia), a conversão alimentar (kg de ração/kg de ovo e por dúzia de ovos), o ganho de peso corporal (g), a eficiência energética (kcal de EM/dúzia e por quilo de ovos), os pesos de gema, albúmem e casca (g) e a concentração de colesterol na gema (mg/g). O aumento dos níveis de EM na ração ocasionou redução linear do consumo de ração e dos pesos de ovo, de gema e de albúmem e melhora linear da conversão alimentar (por massa e por dúzia de ovos) e de eficiência da utilização de energia para produção de uma dúzia de ovos. Observou-se comportamento quadrático para a produção de ovos, indicando maior produção em aves alimentadas com ração contendo 2.900 kcal de EM/kg. Os demais parâmetros avaliados não foram influenciados pelos níveis de energia. Rações para codornas européias em fase inicial de postura devem conter 3.050 kcal de EM/kg (correspondente a um consumo de 82,4 kcal de EM/ave/dia) para melhor conversão alimentar por massa e por dúzia de ovos ou 2.900 kcal de EM/kg (consumo de 87 kcal de EM/ave/dia) para melhor produção de ovos.

The effects of increasing dietary ME levels on performance and egg quality of 240 laying European quails from 56 to 168 days of age were evaluated in this experiment. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with five treatments (2,650, 2,750, 2,850, 2,950, and 3,050 kcal ME/kg), six replicates and eight birds per experimental unit. The corn, soybean meal-based diets were formulated to contain 20% of CP, 2.5% of Ca, 1.17% of lysine and 0.802% of methionine + cystine. Feed intake (g/bird/day), energy intake (kcal ME/bird/day), total egg production (%/bird/day), commercial egg production (%/bird/day), egg weight (g), egg mass (g/bird/day), feed conversion (kg/kg of egg and kg/egg dozen), body weight gain (g), energy efficiency utilization (kcal ME/ egg dozen and kcal ME/ egg mass), weights of yolk (g), albumen (g) and shell (g) and yolk cholesterol concentration (mg/g) were analyzed. Increasing dietary ME levels decreased linearly feed intake and weights of egg, yolk and albumen and increased feed conversion (feed:egg mass and feed:egg dozen ratios) and energy efficiency utilization per egg dozen. It was observed quadratic effect on egg production; the birds fed diet with 2,900 ME/kg showed the best production. No treatment effect on the other parameters was observed. It was concluded that diets for European quails in the initial laying phase must contain 3,050 kcal ME/kg (intake of 82.4 kcal ME/bird/day), for better feed:egg mass and feed:egg dozen ratio, or 2,900 kcal ME/kg (intake of 87.1 kcal ME/bird/day) for better egg production.

Foi conduzido um experimento para determinação da exigência nutricional de cálcio de 360 codornas japonesas fêmeas (peso médio inicial de 121,5 g), durante o período inicial de produção (56 a 171 dias de idade). As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 x 4, com seis níveis de Ca na ração (1,6; 2,0; 2,4; 2,8; 3,2 e 3,6%) e quatro períodos experimentais de 28 dias. Cada tratamento foi constituído de seis repetições e a unidade experimental foi representada pela gaiola contendo dez aves. Não houve efeito significativo da interação níveis de Ca ' períodos sobre nenhuma das variáveis avaliadas. Verificou-se, no entanto, aumento linear para produção de ovos, peso de ovo e espessura de casca. Houve ainda redução linear para conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e porcentagem de Ca na tíbia e efeito quadrático para massa de ovo, ganho de peso das aves, peso específico dos ovos, peso de casca e porcentagem de cinzas na tíbia. Observou-se que a produção e a massa de ovos obtidas com o nível de 3,2% de Ca foi 3,3 e 3,8% superiores, respectivamente, em valores absolutos, quando comparada àquela contendo 3,6% de Ca. A exigência de Ca estimada de codornas japonesas na fase inicial de produção variou de 3,0 a 3,6% na dieta, de acordo com os parâmetros avaliados. Recomenda-se o nível de 3,2% de Ca na dieta, que corresponde a um consumo diário de 882 mg de Ca/ave, ou de 87 mg de Ca/g de ovo, como exigência satisfatória para obtenção de melhor produção e de eficiente conversão alimentar (por massa e por dúzia de ovos) e para manutenção da qualidade dos ovos.

An experiment was conducted to determine nutritional calcium requirement of 360 Japanese female quails averaging initial weight of 121.5 g during the initial production phase (from 56 to 171 days of age). A complete randomized design with a 6 x 4 factorial arrangement (six Ca levels: 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2, and 3.6% and four experimental periods of 28 days each) was used. Each treatment consisted of six replicates and a cage with ten birds, that was the experimental unit. No significant effect of Ca levels ' periods interaction on any variable was detected. However, it was observed linear increase on egg production, egg weight and eggshell thickness and linear decrease on feed:egg mass ratio and Ca percentage in the tibia, and quadratic effect on egg mass, bird weight gain, egg specific weight, eggshell weight and ash percentage in the tibia. It was observed that egg production and mass obtained with the 3.2% Ca level was 3.3 and 3.8% greater, respectively, in absolute values, than the 3.6% Ca level. The estimated Ca requirement of Japanese laying quails during the initial production phase ranged from 3.0 to 3.6% in the diet, depending on the evaluated parameters. It is recommended the dietary Ca level of 3.2%, that corresponds to a daily intake of 882 mg Ca/bird or 87 mg Ca/g of egg, to obtain better production and feed efficiency (feed:egg mass and feed:egg dozen ratios) and to maintain egg quality.

O experimento foi conduzido como objetivo de estimar a exigência de lisina total para codornas européias (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) machos de 21 a 49 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 315 codornas (peso vivo médio de 80 g) alimentadas com rações à base de milho, farelo de soja e farelo de glúten de milho. A ração basal, formulada sem suplementação de lisina sintética, continha 20% de PB, 2.900 kcal de energia metabolizável (EM)/kg e 0,9% de lisina total e foi suplementada com 0,125; 0,231; 0,357 e 0,483 de L-lisina-HCl (79%), resultando em rações com 1,0; 1,1; 1,2 e 1,3% de lisina total, respectivamente. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, sete repetições e nove aves por unidade experimental. Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, o peso final, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar, o índice de eficiência produtiva e os rendimentos de peito e de carcaça. Observou-se efeito não-significativo para todas as variáveis avaliadas. A exigência dietética de lisina total para codornas européias machos de 21 a 49 dias de idade é de 0,9%, que corresponde a um consumo diário de 207 mg de lisina por ave.

The trial was carried out to estimate the requirements of total lysine for male European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) from 21 to 49 days old. Three hundred and fifteen quails averaging 80 g BW were fed diets with corn, soy crumb and corn gluten crumb. The basal diet was not supplementated with L-lysine, containing 20% of crude protein, 2,900 kcal of energy metabolizable/kg and 0.9% of total lysine, supplemented with 0.125, 0.231, 0.357, and 0.483 g of L-lysine (79%), resulting in 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3% of total lysine, respectively. The trial was analyzed as a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments, seven replicates and nine birds per experimental unit. The following variables were studied: feeding intake, final body weight, body weight gain, feed:gain ratio, productive efficiency index, breast yield and carcass. No significant effect was observed for all the variables. It concluded that the dietary total lysine requirement is of 0.9% for male European quails from 21 to 49 days old, corresponding to a daily intake of 207 mg of lysine.