Purpose: To evaluate the chemotherapeutic activity of temozolomide counter to mammary carcinoma. Methods: In-vitro anticancer activity has been conducted on MCF7 cells, and mammary carcinoma has been induced in Wistar rats by introduction of 7, 12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), which was sustained for 24 weeks. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, cell proliferation study and apoptosis assay via TUNEL method was conducted to evaluate an antineoplastic activity of temozolomide in rat breast tissue. Results: IC50 value of temozolomide in MCF7 cell has been obtained as 103 μM, which demonstrated an initiation of apoptosis. The temozolomide treatment facilitated cell cycle arrest in G2/M and S phase dose dependently. The treatment with temozolomide suggested decrease of the hyperplastic abrasions and renovation of the typical histological features of mammary tissue. Moreover, temozolomide therapy caused the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and metalloproteinase-1 expression and upstream of p53 and caspase-3 proliferation to indicate an initiation of apoptotic events. Conclusions: The occurrence of mammary carcinoma has been significantly decreased by activation of apoptotic pathway and abrogation of cellular propagation that allowable for developing a suitable mechanistic pathway of temozolomide in order to facilitate chemotherapeutic approach. Purpose Methods Invitro In vitro MCF cells 7 12Dimethylbenzaanthracene Dimethylbenzaanthracene 12 Dimethylbenz anthracene DMBA, DMBA , (DMBA) 2 weeks Histopathology immunohistochemistry tissue Results IC IC5 10 μM G2M GM G2 M G dependently Moreover receptor signalregulated signal regulated kinase metalloproteinase1 metalloproteinase 1 metalloproteinase- p p5 caspase3 caspase 3 caspase- events Conclusions approach (DMBA

ABSTRACT: Seed vigor of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is established during seed development stage, while its regulators remain largely unknown. Here, a comparative peptidomics analysis of the developing seeds was conducted to reveal the regulators involving the establishment of tobacco seed vigor. The most significant difference of seed vigor was observed between seeds harvested at 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP), and then the corresponding seeds were collected separately for peptidomics analysis. A total of 2932 and 2812 nonredundant peptides were identified in seeds harvested at 20 and 30 DAP, respectively. In which, 349 differentially expressed peptides (DEPs) were characterized. To explore the potential functions of these DEPs, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were further analyzed according to their precursor proteins. Most DEP precursor proteins were involved in response to abiotic stimulus, response to water, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Further, the peptides derived from the precursor proteins, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein, heat shock protein, peroxiredoxin, and globulin proteins, may regulates the establishment of seed vigor by influencing reactive oxygen species. The results provide a foundation for further exploration of the peptides functions on the establishment of seed vigor in tobacco. ABSTRACT Nicotiana L. L stage unknown Here 2 3 DAP , (DAP) 293 281 respectively which 34 DEPs (DEPs characterized GO (GO KEGG (KEGG stimulus water reticulum Further LEA (LEA peroxiredoxin species (DAP 29 28

RESUMO: O vigor das sementes de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) é estabelecido durante a fase de desenvolvimento das sementes, enquanto seus reguladores permanecem em grande parte desconhecidos. Foi realizada uma análise peptidômica comparativa das sementes em desenvolvimento para revelar os reguladores que envolvem o estabelecimento do vigor das sementes de tabaco. A diferença mais significativa no vigor das sementes foi observada entre as sementes colhidas aos 20 e 30 dias após a polinização (DAP), sendo então as sementes correspondentes coletadas separadamente para análise peptidômica. Um total de 2.932 e 2.812 peptídeos não redundantes foram identificados em sementes colhidas aos 20 e 30 DAP, respectivamente. Foram então caracterizados 349 peptídeos diferencialmente expressos (DEPs). Para explorar as funções potenciais desses DEPs, as análises da Gene Ontology (GO) e da Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) foram analisadas de acordo com suas proteínas precursoras. A maioria das proteínas precursoras da DEP estava envolvida na resposta ao estímulo abiótico, na resposta à água e no processamento de proteínas no retículo endoplasmático. Além disso, os peptídeos derivados das proteínas precursoras, como a late embryogenesis abundant (LEA), a proteína de choque térmico, a peroxirredoxina e as proteínas globulinas, podem regular o estabelecimento do vigor das sementes influenciando as espécies reativas de oxigênio. Os resultados fornecem uma base para uma maior exploração das funções dos peptídeos no estabelecimento do vigor das sementes de tabaco. RESUMO Nicotiana L. L desconhecidos 2 3 DAP , (DAP) 2932 932 2.93 2812 812 2.81 respectivamente 34 DEPs. DEPs . (DEPs) GO (GO KEGG (KEGG abiótico endoplasmático disso LEA, LEA (LEA) térmico globulinas oxigênio (DAP 293 93 2.9 281 81 2.8 (DEPs (LEA 29 9 2. 28 8

