Abstract Objective: To examine the mental health status and related factors in children and adolescents, and to assess age groups and sexes differences in factors influencing mental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on Chinese children aged 6-18 years from November 2021 to January 2022. Mental health difficulties were accessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with mental health status. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the scores of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of mental health difficulties was 12.98% (n =1348). Age (OR, 0.909, [95%CI, 0.830-0.996]), sex (OR, 1.424, [95%CI, 1.033-1.963]) and screen time on weekdays (“≥2” h/d vs “< 1” h/d: OR, 2.001, [95%CI, 1.300-3.080]) were related factors for mental health difficulties. For children (year ≤ 12), the strongest related factor for mental health difficulties was screen time on weekdays (“≥ 2” h/d vs “< 1” h/d: OR, 1.821 [95%CI, 1.203-2.755]). The risk of mental health difficulties in females with ≥ 2 h/d screen time on weekends was 3.420 times higher than those with < 1 h/d (OR, 3.420, [95%CI, 1.923-6.081]). Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health difficulties among children and adolescents was relatively high. The lower age, female sex and excessive screen time were associated with a higher risk of mental health difficulties. The factors influencing mental health varied by different age groups and sexes. Thus, specific measures for different age groups and sexes should be adopted to mitigate the impact. Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional 618 6 18 6-1 202 2022 Questionnaire Results 1298 12 98 12.98 n =1348. 1348 =1348 . =1348) OR (OR 0909 0 909 0.909 95%CI, 95CI CI 95 [95%CI 0.8300.996, 08300996 0.830 0.996 , 830 996 0.830-0.996]) 1424 424 1.424 1.0331.963 10331963 1.033 1.963 033 963 1.033-1.963] ≥2 (“≥2 hd h d “ 2001 001 2.001 1.3003.080 13003080 1.300 3.080 300 3 080 1.300-3.080] year 12, 12) (“ 1821 821 1.82 1.2032.755. 12032755 1.203 2.755 203 755 1.203-2.755]) 3420 420 3.42 1.9236.081. 19236081 1.923 6.081 923 081 1.923-6.081]) Conclusion high Thus impact 61 6- 20 129 9 12.9 134 =134 090 90 0.90 95%CI 8300 0.8300.996 0830099 0830 0.83 0996 0.99 83 99 0.830-0.996] 142 42 1.42 0331 1.0331.96 1033196 1033 1.03 1963 1.96 03 96 1.033-1.963 200 00 2.00 3003 1.3003.08 1300308 1300 1.30 3080 3.08 30 08 1.300-3.080 ( 182 82 1.8 2032 1.2032.755 1203275 1203 1.20 2755 2.75 75 1.203-2.755] 342 3.4 9236 1.9236.081 1923608 1923 1.92 6081 6.08 92 1.923-6.081] 12. 13 =13 09 0.9 0.8300.99 083009 083 0.8 099 8 0.830-0.996 14 4 1.4 1.0331.9 103319 103 1.0 196 1.9 1.033-1.96 2.0 1.3003.0 130030 130 1.3 308 3.0 1.300-3.08 1. 1.2032.75 120327 120 1.2 275 2.7 7 1.203-2.755 34 3. 1.9236.08 192360 192 608 6.0 1.923-6.081 =1 0. 0.8300.9 08300 0.830-0.99 1.0331. 10331 10 19 1.033-1.9 2. 1.3003. 13003 1.300-3.0 1.2032.7 12032 27 1.203-2.75 1.9236.0 19236 60 6. 1.923-6.08 = 0.8300. 0.830-0.9 1.0331 1.033-1. 1.3003 1.300-3. 1.2032. 1.203-2.7 1.9236. 1.923-6.0 0.8300 0.830-0. 1.033-1 1.300-3 1.2032 1.203-2. 1.9236 1.923-6. 0.830-0 1.033- 1.300- 1.203-2 1.923-6 0.830- 1.203- 1.923-

