ABSTRACT Purpose: To conduct a systematic literature review with meta-analysis to identify whether antibiotic prophylaxis after removal of the indwelling urinary catheter reduces posterior infections. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, using the keywords “antibiotics” AND “prostatectomy” AND “urinary catheter.” Results: Three articles were identified having the scope of our review, with 1,040 patients, which were subjected to our meta-analysis revealing a marginally significant decrease in the risk of urinary infection after indwelling urinary catheter removal (odds ratio–OR = 0.51; 95% confidence interval–95%CI 0.27–0.98; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%). No difference was found regarding the presence of bacteriuria (OR = 0.39; 95%CI 0.12–1.24; p = 0.11; I2 = 73%). Conclusions: In our meta-analysis, there was a significant decrease in urinary tract infection with antibiotic prophylaxis after indwelling urinary catheter removal following radical prostatectomy. Purpose metaanalysis meta analysis infections Methods PubMed Embase Cochrane Scholar Literature antibiotics “antibiotics prostatectomy “prostatectomy catheter. Results 1040 1 040 1,04 patients odds ratioOR ratio OR 0.51 051 0 51 95 interval95CI intervalCI interval CI 0.27–0.98 027098 27 98 0.04 004 04 I 0%. 0% . 0%) 0.39 039 39 95CI 0.12–1.24 012124 12 24 0.11 011 11 73%. 73 73% 73%) Conclusions metaanalysis, analysis, 104 1,0 0.5 05 5 9 0.27–0.9 02709 2 0.0 00 0.3 03 3 0.12–1.2 01212 0.1 01 7 10 1, 0. 0.27–0. 0270 0.12–1. 0121 0.27–0 027 0.12–1 012 0.27– 02 0.12– 0.27 0.12 0.2

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess whether the Dunning-Kruger effect occurs in surgical residents when performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a porcine model. Methods: Prospective blinded study, which counted with forty PGY-1 general surgery residents who agreed to participate in the study were blindly recruited to perform a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a porcine model. At the end of the procedure, the participants assigned a score of 0-10 for their own performance and the video of the operation was independently assessed by 2 experienced laparoscopic surgeons using a validated tool. Results: Participants were divided into groups of 10 individuals according to objective performance and compared. The group with the worst objective result was inferior to the group with the best objective result (3.77 ± 0.44 vs. 8.1 ± 0.44, p < 0.001), but they were similar in self-perception of performance (5.11 ± 1.69 vs. 6.1 ± 1.79, p = 0.999). Conclusions: In the studied sample, it was possible to demonstrate the presence of the Dunning-Kruger effect. Purpose DunningKruger Dunning Kruger model Methods PGY1 PGY 1 PGY- procedure 010 0 0-1 tool Results compared 3.77 377 3 77 (3.7 044 44 0.4 vs 81 8 8. 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) selfperception self perception 5.11 511 5 11 (5.1 169 69 1.6 61 6 6. 179 79 1.79 0.999. 0999 0.999 . 999 0.999) Conclusions sample 01 0- 3.7 37 7 (3. 04 4 0. 000 0.00 00 5.1 51 (5. 16 1. 17 1.7 099 0.99 99 3. (3 0.0 5. (5 09 0.9 9 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: In Brazil, healthcare services traditionally follow a fee-for-service (FFS) payment system, in which each medical procedure incurs a separate charge. An alternative reimbursement with the aim of reducing costs is diagnosis related group (DRG) remuneration, in which all patient care is covered by a fixed amount. This work aimed to perform a systematic review followed by meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of the Budled Payment for Care Improvement (BPCI) versus FFS. Methods: Our work was performed following the items of the PRISMA report. We included