In 1879, Wilhelm Marr coined the term 'Antisemitismus', which aroused extensive discussion in academic circles. With the deepening of research, scholars' research on anti-Semitism gradually traced back to the ancient world. Texts with anti-Semitic thought appeared as early as Ptolemaic Egypt. Essentially, the main purpose of these words were self-justification, a response to the sinful image of the Egyptians in the narrative of Exodus. The early Ptolemaic Egyptian writers got rid of the charges against the Egyptians by rewriting the narrative of Exodus and shifting responsibility for the entire event to the Jews. It is obvious that in the process, the image of the Jewish people has been severely vilified. Although the writers did not express a strong anti-Semitic tendency subjectively, they all expressed a certain degree of anti-Semitic thought objectively. The anti-Semitic thought was inherited by later writers in the Roman world and had a profound impact. This article focuses on the works of three Ptolemaic Egyptian writers and discusses their reasons and influences for rewriting the narrative of the Exodus in combination with their historical background. CONTRIBUTION: This article discusses the origin and spread of anti-Semitic thought in the ancient world. It has important reference value for the study of ancient writers' understanding of the Old Testament. At the same time, it has important academic value for the study of Jewish history.

Introduction: Seed-based analysis has shown that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can modulate the dysfunctional brain network in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the voxel-based neuropsychological mechanism of taVNS on patients with first-episode MDD is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week course of taVNS on patients with first-episode MDD. Methods: Twenty-two patients with first-episode MDD accepted an 8-week course of taVNS treatment. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were performed before and after treatment. Voxel-based analyses were performed to characterize spontaneous brain activity. Healthy controls (n=23) were recruited to minimize test-retest effects. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to ascertain treatment-related changes. Then, correlations between changes in brain activity and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)/Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) remission rate were estimated. Results: Significant group-by-time interactions on voxel-based analyses were observed in the inferior ventral striatum (VSi) and precuneus. Post-hoc analyses showed that taVNS inhibited higher brain activity in the VSi, while upregulating it in the precuneus. Functional connectivity (FC) between the VSi and precuneus decreased. Positive correlations were found between the HAM-D remission rate and changes in brain activity in the VSi. Conclusion: taVNS reduced the FC between VSi and precuneus by normalizing the abnormal spontaneous brain activity of VSi in first-episode MDD patients. Introduction Seedbased Seed based (taVNS . (MDD) However voxelbased voxel firstepisode first episode understood 8week week 8 Methods Twentytwo Twenty two treatment Restingstate Resting state rsfMRI rs fMRI (rs-fMRI Voxelbased Voxel n=23 n23 n 23 (n=23 testretest test retest ANCOVA (ANCOVA treatmentrelated related Then HAMD/Hamilton HAMDHamilton HAM D /Hamilton HAMA A (HAM-A estimated Results groupbytime group time (VSi Posthoc Post hoc (FC decreased HAMD Conclusion (MDD n=2 n2 2 (n=2 n= (n= (n

Resumen Objetivo. Investigar la seguridad y la eficacia de la discectomía endoscópica percutánea (DEP) y de la discectomía fenestrada (DF) en el tratamiento de la hernia de disco lumbar. Método. Se analizaron retrospectivamente los datos clínicos completos de 87 pacientes con hernia de disco lumbar. De acuerdo con el tratamiento prescrito, los pacientes fueron divididos en grupo control (DF, n = 39) y grupo de estudio (DEP, n = 48). Se compararon las condiciones básicas de funcionamiento de los dos grupos y se evaluaron los resultados de la cirugía, la incidencia de complicaciones y la calidad de vida al año de la operación. Resultados. Ambos grupos completaron la operación. En el grupo de estudio, las puntuaciones en la escala visual análoga y ODI disminuyeron significativamente, mientras que las puntuaciones JOA aumentaron significativamente. La tasa de éxito de la operación en el grupo de estudio fue significativamente mayor que en el grupo control, y la incidencia de complicaciones fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control. No hubo diferencia significativa en la calidad de vida entre los dos grupos (p > 0.05). Conclusiones. La tasa de éxito del tratamiento con DEP fue mayor, y el tiempo de recuperación fue más rápido y más seguro que con la DF.