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) at different time points for postoperative prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in adult congenital heart disease patients undergoing surgical treatment combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: Patients were divided into two groups that developed PMV or not. The propensity score matching method was applied to reduce the effects of confounding factors between the two groups. VIS at different time points (VIS at the end of surgery, VIS6h, VIS12h, and VIS12h max) after surgery were recorded and calculated. The value of VIS in predicting PMV was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze independent risk factors. Results: Among 250 patients, 52 were in the PMV group, and 198 were in the non-PMV group. PMV rate was 20.8%. After propensity score matching, 94 patients were matched in pairs. At each time point, the area under the ROC curve predicted by VIS for PMV was > 0.500, among which VIS at the end of surgery was the largest (0.805). The optimal cutoff point for VIS of 6.5 could predict PMV with 78.7% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity. VIS at the end of surgery was an independent risk factor for PMV (odds ratio=1.301, 95% confidence interval 1.091~1.551, P<0.01). Conclusion: VIS at the end of surgery is an independent predictor for PMV in patients with adult congenital heart disease surgical treatment combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. Introduction vasoactiveinotropic vasoactive inotropic (PMV grafting Methods not VIS6h VISh h max calculated (ROC Results 25 5 group 19 nonPMV non 208 20 8 20.8% 9 pairs 0500 0 500 0.500 0.805. 0805 0.805 . 805 (0.805) 65 6 6. 787 78 7 78.7 723 72 3 72.3 specificity odds ratio1301 ratio 1 301 ratio=1.301 95 10911551 091 551 1.091~1.551 P<0.01. P001 P P<0.01 01 P<0.01) Conclusion 2 20.8 050 50 0.50 080 0.80 80 (0.805 78. 72. ratio130 30 ratio=1.30 1091155 09 55 1.091~1.55 P00 P<0.0 20. 05 0.5 08 0.8 (0.80 ratio13 ratio=1.3 109115 1.091~1.5 P0 P<0. 0. (0.8 ratio1 ratio=1. 10911 1.091~1. P<0 (0. ratio=1 1091 1.091~1 P< (0 ratio= 109 1.091~ ( 10 1.091 1.09 1.0 1.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to develop an animal model of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) and investigate the role of the TRPC5 channel in cardiac damage in OSAHS rats. Methods Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the CIH group and the Normoxic Control (NC) group. Changes in structure, function, and pathology of heart tissue were observed through echocardiography, transmission electron microscopy, HE-staining, and TUNEL staining. Results The Interventricular Septum thickness at diastole (IVSd) and End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) of rats in the CIH group significantly increased, whereas the LV ejection fraction and LV fraction shortening significantly decreased. TEM showed that the myofilaments in the CIH group were loosely arranged, the sarcomere length varied, the cell matrix dissolved, the mitochondrial cristae were partly flocculent, the mitochondrial outer membrane dissolved and disappeared, and some mitochondria were swollen and vacuolated. The histopathological examination showed that the cardiomyocytes in the CIH group were swollen with granular degeneration, some of the myocardial fibers were broken and disorganized, and most of the nuclei were vacuolar and hypochromic. Conclusion CIH promoted oxidative stress, the influx of Ca2+, and the activation of the CaN/NFATc signaling pathway, which led to pathological changes in the morphology and ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes, the increase of myocardial apoptosis, and the decrease of myocardial contractility. These changes may be associated with the upregulation of TRPC5. (CIH TRPC NC (NC structure function echocardiography microscopy HEstaining, HEstaining HE staining, staining HE-staining IVSd (IVSd EndDiastolic End Diastolic EDV (EDV increased decreased arranged varied flocculent disappeared vacuolated degeneration disorganized hypochromic stress Ca2 Ca Ca2+ CaNNFATc CaN NFATc pathway apoptosis contractility

