Abstract Background The development of rosacea is suggested to be closely associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and anxiety/depression. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is a key factor participating in lipid metabolism, which is also confirmed to regulate the inflammatory response. However, the associations of serum GLA levels with rosacea severity and psychological status still remain unclear. Objective and limitations of the study The present study aimed to investigate the associations of gamma linolenic acid (GLA), a key factor participating in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response, with rosacea severity and psychological status. The present study still had some limitations. First, this study is a cross-sectional study and does not provide longitudinal evidence about the relationship between GLA and rosacea; Second, the cohort in this study is also relatively small, and a larger cohort is needed in further investigation to reveal the potential role of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Methods A total of 62 rosacea patients were consecutively recruited. Patient’s Self-Assessment (PSA) scale and Clinician Erythema Assessment (CEA) as well as 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were conducted to evaluate the degree of erythema severity and anxiety/depression, respectively. Serum GLA levels were determined by gas chromatography mass. Results Lower levels of serum GLA in rosacea patients were observed (p < 0.001), and subgroup analysis revealed that patients with higher-level GLA had lower scores of PSA, CEA, GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis uncovered that serum GLA levels were negatively associated with PSA, CEA, GAD-7 as well and PHQ-9 scores, respectively. Linear regression model found that serum GLA levels at baseline were a predictive factor for prognosis of clinical outcomes after 1-month conventional treatment. Conclusion The present study indicates that lower levels of serum GLA in rosacea patients are negatively associated with the degree of erythema and anxiety/depression status. inflammation anxietydepression anxiety depression (GLA response However unclear GLA, , First crosssectional cross sectional Second small 6 recruited Patients s SelfAssessment Self PSA (PSA CEA (CEA 7item item 7 GAD7 GAD (GAD-7 9item 9 PHQ9 PHQ (PHQ-9 respectively mass p 0.001, 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) higherlevel higher level GAD- PHQ9. 9. Moreover PHQ- 1month month 1 treatment (GAD- (PHQ- 000 0.00 00 (GAD (PHQ 0.0 0.

RESUMO Introdução A intervenção de oxigênio hiperbárico tem um efeito importante na função do sistema oxidativo-antioxidante do corpo. Objetivo Verificar os efeitos de uma intervenção de oxigênio micro-hiperbárico de 4 semanas na função do sistema oxidante-antioxidante em atletas de skeleton. Métodos O grupo de teste foi submetido a uma intervenção de oxigênio micro-hiperbárico a 1,3 ATA de 4 semanas, 4 vezes por semana e o grupo controle passou por recuperação natural. Os níveis de malondialdeído (MDA), proteína carbonila (PC), superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GSH-PX), capacidade antioxidante total (T-AOC), uréia sanguínea (BU), creatina quinase (CK), testosterona (T) e cortisol (C) foram medidos na semana 0, semana 2 e semana 4 para ambos os grupos de atletas. Resultados MDA, PC e CK do grupo de teste foram significativamente menores do que os valores do grupo controle (p <0,05) na semana 4. SOD, CAT e T-AOC foram significativamente maiores no grupo de teste na semana 4 do que na semana 0 (p < 0,05) e significativamente maiores do que os valores para o grupo controle (p < 0,05). Conclusão A intervenção de oxigênio micro-hiperbárico de 4 semanas a 1,3 ATA reduziu significativamente os níveis de estresse oxidativo, aumentou a atividade enzimática antioxidante e reduziu os níveis de fadiga relacionada ao exercício nos atletas de skeleton. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Hyperbaric oxygen intervention has an important effect on the function of the body’s oxidation-antioxidant system. Objective To verify the effects of a 4-week micro-hyperbaric oxygen intervention on oxidation-antioxidation system function in skeleton athletes. Methods The experimental group underwent a 1.3 ATA HBO intervention for 4 weeks and the control group underwent natural recovery. The levels of MDA, PC, SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, T-AOC, BU, CK, T, and C of the two groups were measured at Week 0, Week 2, and Week 4. Results The MDA, PC, and CK of the Exp group were significantly lower than Con group (P < 0.05) in Week 4. The SOD, CAT, and T-AOC of the Exp group were significantly higher in Week 4 than in Week 0 (P < 0.05) and significantly higher than the Con group values (P < 0.05). Conclusions A four-week 1.3 ATA HBO intervention decreased the level of oxidative stress, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced the degree of exercise fatigue in skeleton athletes. