RESUMO Introdução O arranque pertence ao grupo de exercício de combinação rápida envolvendo potência e velocidade dominado pela exaustão a curto prazo da potência de todo o corpo objetivando seu deslocamento em alta velocidade a fim de obter bons resultados na competição. É muito importante dominar a técnica corretamente e distribuir a energia razoavelmente para a aceleração do arranque. Objetivo Explorar o efeito do treinamento de resistência aeróbica sobre a força da velocidade em arranques. Métodos Tomando 16 corredores de alto nível de uma equipe esportiva universitária como objetos de pesquisa, 16 atletas foram testados, de acordo com seus indicadores de teste, eles foram designados aleatoriamente ao grupo experimental e ao grupo de controle (8 pessoas no grupo experimental e 8 no grupo de controle). Resultados De acordo com os resultados do pós-teste do experimento, o desempenho atlético dos dois grupos de corredores após o treinamento foi melhorado, mas a melhoria no grupo experimental foi mais evidente e significativa (p<0,05). Conclusão O treinamento de resistência aeróbica para arranque é muito útil para a melhoria da resistência e velocidade dos atletas corredores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Start-up belongs to the group of fast combination exercises involving power and speed dominated by the short-term exhaustion of the whole body’s power aiming at its displacement at high speed to obtain good results in competition. It is very important to master the technique correctly and to distribute the power reasonably for the acceleration of the start. Objective Explore the effect of aerobic endurance training on speed strength in starts. Methods Taking 16 high-level runners from a university sports team as research objects, 16 athletes were tested according to their test indicators; they were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group (8 people each in the experimental group and the control group). Results According to the post-test results of the experiment, the athletic performance of both groups of runners after training was improved, but the improvement in the experimental group was more evident and significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Start-up aerobic endurance training is very useful for improving endurance and speed in runners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El arranque pertenece al grupo de ejercicios combinados rápidos de potencia y velocidad dominados por el agotamiento a corto plazo de la potencia de todo el cuerpo con el objetivo de su desplazamiento en alta velocidad para obtener buenos resultados en la competición. Es muy importante dominar la técnica correctamente y distribuir la energía razonablemente para la aceleración de la salida. Objetivo Explorar el efecto del entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica sobre la fuerza de velocidad en las salidas. Métodos Tomando como objeto de investigación a 16 corredores de alto nivel de un equipo deportivo universitario, se realizaron pruebas a 16 atletas que, según sus indicadores de prueba, fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo experimental y al grupo de control (8 personas en el grupo experimental y 8 en el grupo de control). Resultados Según los resultados de la prueba posterior al experimento, el rendimiento atlético de ambos grupos de corredores después del entrenamiento mejoró, pero la mejora en el grupo experimental fue más evidente y significativa (p<0,05). Conclusión El entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica de arranque es muy útil para mejorar la resistencia y la velocidad de los corredores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Accurate coronary measurements are important in guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. Intravascular ultrasound is a widely accepted diagnostic modality for coronary measurement before percutaneous coronary intervention. The spatial resolution of optical coherence tomography is 10 times larger than that of intravascular ultrasound. The objective of the study was to compare quantitative and qualitative parameters of frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) with those of intravascular ultrasound and coronary angiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Diagnostic parameters of coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and FDOCT of 250 patients with coronary artery disease who required admission diagnosis were included in the analyses. Minimum lumen diameter detected by FDOCT was larger than that detected by quantitative coronary angiography (2.11±0.1 vs 1.89±0.09 mm, P<0.0001, q=34.67) but smaller than that detected by intravascular ultrasound (2.11±0.1 vs 2.19±0.11 mm, P<0.0001, q=12.61). Minimum lumen area detected by FDOCT was smaller than that detected by intravascular ultrasound (3.41±0.01 vs 3.69±0.01 mm2, P<0.0001). FDOCT detected higher numbers of thrombus, tissue protrusion, dissection, and incomplete stent apposition than those detected by intravascular ultrasound (P<0.0001 for all). More accurate and sensitive results of the coronary lumen can be detected by FDOCT than coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (level of evidence: III).