ABSTRACT To quickly and accurately assess tea plant growth, this study aims to find a new way to predict the chlorophyll content in tea plant canopies using machine learning. Using remotely piloted aircraft equipped with multispectral cameras, images of tea plantation areas are captured and reflectance from four spectral bands is extracted, leading to the calculation of vegetation indices. Simultaneously, chlorophyll relative content in the tea plant canopies was collected on the ground using a detector. Four models, namely Random Forest (RF), Backpropagation neural network (BPNN), Radial basis function network (RBFN), and General Regression Neural Network (GRNN), were constructed to predict the chlorophyll relative content in tea plant canopies. Subsequently, important remote sensing variables were identified through RF filtering, followed by a comparison of the predictive performance of machine learning models under different input conditions. Lastly, by integrating the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to optimize the smoothing factor in the GRNN, the study explores the impact of optimization algorithms on the predictive performance of the GRNN model. Experiments indicate that within the established machine learning models, the GRNN demonstrates the highest predictive accuracy. By ranking the importance of remote sensing variables through RF, 18 significant remote sensing variables were selected, which enhanced the predictive accuracy of the machine learning models. The optimization of the GRNN smoothing factor through the SSA algorithm can significantly enhance the predictive accuracy of the GRNN model. Based on a series of experiments, the established RFSSA-GRNN prediction model demonstrates good predictive performance, with an reaching 0.84. growth cameras extracted indices Simultaneously detector , (RF) BPNN, BPNN (BPNN) RBFN, RBFN (RBFN) (GRNN) Subsequently filtering conditions Lastly (SSA 1 selected experiments RFSSAGRNN RFSSA 084 0 84 0.84 (RF (BPNN (RBFN (GRNN 08 8 0.8 0.

RESUMO Para avaliar de forma rápida e precisa o crescimento de plantas de chá, este estudo visa encontrar uma nova maneira de prever o conteúdo de clorofila em dosséis de plantas de chá usando aprendizado de máquina. Utilizando aeronaves pilotadas remotamente equipadas com câmeras multiespectrais, imagens de áreas de plantações de chá são capturadas e a reflectância de quatro bandas espectrais é extraída, levando ao cálculo de índices de vegetação. Simultaneamente, o conteúdo relativo de clorofila nos dosséis das plantas de chá foi coletado no terreno usando um detector. Quatro modelos, nomeadamente Floresta Aleatória (RF), rede neural de retropropagação (BPNN), rede de função de base radial (RBFN) e Rede Neural de Regressão Geral (GRNN), foram construídos para prever o conteúdo relativo de clorofila nos dosséis das plantas de chá. Subsequentemente, variáveis importantes de sensoriamento remoto foram identificadas através de filtragem RF, seguidas por uma comparação do desempenho preditivo dos modelos de aprendizado de máquina sob diferentes condições de entrada. Por último, ao integrar o Algoritmo de Busca de Pardal (SSA) para otimizar o fator de suavização no GRNN, o estudo explora o impacto dos algoritmos de otimização no desempenho preditivo do modelo GRNN. Experimentos indicam que, dentro dos modelos de aprendizado de máquina estabelecidos, o GRNN demonstra a maior precisão preditiva. Ao classificar a importância das variáveis de sensoriamento remoto através de RF, 18 variáveis significativas de sensoriamento remoto foram selecionadas, o que melhorou a precisão preditiva dos modelos de aprendizado de máquina. A otimização do fator de suavização do GRNN através do algoritmo SSA pode melhorar significativamente a precisão preditiva do modelo GRNN. Com base em uma série de experimentos, o modelo de predição estabelecido RFSSA-GRNN demonstra um bom desempenho preditivo, com um alcançando 0,84. multiespectrais extraída vegetação Simultaneamente detector RF , (RF) BPNN, BPNN (BPNN) RBFN (RBFN (GRNN) Subsequentemente entrada último (SSA estabelecidos 1 selecionadas experimentos RFSSAGRNN RFSSA 084 0 84 0,84 (RF (BPNN (GRNN 08 8 0,8 0,

Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5’end or 3’end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5’ end or 3’ end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications. Introduction aging (TL trait disease (TERC operation elderly Methods leukocytes (BIS analyses 5end 5 3end 3 detected 10 surgery Results r 078 0 78 0.78 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) 084 84 0.84 0.004, 0004 0.004 004 0.004) 083 83 0.83 085 85 0.85 0.029. 0029 0.029 . 029 0.029) 0.58, 058 58 (0.58 021 21 0.21 019 19 0.19 0.12 012 12 variables However Conclusions complications 1 07 7 0.7 000 0.00 00 08 8 0.8 002 0.02 02 0.58 05 (0.5 2 0.2 01 0.1 0. 0.0 0.5 (0. (0 (