Abstract Background. The aim of the study was to explore the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and fenestration discectomy (FD) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Material and methods. The complete clinical data from 87 patients with LDH from our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a control group (n = 39, treated with FD) and a research group (n = 48, treated with PTED) according to the prescribed treatments. The basic operation conditions were compared across the two groups. Surgical outcomes were assessed. The incidences of complications and the life quality of patients were evaluated 1 year after surgery. Results. The patients in both groups completed the operation. The visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index score of patients in the research group was significantly lower while the Orthopaedic Association Score was significantly higher after surgery. The success rate of the operation in the research group which was significantly higher and the rate of complications was significantly lower. No statistical differences in the quality of life were observed between the patients (p > 0.05). Conclusions. PTED and FD are effective in the treatment of LDH. However, our study showed that PTED has a higher rate of treatment success, faster recovery times and is safer than FD.

Abstract Polysaccharides are a class of biological macromolecules made up of sugar chains with multiple glycosidic bonds. To explore the extracted, purified, carboxymethylated and phosphorylated modified to obtained carboxymethylated polysaccharides (HSPS) and phosphorylated polysaccharides (HSPP), and the HSPS and HSPP were characterized and analyzed, and their antioxidant activity measured. Response surface design was used for the synthesis process of HSPS and HSPP, the structure characterization and antioxidant activities of HSPS and HSPP were evaluated. The results showed that the Mw and Mn of HSP were 14.66 kDa and 8.39 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharides were mainly galactose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 37.68%: 24.43%: 13.63%: 9.18%. The optimal synthesis conditions for HSPS were as follows: reaction time of 2.01 h, reaction temperature of 44.61°C and the amount of monochloroacetic acid necessary was 1.18 g. The optimal synthesis conditions for HSPP were: reaction time of 4.28 h, reaction temperature of 80.78°C, and reaction pH of 8.98. HSPS and HSPP have scavenging effects on ABTS, super oxideanion and hydroxyl radicals. The HSPS and HSPP were characterized and analyzed, and their antioxidant activity measured. bonds extracted purified (HSPS , (HSPP) analyzed measured evaluated 1466 14 66 14.6 839 8 39 8.3 respectively galactose glucose xylose 37.68% 3768 37 68 24.43% 2443 24 43 13.63% 1363 13 63 918 9 18 9.18% follows 201 2 01 2.0 h 4461C C 44 61 118 1 1.1 g 428 4 28 4.2 8078C 80 78 80.78°C 898 98 8.98 ABTS radicals (HSPP 146 6 14. 83 3 8. 37.68 376 24.43 244 13.63 136 91 9.18 20 0 2. 11 1. 42 4. 7 89 8.9 37.6 24.4 13.6 9.1 37. 24. 13. 9.

ABSTRACT To characterize the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related gene expression profiles in various tissues of Meishan pigs at different stages, m6A modification-related genes (METTL3, METTL14, METTL16, WTAP, RBM15, and FTO) were detected from newborn to physical maturity of Meishan pigs at eight important developmental stages (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 134, and 158 days old). The expression of m6A-related genes was tissue-specific. Furthermore, the level of METTL3 messenger RNA (mRNA) was higher on day 35 than in other stages in most tissues, and the expression of METTL14 increased after day 35, and FTO exhibited a peak on day 14 in muscle, intestine, lymph nodes, thymus, and kidney. This study provided a reference for an in-depth study of the expression patterns of m6A modification-related genes in Meishan pigs. N6methyladenosine Nmethyladenosine N6 methyladenosine N m6Arelated mArelated related m A mA modificationrelated modification METTL3, METTL (METTL3 METTL16 WTAP RBM15 RBM 1, 1 (1 7 21 28 134 15 old. old . old) tissuespecific. tissuespecific tissue specific. specific tissue-specific Furthermore mRNA (mRNA 3 METTL1 muscle intestine nodes thymus kidney indepth depth Arelated (METTL RBM1 ( 2 13