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigating treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción La intervención con oxígeno hiperbárico tiene un efecto importante en la función del sistema oxidación-antioxidación del organismo. Objetivo Verificar los efectos de una intervención con oxígeno micro-hiperbárico durante 4 semanas en la función del sistema oxidación-antioxidación en atletas de skeleton. Métodos El grupo de prueba se sometió a una intervención con oxígeno micro-hiperbárico a 1,3 ATA durante 4 semanas, 4 veces a la semana, y el grupo de control se sometió a una recuperación natural. Se midieron los niveles de malondialdehído (MDA), carbonilo proteico (PC), superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT), glutatión peroxidasa (GSH-PX), capacidad antioxidante total (T-AOC), urea en sangre (BU), creatina quinasa (CK), testosterona (T), y cortisol (C) en la semana 0, en la semana 2 y en la semana 4 para ambos grupos de atletas. Resultados Los valores de MDA, CP y CK del grupo de prueba fueron significativamente inferiores a los del grupo de control (p <0,05) en la semana 4. Los valores de SOD, CAT y T-AOC fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de prueba en la semana 4 que en la semana 0 (p < 0,05) y significativamente mayores que los valores del grupo de control (p < 0,05) Conclusión: La intervención con oxígeno hiperbárico a 1,3 ATA durante 4 semanas redujo significativamente los niveles de estrés oxidativo, aumentó la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes y redujo los niveles de fatiga relacionada con el ejercicio en los atletas de skeleton. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapêuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) confers cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the precise mechanisms involved in RIPC-induced cardioprotection are not fully explored. The present study was aimed to identify the role of melatonin in RIPC-induced late cardioprotective effects in rats and to explore the role of H2S, TNF-α and mitoKATP in melatonin-mediated effects in RIPC. Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to RIPC in which hind limb was subjected to four alternate cycles of ischemia and reperfusion of 5 min duration by using a neonatal blood pressure cuff. After 24 h of RIPC or ramelteon-induced pharmacological preconditioning, hearts were isolated and subjected to IR injury on the Langendorff apparatus. Results: RIPC and ramelteon preconditioning protected the hearts from IR injury and it was assessed by a decrease in LDH-1, cTnT and increase in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP). RIPC increased the melatonin levels (in plasma), H2S (in heart) and decreased TNF-α levels. The effects of RIPC were abolished in the presence of melatonin receptor blocker (luzindole), ganglionic blocker (hexamethonium) and mitochondrial KATP blocker (5-hydroxydecanoic acid). Conclusions: RIPC produce delayed cardioprotection against IR injury through the activation of neuronal pathway, which may increase the plasma melatonin levels to activate the cardioprotective signaling pathway involving the opening of mitochondrial KATP channels, decrease in TNF-α production and increase in H2S levels. Ramelteon-induced pharmacological preconditioning may also activate the cardioprotective signaling pathway involving the opening of mitochondrial KATP channels, decrease in TNF-α production and increase in H2S levels. Purpose (RIPC (IR However RIPCinduced induced explored HS H S TNFα TNF α melatoninmediated mediated Methods cuff 2 ramelteoninduced apparatus Results LDH1, LDH1 LDH 1, 1 LDH-1 LVDP. LVDP . (LVDP) plasma, , plasma) heart luzindole, luzindole (luzindole) hexamethonium (hexamethonium 5hydroxydecanoic hydroxydecanoic acid. acid acid) Conclusions channels Ramelteoninduced Ramelteon LDH- (LVDP (luzindole

Abstract Pristimerin (Pri) was a kind of extraction from natural plant, and it has anti- inflammation effects in previous studies, however, it has been unclear that Pri’s effect in renal fibrosis treatment. The purpose of this research was to evaluate pristimerin (Pri) treatment effects in renal fibrosis and relative mechanisms in vivo study. Using UUO and TGF-β1 to make renal fibrosis rats and HK-2 cell fibrosis model. Evaluating renal tissues pathological and fibrosis by HE and Masson staining; measuring Scr and BUN concentrations of serum, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD and MDA concentrations by ELISA assay in serum and supernatant. Relative gene expressions were measured by RT-qPCR assay in renal tissues and cells and relative proteins expression by WB assay. Using Double luciferase assay to analysis correlation between miRNA-145-5p and TLR4. NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume were evaluated by cellular immunofluorescence. Scr, BUN, IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA concentrations were significantly increased and SOD concentration was significantly down-regulation (P < 0.001) in Model rats group; miRNA-145-5p gene expression was significantly depressed, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65) gene expressions were significantly increased (P < 0.001, respectively); with Pri supplement, the renal pathological, masson region, Scr, BUN, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD and MDA were significantly improved. In cell experiment, miRNA-145-5p play important role in Pri treatment of renal fibrosis by targeting TLR4. Pri could improve renal fibrosis by via regulation miRNA-145-5p to target TLR4.