only observational trials, and the primary outcome assessed was the effectiveness of FFS and DRG in appendectomy considering complications. We also assessed the costs and length of hospital stay. Meta-analysis was performed with Rev Man version 5.4. Results: Out of 735 initially identified articles, six met the eligibility criteria. We demonstrated a shorter hospital stay associated with the DRG model (mean difference = 0.39; 95% confidence interval – 95%CI – 0.38–0.40; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%), however the hospital readmission rate was higher in this model (odds ratio = 1.57; 95%CI 1.02–2.44, p = 0.04; I2 = 90%). Conclusions: This study reveals a potential decrease in the length of stay for appendectomy patients using the DRG approach. However, no significant differences were observed in other outcomes analysis between the two approaches. Purpose Brazil feeforservice fee service (FFS system charge (DRG remuneration amount metaanalysis meta BPCI (BPCI Methods report trials complications Metaanalysis Meta 54 5 4 5.4 Results 73 articles criteria mean 0.39 039 0 39 95 95CI CI 0.38–0.40 038040 38 40 0.00001 000001 00001 I 0%, 0% , 0%) odds 1.57 157 1 57 102244 02 2 44 1.02–2.44 0.04 004 04 90%. 90 90% . 90%) Conclusions approach However approaches 5. 7 0.3 03 3 9 0.38–0.4 03804 0.0000 00000 0000 1.5 15 10224 1.02–2.4 0.0 00 0. 0.38–0. 0380 0.000 000 1. 1022 1.02–2. 0.38–0 038 0.00 102 1.02–2 0.38– 10 1.02– 0.38 1.02 1.0

ABSTRACT Purpose: Kidney stones are one of the most common urological diseases worldwide. The size and location of the stone are the most important factors in determining the most suitable treatment options. The aim of this review was to evaluate the displacement of lower pole stones. Methods: Three studies assessing the efficacy of translocating kidney stones from the lower pole of the kidney to other locations during retrograde intrarenal surgery published in the last 20 years were included. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Web of Science databases using the following search terms: “Lower pole,” “Lithotripsy.” Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4. Results: Stone-free rates were improved through displacement (odds ratio – OR = -0.15; 95% confidence interval–95%CI -0.24–-0.05; p = 0.002; I2 = 21%), but at the cost of increased surgical duration (mean difference = -12.50; 95%CI -24.06–-0.95; p = 0.03; I2 = 94%). Although this represents a potentially negative outcome, the improvement in clearance rates justifies the additional investment of time and effort. Conclusions: Displacement of lower pole kidney stones for subsequent lithotripsy brings significant benefits in terms of stone-free rate, with no difference in laser energy usage. However, it results in increased surgical time. Despite these factors, the benefits to patients undergoing the procedure are substantial. Purpose worldwide options Methods 2 included PubMed Embase LILACS, LILACS , (LILACS) Lower pole, Lithotripsy. Lithotripsy “Lithotripsy. Metaanalysis Meta analysis 54 5 4 5.4 Results Stonefree Stone free odds 0.15 015 0 15 -0.15 95 interval95CI intervalCI interval CI 0.24–0.05 024005 0.24– 0.05 24 05 -0.24–-0.05 0.002 0002 002 I 21%, 21 21% 21%) mean 12.50 1250 12 50 -12.50 95CI 24.06–0.95 2406095 24.06– 0.95 06 -24.06–-0.95 0.03 003 03 94%. 94 94% . 94%) outcome effort Conclusions stonefree rate usage However substantial (LILACS “Lithotripsy 5. 0.1 01 1 -0.1 9 0.24–0.0 02400 024 0.24 005 0.0 -0.24–-0.0 0.00 000 00 12.5 125 -12.5 24.06–0.9 240609 2406 24.06 095 0.9 -24.06–-0.9 0. -0. 0.24–0. 0240 02 0.2 -0.24–-0. 12. -12. 24.06–0. 24060 240 24.0 09 -24.06–-0. -0 0.24–0 -0.24–-0 -12 24.06–0 24. -24.06–-0 - -0.24–- -1 -24.06–- -0.24– -24.06– -0.24 -24.06 -0.2 -24.0 -24. -24 -2