ABSTRACT Purpose: To observe the effect of puerarin on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats, and to explore its mechanism based on NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Methods: Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated group (sham), model group (RIRI), and puerarin treatment group (RIRI + Pue). The model of acute renal I/R injury was established by cutting the right kidney and clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min. Results: Renal function parameters were statistically significant in group comparisons. The renal tissue structure of rats in sham group was basically normal. Pathological changes were observed in the RIRI group. The renal pathological damage score and apoptosis rate in the RIRI group were higher than those in the sham group, and significantly lower in the RIRI + Pue group than in the RIRI group. Indicators of oxidative stress–superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase–were statistically significant in group comparisons. Compared with the sham group, the relative expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins in the RIRI group were increased. Compared with the RIRI group, the RIRI + Pue group had significant reductions. Conclusions: Puerarin can inhibit the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, inhibit inflammatory response and pyroptosis, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of kidney, thereby protecting renal I/R injury in rats. Purpose ischemiareperfusion ischemia reperfusion IR I R (I/R NLRP3/Caspase1/GSDMD NLRP3Caspase1GSDMD NLRPCaspaseGSDMD NLRP3/Caspase 1/GSDMD NLRP3 Caspase 1 NLRP pathway Methods Twentyone Twenty one SpragueDawley Sprague Dawley groups shamoperated operated sham, , (sham) RIRI, (RIRI) Pue. . Pue) 4 min Results comparisons normal stresssuperoxide stress superoxide dismutase malondialdehyde peroxidasewere peroxidase Caspase1 Caspase- increased reductions Conclusions pyroptosis NLRP3Caspase NLRPCaspase 1GSDMD (sham

Abstract Background The impact of a literature report on a particular subject can be measured by its number of citations. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the literature reports in the field of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) by analyzing the top 100 most cited articles. It should be noted that the focus of this study is to describe the bibliometric characteristics. Methods This bibliometric analysis dedicated only to endovascular treatment of IAs in our study. We searched the top 100 most cited articles in the field of endovascular treatment of IAs using the search tool of the Web of Science (WOS). We evaluated the characteristics of these high-impact publications, including publication year, category, journal, author's country, etc. Results The top 100 most cited articles were cited 281.3 times, on average. The United States has published the most articles every year compared with other countries. These highly cited articles are mostly published in the Journal of Neurosurgery. Eighty-six of the top 100 most cited articles were clinical studies. Conclusion The bibliometric analysis provides insight over the development and the growing trend in endovascular treatment of IAs. This study can help researchers better understand the global overview of this field, and it also provides leads about promising areas of future research and potential collaborations. citations (IAs 10 WOS. WOS . (WOS) highimpact high publications category journal authors author s country etc 2813 281 3 281. times average countries Neurosurgery Eightysix Eighty six studies collaborations 1 (WOS 28 2

Resumo Antecedentes O impacto de um relato de literatura sobre um determinado assunto pode ser medido pelo seu número de citações. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características dos relatos da literatura na área de tratamento endovascular de aneurismas intracranianos (AIs), analisando os 100 artigos mais citados. Ressalta-se que o foco deste estudo é descrever as características bibliométricas. Métodos Esta análise bibliométrica foi dedicada apenas ao tratamento endovascular dos AIs em nosso estudo. Pesquisamos os 100 artigos mais citados na área de tratamento endovascular de AIs usando a ferramenta de busca daWeb of Science (WOS). Avaliamos as características dessas publicações de alto impacto, incluindo ano de publicação, categoria, periódico, país do autor etc. Resultados Os 100 artigos mais citados foram citados 281,3 vezes, em média. Os Estados Unidos publicaram o maior número de artigos todos os anos em comparação com outros países. Esses artigos altamente citados são publicados principalmente noJournal of Neurosurgery. Oitenta e seis dos 100 artigos mais citados eram estudos clínicos. Conclusão A análise bibliométrica fornece informações sobre o desenvolvimento e a tendência crescente no tratamento endovascular das AI. Este estudo pode ajudar os pesquisadores a entender melhor a visão global desse campo e também fornece pistas sobre áreas promissoras de pesquisas futuras e potenciais colaborações. citações AIs, , (AIs) 10 Ressaltase Ressalta se bibliométricas WOS. WOS . (WOS) publicação categoria periódico etc 2813 281 3 281, vezes média países Neurosurgery clínicos AI colaborações (AIs 1 (WOS 28 2

