Abstract The Northeastern Mata Atlântica Freshwater ecoregion (NMAF) is part of the 25 worlds biodiversity hotspots. It comprises the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor and Chapada Diamantina Complex (in part), including high rates of endemism in coastal freshwater ecosystems. However, estimates indicate a high population decline in Freshwater ecosystems. Trichoptera are the most affected insect order, with average extinction rates of ~9% and many unknown species (e.g., estimates are around 50% in Brazil and Ecuador). This crisis can be aggravated by gaps in the knowledge of species (Linnean shortfall) and their distribution (Wallacean shortfall), caused mainly by a lack of investment in extensive fauna inventories and human resources related to systematics. Thus, to face these shortfalls in NMAF, we describe four new species of. H. (Feropsyche) and provide new distribution records. In addition, we perform niche modeling based on the species distributions of the group to identify areas with high environmental suitability to direct biodiversity research efforts on NMAF, a highly endemic and underexplored ecoregion. We increased the number of known species of NMAF from seven to 16 species. The niche modeling pointed to two areas as priorities to guide the strategies to reduce shortfalls in the NMAF. (NMAF 2 hotspots part, , part) ecosystems However order 9 ~9 e.g., eg e g (e.g. 50 Ecuador. Ecuador . Ecuador) Linnean shortfall Wallacean shortfall, systematics Thus H Feropsyche (Feropsyche records addition 1 ~ e.g. (e.g 5 e.g

Alogliptin (ALG) benzoate is an oral hypoglycemic drug that works as a DPP-4 inhibitor to prevent incretin degradation. Forced stability studies use high temperatures to decompose drugs and estimate their behavior at low temperatures. We aimed to evaluate the thermal stability of ALG using two techniques: isothermal thermogravimetry (TGA) and degradation in an oven followed by liquid chromatography (LC-PDA) analysis. ALG was subjected to 150, 155, 160, 165, and 170 °C up to 10% of mass loss in isothermal TGA. In the oven, the drug was submitted to 130, 140, 150, 155, 160, and 170 °C. Kinetic parameters were calculated with the Arrhenius model. ALG followed zero-order kinetics, in which the degradation rate did not depend on reagent concentration. Activation energy ranged from 31.0 to 35.9 kcal mol-1. The degraded drug was less toxic in a cytotoxicity assay in CRIB cells than the undegraded drug. The TGA method is faster and more practical than the oven followed by LC-PDA, and the data present a correlation. Here we described the kinetic parameters of ALG degradation, improving the knowledge about the drug and assisting in developing new formulations from the drug. (ALG DPP4 DPP 4 DPP- techniques (TGA LCPDA LC PDA (LC-PDA analysis 150 155 160 165 17 C 10 130 140 model zeroorder zero order kinetics concentration 310 31 0 31. 359 35 9 35. mol1. mol1 mol 1. 1 mol-1 LCPDA, PDA, LC-PDA correlation 15 16 13 14 3 mol-

■ ABSTRACT Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the lips and mainly affects the lower lip. Adequate treatment of this neoplasm must be early and radical, as metastases can occur. Considering that the lips are extremely important in the dynamics and motricity of the face, lip reconstruction after major resections in this region is a challenge for the surgeon in the search for good aesthetic and functional results. This study seeks to present an already established and reliable technique for reconstructing the lower lip after tumor resection, the Karapandizic flap. Method: In this case review, 4 patients with lower lips reconstructed using the Karapandzic technique in 2013-2022 are retrospectively evaluated. Results: The most frequently observed complications were hypertrophic scar, lip vermilion suture dehiscence, and microstomia (reduction of oral opening). The cleft lip (microstomia) reduction was partially corrected through dental orthoses, with no need for commissuroplasty in any of the cases. Another contribution of this work is the use of preoperative color echoDoppler, which allows flap planning by checking the viability of the vascular pedicle and the actual positioning of this pedicle, reducing the chances of inadvertent injury to the vessels during surgery. Conclusion: Even though microstomy is a limitation of this flap, we conclude that this technique meets the need for lower lip reconstruction in large resections, as it can provide satisfactory results in oncological, functional, and aesthetic terms. Introduction radical occur face resection Method review 20132022 2013 2022 2013-202 evaluated Results scar dehiscence opening. opening . opening) (microstomia orthoses cases echoDoppler surgery Conclusion oncological terms 2013202 201 202 2013-20 201320 20 2013-2 20132 2 2013-

