RESUMO Introdução: Atualmente, as atividades físicas tornaram-se uma importante forma das pessoas aperfeiçoarem seu condicionamento físico. A corrida é considerada uma opção de exercício com baixo investimento, baixo consumo e sem restrições de espaço. Ela pode desempenhar um papel na aptidão física, no entretenimento e na comunicação. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto das atividades de corrida sobre a aptidão física dos atletas. Métodos: Atletas voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (grupos experimentais e grupos de controle). O grupo experimental realizou atividades de corrida durante oito semanas enquanto o grupo de controle não participava da corrida. Foram registrados os indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos fundamentais, tais como altura, peso, pressão arterial, lipídios no sangue, etc. Os dados foram coletados e processados segundo o método de estatística matemática para analisar os dados. Resultados: Não há diferença significativa em altura após o experimento (P>0,05). O valor da curva de peso corporal foi alterado após o incremento do exercício de corrida (P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa no tamanho do busto entre os dois testes (P>0,05). A circunferência da cintura, circunferência do quadril e circunferência dos membros superiores foram significativamente diferentes depois do teste (P<0,05). A pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca dos sujeitos antes e depois do teste foram significativamente diferentes, proporcional às alterações da capacidade vital média (P<0,01). Conclusão: O treinamento de corrida de longo prazo gera impactos sobre a saúde física e mental dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nowadays, physical activities have become an important way for people to improve their physical fitness. Running is considered to be an exercise option with low investment, low consumption, and no space restrictions. It can play a role in physical fitness, entertainment, and communication. Objective: Analyze the impact of running activities on athletes’ physical fitness. Methods: Volunteer athletes were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control groups). The experimental group performed running activities for eight weeks while the control group did not participate in running. Key physiological and biochemical indicators such as height, weight, blood pressure, blood lipids, etc. were recorded. The data were collected and processed according to the mathematical statistics method to analyze the data. Results: There is no significant difference in height after the experiment (P>0.05). The value of body weight curve was changed after the increment of running exercise (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in bust size between the two tests (P>0.05). Waist circumference, hip circumference and upper limb circumference were significantly different after the test (P<0.05). The subjects’ blood pressure and heart rate before and after the test were significantly different, proportional to the changes in mean vital capacity (P<0.01). Conclusion: Long-term running training impacts athletes’ physical and mental health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: En la actualidad, las actividades físicas se han convertido en un medio importante para que las personas mejoren su estado físico. Correr se considera una opción de ejercicio con baja inversión, bajo consumo y sin restricciones de espacio. Puede desempeñar un papel en la forma física, el entretenimiento y la comunicación. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de las actividades de carrera en la condición física de los atletas. Métodos: Los atletas voluntarios fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos (grupo experimental y grupo de control). El grupo experimental realizó actividades de carrera durante ocho semanas, mientras que el grupo de control no participó en la carrera. Se registraron indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos clave como la altura, el peso, la presión arterial, los lípidos en sangre, etc. Los datos se recogieron y se procesaron según el método estadístico matemático para analizarlos. Resultados: No hay diferencias significativas en la altura después del experimento (P>0,05). El valor de la curva de peso corporal se modificó tras el incremento del ejercicio de carrera (P<0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en el tamaño del busto entre las dos pruebas (P>0,05). La circunferencia de la cintura, la circunferencia de la cadera y la circunferencia de los miembros superiores fueron significativamente diferentes después de la prueba (P<0,05). La presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca de los sujetos antes y después de la prueba fueron significativamente diferentes, proporcionales a los cambios en la capacidad vital media (P<0,01). Conclusión: El entrenamiento de carrera a largo plazo genera impactos en la salud física y mental de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

How to deal with the ever more complex religious relationships is not only a significant issue for Chinese central government and the Communist Party but also a cutting-edge topic for the religious academy at home and abroad. Based on the review of the latest internationally acknowledged four theoretical orientations, namely religious market model, religious ecological model, religious compatibilism, and religious praxism, this article proposes an innovated framework, positive orientating theory of Chinese religious relations. The author intends to explore more active thoughts on theories and policies that would particularly reflect on and align with the typical characteristics of religious relationships in Chinese context. CONTRIBUTION: Based on the review of the latest internationally acknowledged four theoretical orientations, namely religious market model, religious ecological model, religious compatibilism, and religious praxism, this article proposes an innovated framework, positive orientating theory of Chinese religious relations.