RESUMO Antecedentes O tabagismo tem sido considerado fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, depressão e outras doenças em relatos anteriores, e o tabagismo ativo é considerado fator de risco para acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico. Além disso, um estudo retrospectivo mostrou que os fumantes do sexo masculino apresentavam risco aumentado de sangramento por malformação arteriovenosa (MAV), em comparação com os não fumantes. No entanto, o efeito do tabagismo passivo na ruptura da MAV cerebral em mulheres não fumantes não foi abordado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da exposição ao tabaco no risco de sangramento de MAV em mulheres não fumantes. Métodos Foram incluídas 393 mulheres não fumantes diagnosticadas com MAV. Elas foram divididas em um grupo com sangramento (205 mulheres) e um grupo sem sangramento (188 mulheres). Realizamos análise univariada e multivariada nesses dois grupos. Na análise univariada, foram analisados os fatores de risco que podem estar relacionados ao sangramento de MAV. Na análise multivariada, a relação entre tabagismo passivo e ruptura de MAV foi analisada por meio da correção de fatores de confusão. Resultados A análise multivariada mostrou que a proporção de tabagismo passivo foi estatisticamente diferente entre o grupo com sangramento e o grupo sem sangramento (OR = 1,609; IC = 1,031-2,509; p = 0,036). Conclusão O tabagismo passivo pode aumentar o risco de sangramento de MAV em mulheres não fumantes. Esse risco aumentado pode estar relacionado à resposta inflamatória, danos na parede vascular, distúrbios hemodinâmicos, alterações na aterosclerose e alterações na expressão gênica causadas pelo tabagismo passivo.

ABSTRACT Background Smoking has been considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression and other diseases in previous reports, and active smoking is considered to be a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, a retrospective study showed that male smokers were at increased risk of bleeding from arteriovenous malformation (AVM), compared with non-smokers. However, the effect of passive smoking on rupturing of cerebral AVM in non-smoking women has not been addressed. Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of tobacco exposure on AVM bleeding risk in non-smoking women. Methods A total of 393 non-smoking women diagnosed with AVM were included. They were divided into a bleeding group (205 women) and a non-bleeding group (188 women). We conducted univariate and multivariate analysis on these two groups. In univariate analysis, risk factors that might be related to AVM bleeding were analyzed. In multivariate analysis, the relationship between passive smoking and AVM rupture was analyzed by correcting confounding factors. Results Multivariate analysis showed that the proportion of passive smoking was statistically different between the bleeding group and the non-bleeding group (OR = 1.609; CI = 1.031-2.509; p = 0.036). Conclusion Passive smoking may increase the risk of AVM bleeding in non-smoking women. This increased risk may be related to the inflammatory response, vascular wall damage, hemodynamic disorders, changes in atherosclerosis and changes in gene expression caused by passive smoking.

Abstract High fat diet may cause obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other diseases, and even mortality. The recombinant rice based on mixing lotus seed starch and broken rice flour was used to feed high-fat diet rats, and its effects on body weight and organ index were determined. The changes of intestinal flora in rats were studied by macrogenomic technology, and the effects of lotus seed starch-broken rice flour recombinant rice (LSBR) on intestinal flora in rats were discussed. The results showed that adding enough LSBR could effectively inhibit the weight gain of rats, reduce the liver index from 0.3498 to 0.2836, and the kidney index from 0.0079 to 0.0072. The reduction of intestinal flora abundance and diversity caused by high-fat diet were improved, the relative abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidete was reduced from 11.04 to 2.17, while the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was increased.