■ RESUMO Introdução: O carcinoma de células escamosas é o tumor maligno mais frequente dos lábios e acomete principalmente o lábio inferior. O tratamento adequado desta neoplasia deve ser precoce e radical, pois metástases podem ocorrer. Considerando que os lábios têm extrema relevância na dinâmica e motricidade da face, a reconstrução labial após grandes ressecções nesta região é um desafio para o cirurgião na busca de bons resultados estéticos e funcionais. Este estudo busca apresentar uma técnica já consagrada e confiável para a reconstrução do lábio inferior após ressecções tumorais, o retalho de Karapandizic. Método: Nesta revisão de casos são avaliados, retrospectivamente, 4 pacientes que tiveram o lábio inferior reconstruído por meio da técnica de Karapandzic no período de 2013-2022. Resultados: As complicações mais frequentemente observadas foram cicatriz hipertrófica, deiscência de sutura em vermelhão de lábio e microstomia (redução da abertura oral). A redução da fenda labial (microstomia) foi corrigida parcialmente através do uso de órteses odontológicas, não havendo necessidade de indicação de comissuroplastia em nenhum dos casos. Outra colaboração deste trabalho refere-se à utilização do ecoDoppler colorido pré-operatório, que permite o planejamento do retalho verificando a viabilidade do pedículo vascular e o real posicionamento deste pedículo, reduzindo as chances de lesão inadvertida dos vasos durante a cirurgia. Conclusão: Mesmo sendo a microstomia uma limitação deste retalho, concluímos que esta técnica atende à necessidade de reconstrução de lábio inferior em grandes ressecções, uma vez que é capaz de proporcionar resultados satisfatórios em termos oncológicos, funcionais e estéticos. Introdução radical ocorrer face tumorais Karapandizic Método avaliados retrospectivamente 20132022. 20132022 2013 2022. 2022 2013-2022 Resultados hipertrófica oral. oral . oral) (microstomia odontológicas referese refere se préoperatório, préoperatório pré operatório, operatório pré-operatório cirurgia Conclusão oncológicos 2013202 201 202 2013-202 201320 20 2013-20 20132 2 2013-2 2013-

ABSTRACT Insects are fundamental to biodiversity conservation in almost all ecosystems, and their population decline, and extinction directly result from environmental impacts. These facts are aggravated by the lack of knowledge of insect biodiversity, the so-called biodiversity deficits, especially the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls. In freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity loss is higher among aquatic insects, and caddisflies comprise one of the most vulnerable orders. In this way, research focusing on describing new caddisfly species and understanding their distribution ranges will increase knowledge of caddisfly biodiversity. In the past 14 years, the team from the Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática “Prof. Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich” (LEAq, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil) and collaborators have been addressing these issues, resulting in 55 described species of caddisflies. Taxa in other insect orders have also received attention and an additional 16 species have been described (eight mayflies, four stoneflies, four neuropteran spongillaflies, and antlions). Here, eight caddisfly species are described and illustrated (Atopsyche froehlichi sp. nov., Austrotinodes zeferina sp. nov., Cernotina kariri sp. nov., Neoathripsodes froehlichi sp. nov., Notalina claudiofroehlichi sp. nov., Oecetis marcus sp. nov., Phylloicus froehlichi sp. nov., and Polycentropus claudioi sp. nov.), five of them in honor of LEAq’s patron. In addition, new distributional data are presented for 10 known species. A checklist of the caddisfly fauna of Bahia state is also presented, with 138 species, around 75% and 30% of them recorded and described by the LEAq team, respectively. Currently, for caddisflies, Bahia is the fifth most species-rich state in Brazil, and the first in the Brazilian Northeast region. ecosystems decline impacts socalled so called deficits shortfalls insects way 1 years Prof. Prof “Prof Dr Froehlich LEAq, (LEAq Brazil issues 5 mayflies stoneflies spongillaflies antlions. antlions . antlions) Here Atopsyche sp nov nov. , nov.) LEAqs s patron addition 13 75 30 respectively Currently speciesrich rich region 7 3