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a expressão diferencial das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica, curta e longa, e discernir suas implicações biológicas na gastroenterite eosinofílica. Métodos: Avaliamos a expressão das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica e suas duas isoformas através da técnica RT-PCR quantitativa em tecidos de controles saudáveis (n = 24) e pacientes com gastroenterite eosinofílica (n = 17). Resultados: Demonstramos que o RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica estava significativamente reduzido na gastroenterite eosinofílica em comparação com os controles saudáveis (p < 0,0001). Também descobrimos uma quantidade significativamente menor de RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica curta na gastroenterite eosinofílica em comparação com os controles (p < 0,05) e uma quantidade significativamente maior de RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica longa na gastroenterite eosinofílica em comparação com os controles (p < 0,05). O pico da contagem eosinofílica está correlacionado positiva e significativamente com a expressão do RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica longa na mucosa gastrointestinal de pacientes com gastroenterite eosinofílica (rs = 0,623, p < 0,005), enquanto o pico de contagem eosinofílica está negativa e significativamente correlacionado com a expressão do RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica curta na mucosa gastrointestinal de pacientes com gastroenterite eosinofílica (rs = -0,4474, p < 0,05). Conclusões: A expressão anormal das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica na mucosa pode contribuir para o dano da mucosa gastrointestinal na gastroenterite eosinofílica.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the differential expression of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin isoforms, short and long, and discern their biological implications under eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Methods: The expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and its two isoforms in tissues was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR in healthy controls (n = 24) and patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (n = 17). Results: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA was significantly reduced in eosinophilic gastroenteritis when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.0001). A significantly lower amount of short thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA was observed in eosinophilic gastroenteritis when compared with controls (p < 0.05), while a significantly higher amount of long thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA was observed in eosinophilic gastroenteritis when compared with controls (p < 0.05). Peak eosinophilic count is significantly positively correlated with the expression of long thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA in the gastrointestinal mucosal of patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (r s = 0.623, p < 0.005), while peak eosinophilic count is significantly negatively correlated with the expression of short thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA in the gastrointestinal mucosal of patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (r s = −0.4474, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Abnormal mucosal thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression may contribute to gastrointestinal mucosa damage in eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

A kind of novel anti-wear Ni-TiC composite coatings was deposited successfully on 42CrMo steel by pulsed electrodeposition method with various TiC particles concentration. The effect of TiC concentration on morphologies and properties of Ni-TiC composite coatings were investigated and the optimum concentration of TiC particle was obtained. Results demonstrate that TiC particles were distributed uniformly in the Ni-based coatings and Ni-TiC composite coatings consisted of refined nickel nanocrystalline size. When the TiC particles concentration was 32 g/L, the highest volume percentage of TiC particles with 23.9 Vol.% and maximum micro-indentation hardness of the Ni-TiC composite coatings with 475 HV were achieved. Ni-TiC composite coatings show significant improvement in wear resistance in comparison with TiC free Ni-P coating.