Abstract Background: The internal NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA) gene family was a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) gene family, mainly involved in the non-phosphorylated respiratory pathways in mitochondria and played crucial roles in response to abiotic stress. Methods: The whole genome identification, structure analysis and expression pattern of NDA gene family were conducted to analyze the NDA gene family. Results: There were 51, 52, 26, and 24 NDA genes identified in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. According to the structural characteristics of genes and traits of phylogenetic tree, we divided the NDA gene family into 8 clades. Gene structure analysis showed that the NDA gene family was relatively conservative. The four Gossypium species had good collinearity, and segmental duplication played an important role in the evolution of the NDA gene family. Analysis of cis-elements showed that most GhNDA genes contained cis-elements related to light response and plant hormones (ABA, MeJA and GA). The analysis of the expression patterns of GhNDA genes under different alkaline stress showed that GhNDA genes were actively involved in the response to alkaline stress, possibly through different molecular mechanisms. By analyzing the existing RNA-Seq data after alkaline stress, it was found that an NDA family gene GhNDA32 was expressed, and then theGhNDA32 was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). By observing the phenotype, we found that the wilting degree of silenced plants was much higher than that of the control plant after alkaline treatment, suggesting that GhNDA32 gene was involved in the response to alkaline stress. Conclusions: In this study, GhNDAs participated in response to alkaline stress, especially NaHCO3 stress. It was of great significance for the future research on the molecular mechanism of NDA gene family in responding to abiotic stresses.

Abstract Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of wheat and small grain cereals caused by Fusarium graminearum and other Fusarium species is an economically cereal disease worldwide. Fusarium infections results in reduced yields and mycotoxin contamination of the grain, and the research on the toxin production and growth control of Fusarium is the key to prevent and control of mycotoxin contamination in wheat. In this study, the molecular identification of toxigenic potential and gas fumigation control of typical Fusarium strains isolated from FHB-infected wheat were studied. The results showed that the consequences of molecular identification of toxigenic potential were consistent with the actual production of toxins, which can be used for rapid identification of fungal toxicity. And the effects of the gas fumigants were different. Chlorine dioxide could kill Fusarium spores and mycelium in a short time (0.5 h) at relatively low concentration (300 ppm), while ozone could only kill Fusarium spores and had no obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of mycelium, even at a concentration of 1400 ppm. Taken together, gaseous ClO2 could significantly inhibit the growth of Fusarium, and it’s an ideal fumigant used to control this fungal contamination during the postharvest storage of grain.

Abstract Selenium (Se) is a nutritionally important micronutrient for humans. The use of Se fertilizers is often the most feasible approach to precisely increase Se contents in rice grains, but the effects of common commercial Se fertilizers on producing Se-rich rice remain to be investigated. In this study, we compared the effects of liquid and granular Se fertilizers on the accumulation of Se and heavy metals in rice grains of four different varieties in field. Results showed that Se accumulation in rice grains was affected by the form of fertilizers, applied concentrations of Se fertilizers, and rice varieties. Liquid fertilizer displayed significantly higher Se transfer efficiency than granular fertilizer, whereas the granular fertilizer had a slightly higher effect on organic Se accumulation. More than 95.5% Se in grains were organic Se, with selenomethionine (SeMet) being the dominant one. The proportion of organic selenocysteine (SeCys2) in grains was significantly higher in treatments with liquid fertilizer. Both forms of fertilizers significantly reduced the accumulation of cadmium, lead, and arsenic. Collectively, our study provides a reference for producing Se-rich rice in a more competitive manner in practice.

Abstract A response surface method (RSM) was employed to optimize polysaccharide extraction from Panax japonicus (PJPS). Also, carboxymethyl substitution of PJPS (CM-PJPS) was studied using a response surface methodology. A three-variable Box–Behnken design (BBD) methodology was applied. RSM analyses revealed that conditions that maximized polysaccharide yield were as follows: a liquid-to-material ratio 22:1, an extraction temperature of 83.99 °C and an extraction duration of 2.32 h. Under optimum extraction conditions, the average absorbance value of PJPS was 0.6001, and the purity of PJPS was 98.2%. A quadratic regression model for CM-PJPS was obtained via BBD. The optimum extraction conditions for the process were determined to include a 1.38 h reaction time, 1.24 g monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and a reaction temperature of 52.85 °C. Under optimum extraction conditions, the average degree of CM-PJPS substitution was 0.9733. The structure of the PJPS was examined by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CM-PJPS exhibited the strongest anti-oxidant activity in vitro. In addition, CM-PJPS inhibited Skov3 and A2780 cancer cell proliferation. Our data revealed that CM-PJPS is a promising natural antioxidant with potential value as a food supplement and for treatment of cancer.