Abstract Introduction: The increase in the prevalence of aortic stenosis due to an aging population has led to an increasing number of surgical aortic valve replacements. Over the past 20 years, there has been a major shift in preference from mechanical to bioprosthetic valves. However, despite efforts, there is still no "ideal" bioprosthesis. It is crucial to understand the structure, biology, and function of native heart valves to design more intelligent, strong, durable, and physiological heart valve tissues. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify articles reporting the basic mechanisms of bioprosthetic valve dysfunction and the biology of native valve cells. Searches were run in PubMed, MEDLINE® (the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), and Google Scholar. Terms for subject heading and keywords search included “biological heart valve dysfunction”, “bioprosthesis dysfunction”, “bioprosthesis degeneration”, and “tissue heart valves”. Results: All the relevant findings are summarized in the appropriate subsections. Structural dysfunction is a logical and expected consequence of the chemical, mechanical, and immunological processes that occur during fixation, manufacture, and implantation. Conclusion: Biological prosthesis valve dysfunction is a clinically significant process. It has become a major issue considering the growing rate of bioprosthesis implantation and improved long-term patient survival. Understanding bioprosthetic aortic valve degeneration from a basic science perspective is a key point to improve technologic advances and specifications that lead to a new generation of bioprostheses.

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou verificar, a partir da estratégia de inovação aberta, como diferentes tipos de interação com atores externos (clientes, concorrentes, fornecedores, universidades e consultores) influenciam diferentes tipos de inovações (inovações gerais, inovações de produto e inovações tecnológicas) implementadas pelas organizações. Para análise, utilizou-se a técnica de dados em painel, com base em dados da PINTEC, uma pesquisa de inovação do IBGE, referente aos anos de 2003, 2005, 2008, 2011 e 2014. Com relação às inovações gerais implementadas pelas organizações, verificou-se que nenhum tipo de interação foi significativo, enquanto para a inovação de produto, observou-se que as interações tanto com consultores quanto com fornecedores foram negativas, e, por fim, com relação à inovação tecnológica, verificou-se que a interação com clientes foi positiva e a interação com universidades foi negativa. Desse modo, os resultados foram essenciais para comprovar que formas variadas de cooperação impactam de forma diferente a implementação de diferentes tipos de inovação pelas organizações.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to verify, based on the open innovation strategy, how different types of interactions with external actors (customers, competitors, suppliers, universities, and consultants) influence different types of innovations (general innovations, product innovations, and technological innovations) implemented by organizations. The panel data technique was used for analysis, based on PINTEC data, an innovation survey conducted by IBGE, which referred to the years 2003, 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014. Regarding the innovations implemented by organizations, no type of interaction was significant for the general innovations or interactions with consultants, and suppliers were negative for product innovation. Finally, interaction with customers was positive while interaction with universities was negative for technological innovations. Thus, the results were essential to proving that different forms of cooperation have different impacts on the implementation of different types of innovation by organizations.

ABSTRACT Understanding local epidemiology is essential to reduce the burden of malaria in complex contexts, such as Brazilian municipalities that share borders with endemic countries. A descriptive study of malaria in the period 2003 to 2020 was conducted using data from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information System related to a remote municipality with an extensive border with Peru to understand the disease transmission, focusing on the obstacles to its elimination. The transmission increases at the end of the rainy season. During the period of 18 years, 53,575 malaria cases were reported (Mean of API 224.7 cases/1,000), of which 11% were imported from Peru. Thirteen outbreaks of malaria were observed during the studied period, the last one in 2018. The highest burden of cases was caused by P. vivax (73.2%), but P. falciparum was also prevalent at the beginning of the study period (50% in 2006). Several changes in the epidemiological risk were observed: (1) the proportion of international imported cases of malaria changed from 30.7% in 2003 to 3.5% in 2020 (p<0.05); (2) indigenous people affected increased from 24.3% in 2003 to 89.5% in 2020 (p<0.0001); (3) infected children and adolescents < 15 years old increased from 50.2% in 2003 to 67.4% in 2020 (p<0.01); (4) the proportion of men decreased from 56.7% in 2003 to 50.4% in 2020 (p<0.01); (5) the likelihood of P. falciparum malaria has significantly declined (p<0.01). The number of cases and the incidence of malaria in 2019 and 2020 were the lowest in the period of 18 years. The burden of malaria in indigenous areas and its determinants, seasonality, geographical access and the long international border are obstacles for the elimination of malaria that must be overcome.