SUMMARY A 71-year-old woman with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was referred to our hospital. A computed tomography scan revealed extensive recurrence in the neck, invading sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, sternal end of the clavicle, strap muscle and skin; and lateral compartment and subclavian lymph nodes were also involved. Multiple pulmonary micrometastases also noticed. The tumor was considered unresectable; however, the patient was unwilling to accept highly invasive surgery. Therefore, we initiated neoadjuvant therapy with anlotinib, 12mg p.o. daily with a 2-week on/1-week off regimen. The tumor shrunk to resectable state after 4 cycles of treatment, and after 3 weeks of withdrawal, successful surgical resection without gross tumor residual was performed. Pathology confirmed as classic PTC harboring coexistent TERT promoter and BRAFV600E mutations by NGS. After anlotinib therapy, apoptosis induction was observed, and proliferation increased, which was due to three weeks of anlotinib withdraw. Structual recurrence was recorded at 6 months after operation due to no further treatment was taken. Our finding suggests that anlotinib could represent as a good treatment option for patients with locally advanced (with or without distant metastasis) PTC; Anlotinib treatment resulted in sufficient reduction of the tumor mass to enable total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine treatment, providing long-term control of the disease. 71yearold yearold 71 year old (PTC hospital neck vein clavicle skin involved noticed unresectable however surgery Therefore mg po p o p.o 2week week 2 on/1week on1week onweek on/1 on 1 regimen withdrawal performed BRAFVE BRAFV E NGS observed increased withdraw taken metastasis longterm long term disease 7 1week on1 on/

Abstract The surfactant-polymer-based (S/P) fracturing fluid combines the advantages of the surfactant-based and polymer-based fracturing fluids. In this study, the synergistic tackifying of cationic surfactants and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and the potential application in hydraulic fracturing fluid was investigated. Firstly, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and salicylic acid (SA) with a weight ratio of 4:1 were optimized as the main agent of the small molecule surfactant gel, which was then mixed with carboxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether cellulose (CMHEC) and salicylic acid (SA) to obtain the S/P gel. The proppant suspension performance, gel-breaking properties, salt-resistance and thermal stability of the optimized S/P were evaluated to confirm their potential application in the hydraulic fracturing fluid. These results showed that the performance of the S/P fracturing fluid system was much better than the performance of the surfactant fracturing fluid and also the performance of polymer fracturing fluid. surfactantpolymerbased based SP S P (S/P surfactantbased polymerbased fluids study investigated Firstly CTAC (CTAC SA (SA 41 4 1 4: gel 2hydroxyethyl 2 CMHEC (CMHEC gelbreaking breaking properties saltresistance salt resistance

Abstract Objectives Traumatic hemorrhagic shock is a major death-related factor contributing to mortality in emergencies and can be effectively handled by the Limited Fluid Resuscitation (LFR) method. In the current investigation, the authors analyzed the influence of different administrating blood pressure on the treatment outcomes of LFR. Methods 276 participants were enrolled in the current study retrospectively from January 2016 to December 2021 and were divided into three groups based on the administrating blood pressure of LFR. The difference among the three groups regarding serum levels of cytokines as well as blood hemodynamics parameters was analyzed. Results The results showed after the T2 stage treatment, cytokine levels in the three groups were all significantly influenced by different LFR strategies with medium MAP showing the strongest effects on the expression of all cytokine genes. Moreover, the MAP value was in positive correlation with IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels, but showed no clear relation with IL-4 level in all three groups. Regarding the effects on hemodynamics parameters, the levels of CVP, CO, and CI were slightly increased by the different LFR administrating strategies, and the effect of medium and high MAP was statistically stronger than that of low MAP. Conclusion The present results showed that LFR would influence serum inflammatory levels by improving blood hemodynamics parameters. Medium MAP showed the strongest improving effects with the least side effects, which can be employed as the optimal administrating strategy for LFR in the future. deathrelated death related (LFR method investigation 27 201 202 T genes Moreover IL6, IL6 IL 6, 6 IL-6 IL10, IL10 10, 10 IL-10 TNFα TNF α IL4 4 IL- CVP CO future 2 20 IL1 1 IL-1