Abstract In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of altitude on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation of different colors of Anemone obtusiloba in populations. The variations of reproductive ingredient and sex allocation of three colors of Anemone obtusiloba in different four altitudinal gradients at the eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau were examined. Our results showed that with the increased altitude, gynoecium/flower, androceium/flower and gynoecium/individual were increased, but androceium/individual, gynoecium number/flower, androceium number/flower, gynoecium number/ individual and androceium number/individual in three flower color of Anemone obtusiloba were decreased. Besides, male allocation and ♂/♀ were also decreased, which showed female-biased sex allocation. Furthermore, in the four altitudinal gradients, the individual size of same color was positively correlated with reproductive ingredient, and altitude had a direct impact on size-dependent reproductive ingredient. However, there were not certain correlations between male allocation, ♂/♀ and individual size in the same color of Anemone obtusiloba. Moreover, in the four altitudinal gradients, the reproductive investment of same color was positively correlated with gynoecium and androceium, but there were not certain correlations between male allocation, ♂/♀ and reproductive investment. In conclusion, altitude had a significant effect on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation in different colors of Anemone obtusiloba. Different colors of Anemone obtusiloba all increased of female function with the increased altitude. However, there were difference in influence mechanism of altitude on size-dependent reproductive ingredient and distribution between female and male function of resource.

Abstract Introduction: The thoracoscopic procedure for tricuspid valve (TV) diseases is a minimally invasive method of treatment. This study focuses on comparing the changes in postoperative inflammatory reaction and myocardial injury markers after thoracoscopic and sternotomy/thoracotomy TV procedures. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 88 patients (53 males, aged 50.9±16.2 years) with TV diseases (single-valve disease) (72 cases of TV plasty) between January 2018 and April 2019. A total of 56 patients underwent thoracoscopic procedure (50 cases of TV plasty). The leukocyte and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were monitored as indicators of systemic inflammatory reaction. The lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase myocardial band, aspartate aminotransferase, and troponin-T levels were recorded as markers of myocardial injury. Results: The CRP and white blood cells levels of patients in the sternotomy approach group were continuously higher than those in patients in the thoracoscopic approach group. And the levels of myocardial enzymes in patients in the thoracoscopic approach group were significantly lower than those in patients in the sternotomy approach group. Conclusion: Compared with sternotomy/thoracotomy procedures on TV, the thoracoscopic procedure can reduce postoperative myocardial injury significantly and systemic inflammatory reaction to a certain extent. It is technically feasible, safe, effective, and worthy of widespread adoption in clinical practice.

Abstract Purpose: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (Ml/R) injury is a leading cause of damage in cardiac tissues, with high rates of mortality and disability. Biochanin A (BCA) is a main constituent of Trifolium pratense L. This study was intended to explore the effect of BCA on Ml/R injury and explore the potential mechanism. Methods: In vivo MI/R injury was established by transient coronary ligation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (TTC) was used to measure myocardial infarct size. ELISA assay was employed to evaluate the levels of myocardial enzyme and inflammatory cytokines. Western blot assay was conducted to detect related protein levels in myocardial tissues. Results: BCA significantly ameliorated myocardial infarction area, reduced the release of myocardial enzyme levels including aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). It also decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and TNF-α) in serum of Ml/R rats. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that BCA inhibited inflammatory reaction through blocking TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Conclusion: The present study is the first evidence demonstrating that BCA attenuated Ml/R injury through suppressing TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 signaling pathway-mediated anti-inflammation pathway.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw augmented with polymethylmethacrylate in osteoporotic spinal surgery. METHODS: This study included 128 patients with osteoporosis (BMD T-score −3.2±1.9; range, −5.4 to -2.5) who underwent spinal decompression and instrumentation with a polymethylmethacrylate-augmented bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw. Postoperative Visual Analogue Scale scores and the Oswestry Disability Index were compared with preoperative values. Postoperative plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed immediately after surgery; at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months; and annually thereafter. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 42.4±13.4 months (range, 23 to 71 months). A total of 418 polymethylmethacrylate-augmented bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws were used. Cement extravasations were detected in 27 bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws (6.46%), mainly in cases of vertebral fracture, without any clinical sequela. The postoperative low back and lower limb Visual Analogue Scale scores were significantly reduced compared with the preoperative scores (<0.01), and similar results were noted for the Oswestry Disability Index score (p<0.01). No significant screw migration was noted at the final follow-up relative to immediately after surgery (p<0.01). All cases achieved successful bone fusion, and no case required revision. No infection or blood clots occurred after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The polymethylmethacrylate-augmented bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw is safe and effective for use in osteoporotic patients who require spinal instrumentation.