RESUMO Objetivo: Sumarizar evidências científicas acerca do processo de tomada de decisão compartilhada centrada na mulher para promoção do aconselhamento em anticoncepção. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura com amostra de nove artigos primários selecionados nas bases MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, LILACS e BDENF. Resultados: Evidenciou-se uma abrangente cadeia de segmentos para desenvolvimento da abordagem compartilhada centrada na mulher por meio do aconselhamento em anticoncepção, fragmentando a captação de evidências em elementos relacionais para efetivação da escolha e continuação do método escolhido; sistematização de informações consistentes para efetivação da escolha e continuação do método; e desafios para implementação da tomada de decisões compartilhada. Considerações finais: O processo de tomada de decisão compartilhada centrada na mulher durante a consulta de aconselhamento em anticoncepção favorece a escolha qualificada e adesão efetiva a um método anticoncepcional com base na visão clínica do profissional ajustada às preferências da mulher.

ABSTRACT Objective: To summarize scientific evidence on the woman-centered shared decision-making process for the promotion of contraceptive counseling. Methods: Integrative literature review with a sample of nine primary articles selected from MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, LILACS, and BDENF. Results: The study evidenced a comprehensive chain of segments for the development of the shared approach centered on women through counseling on contraception, fragmenting the evidence acquisition in relational elements for the choice implementation and continuation of the chosen method; systematization of consistent information for choice implementation and continuation of the method; and challenges for implementing shared decision-making. Final considerations: The process of woman shared decision-making centered during the consultation on contraception counseling favors the qualified choice and effective adherence to a contraceptive method based on the professional’s clinical vision adjusted to the woman’s preferences.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Resumir evidencias científicas acerca del proceso de toma de decisión conjunta dirigida a mujer para promoción del consejo en anticoncepción. Métodos: Revisión integrativa de la literatura con muestra de nueve artículos primarios seleccionados en las bases MEDLINE vía PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, LILACS y BDENF. Resultados: Evidenciado una abarcadora cadena de segmentos para desarrollo de estrategia conjunta dirigida a mujer mediante consejo en anticoncepción, fragmentando la captación de evidencias en elementos relacionales para efectuación de elección y continuación del método elegido; sistematización de informaciones consistentes para efectuación de elección y continuación del método; y desafíos para implementación de toma de decisiones conjunta. Consideraciones finales: El proceso de toma de decisión conjunta dirigida a mujer durante la consulta de consejo en anticoncepción favorece la elección cualificada y adhesión efectiva a un método contraceptivo basado en la visión clínica del profesional ajustada a preferencias de la mujer.

Abstract The objective of this study was to use the passion fruit peel P. cincinnata Mast., as a viable alternative to produce food (flour and cookies) that is rich in fiber and environmentally sustainable. For this, fruit peels were obtained, which were hygienized, dehydrated and ground in a knife mill in order to develop the flour, which was then used in different concentrations in three formulations of chip cookies (using 10%, 20% and 30% of the flour developed). Analyzes physicochemical and microbiological composition were performed for both flour and for the cookies developed and a sensorial acceptance test was performed for the cookies. It was possible to observe that the flour had an adequate centesimal composition, when it was about quality and safety, as well as health benefits. As for the physicochemical composition, the flour had 5.79 ± 0.11% of ashes; 78.23 ± 0.84% of total carbohydrates; 5.78 ± 0.11% moisture; 4.83 ± 0.00% acidity; 3.74 ± 0.04 pH; 1.66 ± 0.06% lipids; 8.59 ± 0.82% protein and 58,3 g/100g dietary fiber. The study demonstrates its nutritional quality by reducing the lipid content of the final product, by comparing the formulation with 30% of the flour developed to the standard formulation, as well as increasing the ash content and acidity and reducing its pH when compared to the standard formulation, promoting the safety and quality of food. Flour presented promising capacity in the development of functional foods, health promoters, and environmental conservation by avoiding its inappropriate disposal.