Abstract Aiming to provide a new way that preserves more active components in Eucommia ulmoides (EU) leaves, this paper utilizes 4 methods, i.e., microwave, steam, air heating, and frying, to process EU leaves before drying, and their respective effects on the leaves were evaluated. The antioxidant activity of EU leaves in vitro was measured by the DPPH free radical method; the contents of total flavonoids (TFC) and total phenols (TPC) were analyzed by spectrophotometry; and the contents of main active components were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed the pre-process improved the quality of the EU leaves. As a simple and fast process, the microwave process is the most effective technique in the retention of flavonoids and four active ingredients except aucubin. High power (800 W) and short time (2.5 min) are more conducive to the retention of active ingredients, with high antioxidant activity. Appropriate steam and frying processes also exhibited benefits for the active components. In particular, the samples treated with steam for 10 minutes showed great potential for industrial application with the highest antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. Therefore, proper pre-processing before drying should be conducted to effectively protect the active components of EU leaves.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the correlation between different body components and bone mineral density in healthy adults. METHODS: A total of 306 non-manual subjects, 161 males and 145 females, were selected from the physical examination center of our hospital from June to September 2019. They were divided into control group, overweight group, and obese group according to body mass index. The muscle mass and fat mass, body fat content, trunk fat mass, upper limb and thigh fat mass, bone density of femoral neck and lumbar vertebra, and bone mineral salt content of the whole body were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, femoral neck bone mineral density, bone mineral salt content, fat mass, muscle mass, upper limb fat mass, thigh fat mass, and trunk fat mass in the overweight group and obese group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The fat mass, muscle mass, upper limb fat mass, and trunk fat mass were positively correlated with the femoral neck bone mineral density, total lumbar vertebra bone mineral density, and bone mineral salt content (P<0.05). In addition, thigh fat mass was positively correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density and total lumbar spine bone mineral density, whereas body fat content was negatively correlated with bone mineral salt content. CONCLUSION: Body composition was related to bone mineral density and bone mineral salt content, and the correlation between different body composition indexes, and bone mineral density, and bone mineral salt content was different.

Abstract Drug resistance is a crucial obstacle to achieve satisfactory chemotherapeutic effects. Numerous studies have shown that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a significant role in various processes of cellular events and tumor progression, while few studies have focused on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in drug resistance of endothelial cells. The present study aims to explore the relationship of PI3K/Akt signaling and cellular resistance to anticancer drugs in human microvessel endothelial cells (HMEC-1). We established stable sunitinib-resiatant human microvessel endothelial cells (HMEC-su) after long-term exposure to sunitinib (a small-molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor) for 12 months. HMEC-su showed significant alternations of cell morphology and exhibited a 2.32-fold higher IC50 of sunitinib than parental HMEC-1 cells. Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer-resistance protein (ABCG2) which mediates drug efflux, increased significantly in HMEC-su lines compared with HMEC-1 cells by western blots assay. Our study further demonstrates that LY294002 (blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway) enhances the sensibility of HMEC-su to suntinib and inhibits the gene transcription and protein expression of P-gp, ABCG2 in HMEC-su cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that LY294002 could reverse P-gp and ABCG2 mediated-drug resistance to sunitinib in HMEC-su cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling.

Abstract This article study the influences of fermented wheat germ on rats in terms of the blood glucose, insulin level, serum lipid level, cholesterol metabolism, triglyceride metabolism and enzyme activity on the basis of the high-fat rat model. High fat rats were fed for modeling, and then the serum and liver were collected after sacrifice. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), Malonic dialdehyde (MDA), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol), Acyltransferase (LCAT), LDL-C, blood glucose and insulin were measured. Fermented wheat germ can significantly increase the levels of insulin and blood glucose in high-fat rats. Fermented wheat germ for 60 days did not affect the levels of serum LDL-C and TG in high-fat rats, but could significantly reduce the level of serum TC. Fermented wheat germ for 60 days did not affect the activities of serum GSH-Px, T-SOD, LCAT and T-SOD, MDA and total lipase in high-fat rats, but it could significantly reduce the activity of serum MDA and increase the activity of GSH-PX in liver. Fermented wheat germ could reduce the protein expression of CYP7A1, induced p-AMPK protein expression, but had no effect on HMGR. Fermented wheat germ can significantly reduce the level of serum cholesterol in high-fat model rats by AMPK signaling pathway, and affect some cholesterol metabolism and triglyceride metabolism related enzyme activities to a certain extent.