Abstract Chemical-looping combustion (CLC), which has the characteristic of greenhouse gas CO2 inherent separation, is a novel combustion technology. In this study, CLC experiments of methane using CaSO4 oxygen carrier with lime addition were carried out in a batched fluidized bed reactor, where the sample was exposed to alternate oxidizing and reducing conditions. The influences of temperature, calcium-to-sulphur ratio and lime particle size on the conversion of CaSO4 and sulfur capture were investigated and a suitable operation condition was determined. Under the optimal operation condition, a multi-cycle test was performed to evaluate the cyclic redox behavior of the lime-promoted CaSO4 sample. X-ray diffraction and a field emission scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the phase and surface morphology of the samples used. The results show that the addition of lime could improve the conversion rate of CaSO4 and the capture efficiency of sulfur-containing gases. The operation conditions of calcium-to-sulfur ratio 0.8, lime particle size of 180-250 μm and operation temperature of 900 °C turned out to be the optimal conditions. Besides, the average desulphurization rate of lime was up to 78.77% during the cyclic test.

ABSTRACT Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl., Gentianaceae, a traditional Tibetan medicine, was used for the treatment of liver jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, as well as for headache and chronic pharyngitis. A rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography, photodiode array detector, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was developed for the fast and accurate identification and quantification of the chemical constituents of G. veitchiorum. In fact, eighteen compounds were detected and identified on the basis of their mass spectra, fragment characteristics and comparison with published data. Especially, the MS fragmentation pathways of iridoid glycosides and flavone C-glycosides were illustrated. Five compounds among them were quantified by UHPLC-PDA, including swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, isoorientin, and isovitexin. The proposed method was then validated based on the analyses of linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The overall recoveries for the five analytes ranged from 96.54% to 100.81%, with RSD from 1.05% to 1.82%. In addition, ten batches of G. veitchiorum from different areas were also analyzed. The developed method was rapid and reliable for both identification and quantification of the chemical constituents of G. veitchiorum, especially for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of iridoid glycosides and flavone C-glycosides.

OBJECTIVES: Herniated discs and degenerative disc disease are major health problems worldwide. However, their pathogenesis remains obscure. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of these ailments and to identify underlying therapeutic targets. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the GSE23130 microarray datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, differentially co-expressed genes and links were identified using the differentially co-expressed gene and link method with a false discovery rate ,0.25 as a significant threshold. Subsequently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the differential co-expression of these genes were investigated using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. In addition, the transcriptional regulatory relationship was also investigated. RESULTS: Through the analysis of the gene expression profiles of different specimens from patients with these diseases, 539 differentially co-expressed genes were identified for these ailments. The ten most significant signaling pathways involving the differentially co-expressed genes were identified by enrichment analysis. Among these pathways, apoptosis and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathways have been reported to be related to these diseases. A total of 62 pairs of regulatory relationships between transcription factors and their target genes were identified as critical for the pathogenesis of these diseases. CONCLUSION: The results of our study will help to identify the mechanisms responsible for herniated discs and degenerative disc disease and provides a theoretical basis for further therapeutic study.

A series of three new benzohydrazone compounds, C18H21N3O3 (1), C19H23N3O3 (2), and C18H20ClN3O2 (3), derived from the condensation of 4-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde with 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide, 4-methoxybenzohydrazide, and 4-chlorobenzohydrazide, respectively, in methanol, were prepared. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, ¹H NMR spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) with unit cell dimensions a = 6.2656(6) Å, b = 21.873(2) Å, c = 6.6362(7) Å, β = 114.025(2)°, V = 830.70(15) ų, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0323 and wR2 = 0.0784. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with unit cell dimensions a = 13.8966(17) Å, b = 13.1402(15) Å, c = 9.8043(12) Å, β = 90.768(2)°, V = 1790.1(4) ų, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0670 and wR2 = 0.1671. Compound 3 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell dimensions a = 9.884(2) Å, b = 11.781(3) Å, c = 15.990(4) Å, α = 95.916(5)°, β = 99.520(5)°, γ = 104.147(4)°,V = 1760.5(7) ų, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0698 and wR2 = 0.1250. Crystal structures of the compounds are stabilized by hydrogen bonds and π · π stacking interactions. The preliminary antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans were assayed.

Extracellular Ca2+ influx was blocked by L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine to observe the effects of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid on the constriction of rabbit pulmonary artery rings and on the changes of Ca2+ level in the rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and further to investigate the mechanism of the calcium mobilization induced by the 15-HETE under hypoxic conditions. The effect of extracellular Ca2+ on tension of the rabbit PA rings was also studied. Nifedipine (10 µ mol/L) had no effect on 1 µ mol/L 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid induced vasoconstriction under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Intracellular Ca2+ increased markedly in the 15-HETE group (cells were exposed to 1 µ mol/L 15-HETE for 8 min during culture) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The study demonstrated that the 15-HETE could induce the elevation of Ca2+ in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and the elevated calcium came from the release of the intracellular calcium.