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como se configuram as relações de poder que regem corpos e condutas entre praticantes do BDSM erótico. Adota uma perspectiva foucaultiana, buscando ancorar a análise das práticas fetichistas sob o fulcro dos jogos e relações de poder. Metodologicamente, foram realizados observações, entrevistas e diário de campo. A análise do corpus de pesquisa baseou-se na análise enunciativa foucaultiana, evidenciando o rol de enunciados, práticas e regras de conduta que se articulam a uma densa trama de relações de poder entre os sujeitos praticantes. À guisa de conclusão, problematiza-se o grau de ruptura e reprodução da matriz sexual hegemônica vivenciado pelos praticantes. Além disso, destaca-se a importância para os Estudos Organizacionais de abarcar estudos sobre a multiplicidade das sexualidades dissidentes, em seu processo de luta e resistência.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze how the power relations that govern bodies and conduct among erotic BDSM practitioners are configured. It adopts a Foucauldian perspective in that it seeks to link its analysis of fetishistic practices to Foucault’s theories of power relations. Methodologically, field observation and interviews were carried out and a field diary was kept. The analysis of the research corpus was based on Foucault’s enunciative analysis, and it shows a set of statements, practices and rules of conduct that connect to a dense web of power relations between practicing subjects. By way of conclusion, their degree of rupture with and reproduction of the hegemonic sexual matrix is discussed. Finally, we emphasize the importance of Organizational Studies taking on further research into the multiplicity of dissident sexualities, in their process of struggle and resistance.

RESUMEN Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo se configuran las relaciones de poder que rigen los cuerpos y comportamientos entre los practicantes del BDSM erótico. Adopta una perspectiva foucaultiana, buscando anclar el análisis de las prácticas fetichistas bajo el fulcro de los juegos y las relaciones de poder. Metodológicamente, se realizaron observaciones, entrevistas y un diario de campo. El análisis del corpus de investigación se basó en el análisis enunciativo foucaultiano, mostrando un listado de enunciados, prácticas y reglas de conducta que se articulan en una densa red de relaciones de poder entre sujetos practicantes. A modo de conclusión, se discute el grado de ruptura y reproducción de la matriz sexual hegemónica que experimentan los practicantes. Además, destaca la importancia de que los Estudios Organizacionales abarquen estudios sobre la multiplicidad de sexualidades disidentes, en su proceso de lucha y resistencia.

Resumo Introdução: Com o envelhecimento, é comum ocorrerem alterações em diferentes áreas da cognição, como a memória, função executiva, linguagem, desenvolvimento psicomotor e função visoespacial. A atividade física regular, contudo, tem sido descrita como um excelente meio de atenuar as degenerações provocadas pelo envelhecimento dentro dos domínios físico, psicológico e social. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento resistido em idosas com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Métodos: Estudo experimental com 31 idosas sedentárias, divididas em grupo controle (GC; n = 15) e grupo treinamento resistido (GTR; n = 16), submetidas a avaliações antropométricas, composição corporal, força máxima, frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial (PA) e aplicação de questionário (Mini Exame do Estado Mental). Resultados: Observou-se aumento da capacidade cognitiva no GTR (pós 26,00 ± 2,13 vs. GC 22,24 ± 3,82 vs. pré 24,06 ± 2,38 GTR) e redução na PA sistólica (pós 107,50 ± 11,97 vs. GC 126,00 ± 9,72 vs. pré 124,13 ± 12,55 mmHg GTR), PA diastólica (pós 68,50 ± 8,15 vs. GC 81,73 ± 4,59 vs. pré 74,69 ± 6,87 mmHg GTR) e duplo produto no GTR (pós 7746 ± 1244 vs. GC 9336 ± 1595 vs. pré 9286 ± 1309 mmHg x bpm GTR). Não houve redução na FC no GTR (pós 72,00 ± 7,40 vs. GC 74,00 ± 10,50 vs. pré 74,94 ± 8,42 bpm GTR). Em relação à força muscular, observou-se aumento em todos os exercícios. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que o treinamento resistido aumentou a força muscular e que houve redução de variáveis hemodinâmicas; entretanto, o achado mais importante desse estudo foi o aumento na capacidade cognitiva das idosas.