Abstract Background: Non-canonical Wnt pathways play important roles in liver fibrosis. Notum is a newly discovered inhibitor to Wnt proteins. This study was to investigate anti-fibrotic effects of Notum. Methods: 53 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as well as a cell co-culture system of LX-2 and Hep AD38 cells were engaged in this study. Clinical, biological and virological data of each patient were analyzed. Cell viability was detected at different time points. mRNA and protein levels of NFATc1 (Nuclear factor of activated T-cells), Jnk, α-SMA, Col1A1 and TIMP-1 were detected both in LX-2 and liver tissue. Protein levels of NFATc1 and Jnk in liver tissue and their correlations with fibrosis score were analyzed. Results: Hepatitis B virus replication up-regulated Wnt5a induced NFATc1 and Jnk activity in Hep AD38. Notum suppressed NFATc1, Jnk and fibrosis genes expression, reduced cell viability in co-cultured LX-2 cells induced by HBV. Interestingly, Patients with HBV DNA > 5log copies/ml had higher mRNA levels of NFATc1 and fibrosis genes than patients with HBV DNA < 5log copies/ml. Most importantly, protein expressions of NFATc1 and pJnk have positive correlations with liver fibrosis scores in HBV-infected patients. Conclusions: Our data showed that Notum inhibited HBV-induced liver fibrosis through down-regulating Wnt 5a mediated non-canonical pathways. This study shed light on anti-fibrotic treatment.

ABSTRACT Photosynthesis is the basis of maize (Zea mays L.) grain formation. To further understand the genetic basis of maize photosynthetic parameters and clarify the relationship between maize photosynthetic parameters and grain yield (GY), identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying photosynthetic parameters and GY plays an important role in improving maize yield. In this study, a set of 260 maize accessions from different geographic origins were evaluated across three developmental stages in 2 yr to identify QTLs for photosynthetic parameters and grain yield using 2824 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via genome-wide association analysis. The analysis revealed that maize photosynthetic parameters are substantially correlated with GY at different developmental stages. Fourteen SNPs associated with photosynthetic parameters and GY were detected at the threshold of P ≤ 0.001 in 2 yr as well as over years. Moreover, PZE-102116144 and SYN35048 associated with stomatal conductance (gs), and PZE-101152541 associated with photosynthetic rate (PN), were identified at different developmental stages. Four loci were co-associated with two or more traits, such as PZE-101152541 was significantly co-associated with GY and PN (at 25 and 35 d after pollination [DAP]), PZE-102116144 with GY, gs (at 15 and 25 DAP), and PN (at 25 DAP), PZE-109061997 with intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) (at 25 DAP) and transpiration rate (Tr) (at 25 DAP), PZE-110019199 with gs (at 25 DAP) and GY. Based on functional annotations, two genes were considered as potential candidate genes for the identified SNPs (PZE-101152541 and PZE-109016787). The SNPs and candidate genes identified in this study might provide instrumental information for understanding the genetic mechanism of maize photosynthetic parameters and yield.

Salt stress is one of the severest growth limited-factors to agriculture production. To gain in-depth knowledge of salt-stress response mechanisms, the proteomics analysis from two maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines was carried out using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). There were 57 salt-regulated proteins identified, 21 and 36 proteins were differentially regulated in inbred lines ’Nongda 1145’ (salt-resistant) and ’D340’ (salt-sensitive), respectively. The identified proteins were distributed in 11 biological processes and seven molecular functions. Under salt stress, proteins related to antioxidation and lignin synthesis were increased in both inbred lines. The relative abundance of proteins involved in translation initiation, elongation, and protein proteolysis increased in ’Nongda 1145’ and decreased in ’D340’. In addition, the abundance of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, protein refolding, ATP synthase and transcription differed between the two inbred lines. Our results suggest that the enhanced ability of salt-tolerant inbred line ’Nongda 1145’ to combat salt stress occurs via regulation of transcription factors promoting increased antioxidation and lignin biosynthesis, enhanced energy production, and acceleration of protein translation and protein proteolysis.