Abstract The mushroom tyrosinase assay, B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell model, and zebrafish model are frequently used for high-throughput screening and are widely used for developing anti-hyperpigmentation compounds, although these systems cannot be compared. We used each of these three systems to evaluate the seven anti-hyperpigmentation compounds. We investigated 1. tyrosinase activity using a mushroom tyrosinase assay, 2. viability, tyrosinase activity, and melanin content in B16-F10 cells, and 3. embryonic toxicity, tyrosinase activity, and melanin content in zebrafish. α-Arbutin, raspberry ketone (RK), raspberry ketone glucoside (RKG), glabridin (GLA), and 3-o-ethyl-ascorbic (EA), inhibited the activity of mushroom tyrosinase; dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) did not inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity, and glycyrrhetic acid (GA) promoted tyrosinase activity. Tyrosinase activity was inhibited by α-arbutin, GLA, GA and DG in B16-F10 cells; RK, RKG and EA did not inhibit tyrosinase activity. α-Arbutin, RK, RKG, EA, and GA, inhibited tyrosinase activity in zebrafish; GLA and DG did not inhibit tyrosinase activity. α-arbutin, RK, RKG, EA, GLA, and DG reduced melanin synthesis in B16-F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner without significant toxicity; GA did not inhibit melanin synthesis. α-arbutin, RK, RKG and GA significantly reduced melanin content on the zebrafish body surface. Mushroom tyrosinase analysis was the most practical assay among the three systems but had poor reliability. The B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell system was the most sensitive but had the worst stability. The zebrafish system had better reproducibility than other systems; however, most compounds were difficult to screen in this system.

Abstract Samples of fine structured Cu were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of compacts of Cu nanopowder/micron-sized powder blend with a ratio of 3:7 by weight, and one of the SPSed samples was further processed by hot extrusion. The microstructures of the as-SPSed and the as-extruded samples and the tensile properties and fracture behavior of the as-extruded sample were studied. It was found that the microstructures of the samples consist of a concoction of ultrafine and coarse grains with high dislocation densities ( ~1015 m-2) as a result of microstructural evolution during material processing. Some nanograins were oxidized to form Cu2O particles residing around the coarse grains. Extrusion of the SPSed sample increases its microhardness from 70 HV to 90 HV. The electrical conductivity of the as-extruded sample reaches 87% international annealed copper standard (IACS), and its tensile properties are 200 MPa for yield strength, 218 MPa for ultimate tensile strength and 9% for elongation to fracture. The tensile test specimens from the as-extruded sample exhibit nearly ideal plastic deformation and undergo ductile fracture, suggesting that the fine-grained copper is a highly desirable material for high strength electrical conductors.

Abstract Shewanella and Pseudomonas are considered to be the main spoilage bacteria for chilled fish. This work focused on the spoilage and adhesion ability of two spoilage bacteria (Shewanella spp. S-1 and Pseudomonas spp. P-1), and the adhesion inhibitory effects of Bacillus subtilis against the spoilage bacteria in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). We aimed to develop a feasible solution to prolong the shelf life of large yellow croaker. The spoilage and adhesion characteristics of Shewanella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. strains were compared. It was found that Shewanella spp. induced more significant spoilage of large yellow croaker than Pseudomonas spp. at low temperature in vitro. In addition, Shewanella spp. demonstrated stronger adhesion to the intestinal mucus than Pseudomonas spp. in vitro. The results of a one-week feeding experiment showed that Shewanella was more likely to adhere to large yellow croaker intestines than Pseudomonas. The supplementation of B. subtilis strain BS08 effectively inhibited the proliferation of Shewanella and slowed the spoilage process of large yellow croaker.