Abstract Introduction: With aging, it is common for some changes to occur in different areas of cognition, such as memory, executive function, language and psychomotor speed. However, regular physical activity has been described as an excellent way to alleviate the degeneration caused by aging within the various physical, psychological and social domains. Objective: To evaluate the effects of resistance training in elderly women with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Experimental study with 31 sedentary elderly women divided into control (CG; n=15) and resistance training (RTG; n=16) groups who underwent assessment of anthropometric measures, body composition, maximum strength, heart rate and blood pressure and questionnaire application (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Cognitive ability increased in RTG (post 26.00 ± 2.13 vs. CG 22.24 ± 3.82 vs. pre 24.06 ± 2.38 RTG). In RTG, there was a reduction in systolic blood pressure (post 107.50 ± 11.97 vs. CG 126.00 ± 9.72 vs. pre 124.13 ± 12.55 mmHg RTG), diastolic blood pressure (post 68.50 ± 8.15 vs. CG 81.73 ± 4.59 vs. pre 74.69 ± 6.87 mmHg RTG) and double product (post 7746 ± 1244 vs. CG 9336 ± 1595 vs. pre 9286 ± 1309 mmHg x bpm RTG), but not in heart rate (post 72.00 ± 7.40 vs. CG 74.00 ± 10.50 vs. pre 74.94 ± 8.42 bpm RTG). Regarding muscle strength, an increase was evident in all exercises. Conclusion: The present study showed that resistance training in elderly women increased muscle strength and reduced hemodynamic variables. But the most important finding was that there was an increase in cognitive capacity.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de linhagens de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) ao fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a agressividade dos isolados, e a herança de resistência ao mofo-branco, em duas condições ambientais. Os experimentos foram realizados em condições de campo e casa de vegetação. Em cada um deles, quatro isolados foram inoculados em 14 linhagens de feijoeiro-comum pelo método de inoculação “straw test” e a severidade nas plantas foi avaliada. Não se identificaram linhagens de feijão-comum com alto nível de resistência ao mofo-branco, e a maioria delas mostrou-se moderadamente resistente ao patógeno. Em geral, as cultivares BRS Campeiro, BRS Radiante, BRSMG Talismã e Ouro Negro destacam-se quanto à resistência. Na condição de campo, o isolado UFLA 3 discrimina bem as linhagens, enquanto, na casa de vegetação, UFLA 26 e UFLA 92 são os isolados mais agressivos. Além disso, de acordo com o estudo genético, a maior parte da variação encontrada pode ser atribuída à resistência horizontal, embora uma pequena parte esteja associada à resistência vertical.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lines to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the aggressiveness of the isolates, and the inheritance of resistance to white mold, under two environmental conditions. The experiments were carried out under field and greenhouse conditions. In each one, four isolates were inoculated in 14 common bean lines using the straw-test inoculation method and severity on plants. No common bean line with a high level of resistance to white mold was identified, and most of the lines were moderately resistant to the pathogen. In general, the BRS Campeiro, BRS Radiante, BRSMG Talismã, and Ouro Negro cultivars stand out for resistance. Under field conditions, the UFLA 3 isolate discriminates well the lines, while, under greenhouse conditions, UFLA 26 and UFLA 92 are the most aggressive isolates. Furthermore, according to the genetic study, most of the observed variation can be attributed to horizontal resistance, although a small part is associated with vertical resistance.

Resumo Os estudos sobre a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos têm tido como foco a competitividade a partir do alinhamento das empresas fornecedoras aos interesses estratégicos da empresa principal, tendo como pressuposto que esse alinhamento beneficia toda a cadeia. Nesta abordagem, ficam ocultos os interesses não atendidos dessas empresas fornecedoras ao se submeterem à subordinação da empresa principal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como a cadeia de suprimentos da indústria de máquinas agrícolas é gerenciada, tendo como categoria de análise a sociologia das ausências. A pesquisa, descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa, contou com a participação de seis entrevistados, executivos de empresas fornecedoras de implementos para as três principais empresas mundiais de máquinas agrícolas. Durante a pesquisa, relacionaram-se sete dimensões da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos com o procedimento macrossociológico de investigação da sociologia das ausências. Os resultados apontaram que a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos da indústria de máquinas agrícolas promove as cinco lógicas da não existência (monoculturas), colocando as empresas menores integrantes da cadeia de suprimentos em uma situação de ausência e ocultação, desconsiderando seus saberes e interesses.