In 1996, China adopted a virological classification of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases for its surveillance system. Only AFP cases with wild poliovirus in stool specimens are confirmed as polio. Cases with adequate stool specimens that are negative for wild poliovirus are not counted. This paper describes a methodology to rule out poliomyelitis in AFP cases with inadequate stool specimens. National surveillance data were analysed using dot maps to detect clusters of AFP cases with high-risk factors for poliomyelitis. The surveillance system and vaccine coverage were assessed during field investigations. Four clusters of AFP cases were identified, but no poliomyelitis cases. Programmatic failures in the identified high-risk areas included low vaccination rates, poor stool specimen collection and inadequate AFP surveillance. Programme strategies were implemented to correct the identified failures. Use of this methodology provides strong evidence consistent with the absence of wild poliovirus in China.

Los esfuerzos desplegados en China para erradicar la poliomielitis han tenido mucho éxito, habiéndose notificado en septiembre de 1994 el último caso de poliovirus salvaje. Desde 1995, la vigilancia de la parálisis fláccida aguda (PFA) ha sido muy eficaz, y se han logrado tasas de detección de la PFA de más de 1,0 por 100 000 niños menores de 15 años. En 1996, el Ministerio de Salud de China adoptó para los casos de PFA el sistema de clasificación virológica recomendado por la OMS, en sustitución del sistema de clasificación clínica utilizado desde 1991. Con los nuevos criterios virológicos, la confirmación definitiva de un caso de poliomielitis a partir de los casos de PFA notificados depende de que se aísle poliovirus salvaje en el laboratorio. Sólo se confirman como casos de poliomielitis los casos de PFA con presencia de poliovirus en las muestras fecales; aquellos otros en los que no se detecta poliovirus salvaje en muestras fecales de características adecuadas se descartan y no se consideran casos de poliomielitis. Los casos de PFA cuyas muestras fecales son inadecuadas y negativas para el poliovirus salvaje, que tienen parálisis residual, que fallecen o con los que se pierde el contacto durante el seguimiento, se clasifican como «poliocompatibles». En el presente artículo se expone un método de análisis del 18% de los casos de PFA chinos clasificados como poliocompatibles en 1997, a fin de descartar la poliomielitis. Debe considerarse que los casos de PFA poliocompatibles se deben a fallos de la vigilancia; las investigaciones basadas en esta metodología pueden acompañarse de medidas para mejorar la vigilancia. Se analizaron los datos nacionales de vigilancia utilizando mapas de puntos para identificar los conglomerados de casos de PFA poliocompatibles con factores de alto riesgo de poliomielitis. Durante las investigaciones de campo se evaluaron el sistema de vigilancia y la cobertura de vacunación. De los 4771 casos de PFA notificados en China en 1997, 57 (1,2%) se clasificaron como casos de PFA poliocompatibles con factores de alto riesgo según los criterios utilizados en este estudio. Entre ellos se identificaron cuatro conglomerados en cinco distritos de tres provincias, pero no hubo casos de poliomielitis confirmada. Las búsquedas activas realizadas en los historiales de los dispensarios de médicos de aldea y en hospitales comarcales y cantonales revelaron siete casos de PFA que no habían sido notificados. En los distritos afectados, la tasa de PFA no poliomielítica por 100 000 menores de 15 años era superior a la tasa nacional (2,9 y 1,6, respectivamente). Los datos de la vigilancia de la PFA en esos distritos estaban incompletos o eran inexactos. Se obtuvieron muestras fecales adecuadas en el 68% de los casos de PFA. En las zonas investigadas, la cobertura sistemática mediana con tres o más dosis de vacuna oral contra la poliomielitis antes de cumplir un año de edad fue del 49% (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 35%-96%), con una cobertura inferior al 80% en seis de las nueve zonas. Los fallos del programa registrados en las zonas identificadas como de alto riesgo (tasas de vacunación bajas, obtención defectuosa de muestras fecales, vigilancia inadecuada de la PFA), fueron corregidos aplicando las estrategias programáticas adecuadas. La utilización de esta metodología aporta pruebas firmes que son coherentes con la ausencia de poliovirus salvaje en China.