Abstract Studies on supply chain management have been focused on competitiveness from the alignment of suppliers to the company's main strategic interests, with the assumption that this alignment benefits all chains. In this approach, unmet interests of these suppliers are hidden when submitted to the subordination of the main company. This work aimed to understand how the supply chain of the agricultural machinery industry is managed, with the sociology of absences as a category of analysis. This is a descriptive and qualitative approach research, with the participation of six respondents, executives of companies providing implements for the three main agricultural machinery companies in the world. During the research, we sought to connect seven dimensions of supply chain management with the macro-sociological procedure of investigation of the sociology of absences. The results showed that the supply chain management of the agricultural machinery industry promotes the five non-logical existence (monocultures), putting smaller companies' supply chain members in a situation of absence and concealment, disregarding their knowledge and interests.

RESUMEN El presente artículo propone la aplicación del instituto del whistleblowing en el caso del médico chino “Li Wenliang” por considerarlo whistleblower, debido a los alertas emitidos frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Ante la ausencia de protección y del silencio impuesto, se preguntó: ¿Qué condiciones jurídicas expresan el derecho de protección del médico que expuso voluntariamente los riesgos específicos de salud pública? Concluyese que el derecho a la protección del delator de buena fe respaldado por el instituto whistleblowing, corroborado por los derechos humanos, y garantizado por la cooperación internacional expresan las condiciones jurídicas necesarias para la solución del caso del médico chino. La metodología empleada se basó en el método deductivo, a partir del instituto whistleblowing, evaluar el caso de médico chino. El derecho de haber sido protegido por las autoridades chinas estaba legitimado por los derechos humanos y respaldados legalmente por whistleblowing, por ser un denunciante de riesgos específicos para la salud pública. El médico era detentor personalidad internacional, siendo, por lo tanto, consagrado como sujeto de derecho ante las instituciones internacionales, siendo legítima la exigencia de los derechos humanos como forma de impedir eventuales retaliaciones. Se concluye que el derecho a la protección es, compromiso de aspiración moral cuya validad jurídica y política dependen de cooperación internacional.

ABSTRACT This article proposes the application of the whistleblowing institute in the case of the Chinese medic Li Wenliang by considering him a whistleblower due to the alerts he emitted about the COVID-19 pandemic. In face of the absence of protection and the silence imposed on him the following was asked: Which judicial conditions express the right for protection to the the medic that voluntarily exposed the specific risks for public health? The article concludes that the right for protection for the informer in good faith is backed by the whistleblower figure, corroborated by Human Rights and guaranteed by international cooperation, thus expressing the necessary judicial conditions for solving the Chinese medic case. The methodology employed was based on the deductive approach; starting from the whistleblowing institute the case of the Chinese medic is then assessed. The right for protection by the Chinese authorities was legitimized by Human Rights and legally by the whistleblowing figure, for being an informer on specific risks for public health. The medic was a holder of international personality, being, thus, a subject of law in front of the international institutions eyes and being legitimate the demand for Human Rights as a way for impeding future retaliations. It is concluded that the right for protections is a compromise of moral aspiration which judicial and political validity depend on international cooperation.

RESUMO Este artigo propõe a aplicação do instituto do whistleblowing ao caso do médico chinês “Li Wenliang” por considerá-lo whistleblower, devido aos alertas emitidos em relação à pandemia de COVID-19. Em decorrência da ausência de proteção e do silêncio que lhe fora imposto, indagou-se: “Quais condições jurídicas expressam o direito de proteção do médico que relatou voluntariamente riscos específicos de saúde pública?” Infere-se que o direito à proteção do denunciante de boa-fé respaldado pelo instituto do whistleblowing, legitimado pelos direitos humanos, e garantido pela cooperação internacional expressam as condições jurídicas necessárias para a solução do caso do médico chinês. A metodologia utilizada consistiu no método dedutivo para a partir do instituto do whistleblowing avaliar o caso do médico chinês. O direito de ter sido protegido pelas autoridades chinesas estava legitimado pelos direitos humanos e respaldado legalmente pelo whistleblowing porque era um denunciante de riscos específicos para a saúde pública. O médico era detentor de personalidade internacional, sendo, portanto, consagrado como sujeito de direito perante as instituições internacionais, sendo legítima a exigência dos direitos humanos como forma de impedir eventuais retaliações. Conclui-se que o direito à proteção é, portanto, compromisso de aspiração moral cuja validade jurídica e política dependem da cooperação internacional.

Resumo A última década registrou o significativo aumento de empreendimentos coletivos de materiais recicláveis. Em Belo Horizonte, a ASMARE, vista como uma experiência pioneira, tornou-se referência na articulação de novas organizações. Contudo crises econômicas e alternâncias governamentais impactaram a organização. Neste sentido, este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a trajetória da ASMARE, evidenciando os limites e os desafios enfrentados em seu processo histórico de lutas e resistência. Em termos metodológicos, a abordagem qualitativa adotada englobou a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e a Análise de Conteúdo para a apreciação dos dados. Os resultados evidenciaram que a Associação enfrenta uma crise que não se restringe aos aspectos financeiros, uma vez que suas implicações têm impactado negativamente a formação política dos associados. Embora a cadeia de reciclagem brasileira seja reconhecida e admirada, contando com a atuação de várias empresas, associações e cooperativas, muitas vezes são os empresários e atravessadores que mais se beneficiam a partir de um ciclo vicioso de exploração do trabalho precarizado dos catadores. A trajetória de luta dos membros da ASMARE representa um importante marco para a história do movimento de catadores no Brasil, porém se depara com o constante desafio de sustentar as ações coletivas em uma sociedade marcada pela desigualdade e exclusão.

Abstract The past decade has seen a significant increase in collective ventures of recyclable materials. In Belo Horizonte, ASMARE, seen as a pioneering experience, has become a reference in the articulation of new organizations. However, economic crises and governmental alternations impacted the organization. In this sense, the article aims to analyze ASMARE’s trajectory, highlighting the limits and challenges faced in its historical process of struggles and resistance. In methodological terms, the qualitative approach adopted encompassed the performance of semi-structured interviews and Content Analysis to assess the data. The results showed that the Association faces a crisis that is not restricted to financial aspects since its implications resonate in the political formation of its members. Although the Brazilian recycling chain is recognized and admired, with the participation of several companies, associations, and cooperatives, it is often the entrepreneurs and middlemen who benefit most from a vicious cycle of exploitation of the precarious work of collectors. The struggle trajectory of ASMARE members represents an important milestone in the history of the waste pickers’ movement in Brazil; however, it comes up against the constant challenge of sustaining collective actions in a society marked by inequality and exclusion.

Resumen La última década ha visto un aumento significativo en las empresas colectivas de materiales reciclables. En Belo Horizonte, ASMARE, visto como una experiencia pionera, se ha convertido en una referencia en la articulación de nuevas organizaciones. Sin embargo, las crisis económicas y las alternancias gubernamentales afectaron a la organización. En este sentido, el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la trayectoria de ASMARE, destacando los límites y desafíos enfrentados en su proceso histórico de luchas y resistencia. En términos metodológicos, el enfoque cualitativo adoptado abarcó el desempeño de entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de contenido para evaluar los datos. Los resultados mostraron que la Asociación enfrenta una crisis que no se limita a los aspectos financieros, ya que sus implicaciones resuenan en la formación política de sus miembros. Si bien la cadena brasileña de reciclaje es reconocida y admirada, con la participación de varias empresas, asociaciones y cooperativas, a menudo son los empresarios e intermediarios los que más se benefician de un círculo vicioso de explotación del precario trabajo de los recolectores. La trayectoria de lucha de los miembros de ASMARE representa un hito importante en la historia del movimiento de recicladores en Brasil, sin embargo, se enfrenta al desafío constante de mantener acciones colectivas en una sociedad marcada por la desigualdad y la exclusión.