En Chine, les efforts d’éradication de la poliomyélite ont été couronnés de succès, le dernier poliovirus sauvage ayant été isolé en septembre 1994. Depuis 1995, la surveillance de la paralysie flasque aiguë (PFA) a très bien fonctionné, avec des taux de détection de plus de 1,0 pour 100 000 enfants de moins de 15 ans. En 1996, le Ministère chinois de la Santé a adopté le système de classification virologique des cas de PFA recommandé par l’OMS, venu remplacer le système de classification clinique en usage depuis 1991. Avec ces nouveaux critères virologiques, la confirmation définitive d’un cas de poliomyélite à partir des cas de PFA notifiés repose sur l’isolement du poliovirus sauvage au laboratoire. Seuls les cas de PFA pour lesquels on retrouve dans les échantillons de selles la présence de poliovirus sauvage sont des cas de poliomyélite confirmés; pour ceux dont les échantillons de selles ont été recueillis dans de bonnes conditions et ne montrent pas la présence de poliovirus sauvage, le diagnostic de poliomyélite est écarté. Les cas de PFA pour lesquels les échantillons de selles n’ont pas été recueillis dans de bonnes conditions et ne montrent pas la présence de poliovirus sauvage, qui se caractérisent par une paralysie résiduelle, le décès des patients ou le fait que ces derniers ont été perdus de vue, sont classés comme étant compatibles avec la poliomyélite. Dans cet article, on trouvera une méthodologie permettant d’écarter un diagnostic de poliomyélite applicable à l’analyse des 18% de cas de PFA rangés dans la catégorie des cas compatibles avec la poliomyélite en 1997 en Chine. Les cas de PFA compatibles avec la poliomyélite doivent être considérés comme des échecs de la surveillance; les études menées avec cette méthodologie peuvent être accompagnées de mesures visant à améliorer la surveillance. Les données nationales de la surveillance ont été analysées au moyen de cartes de points servant à déceler les groupes de cas de PFA compatibles avec la poliomyélite comportant des facteurs de risque importants. Le système de surveillance et la couverture vaccinale ont été évalués au cours d’études sur le terrain. Sur les 4771 cas de PFA notifiés en Chine en 1997, 57 (1,2 %) ont été rangés dans la catégorie des cas de PFA compatibles avec la poliomyélite et comportant des facteurs de risque importants d’après les critères retenus dans cette étude. Parmi eux, on a recensé quatre groupes de cas situés dans cinq districts de trois provinces, mais aucun cas de poliomyélite n’a été confirmé. Des recherches actives dans les dossiers médicaux des médecins de village et des hôpitaux municipaux ou de district ont permis de découvrir sept cas de PFA supplémentaires qui n’avaient pas été notifiés. Le taux de PFA non poliomyélitique pour 100 000 enfants de moins de 15 ans dans les districts touchés était supérieur au taux national, à savoir 2,9 contre 1,6. Les données de la surveillance de la PFA dans ces districts étaient incomplètes ou inexactes. Des échantillons de selles prélevés dans de bonnes conditions ont été obtenus pour 68% des cas de PFA. La couverture médiane par au moins trois doses de VPO avant l’âge d’un an dans les régions étudiées était de 49% (intervalle de confiance à 95 %, 35-96) et inférieure à 80% dans six des neuf zones étudiées. Dans les régions à haut risque ainsi recensées, les défaillances des programmes tels les faibles taux de vaccination, le recueil des échantillons de selles dans de mauvaises conditions et la surveillance insuffisante de la PFA ont été corrigées en mettant en œuvre des stratégies appropriées. L’application de cette méthodologie laisse donc fortement à penser que le poliovirus sauvage est absent en Chine.