ABSTRACT Introduction: We aim to compare the safety and effectiveness of the KangDuo (KD)-Surgical Robot-01 (KD-SR-01) system and the da Vinci (DV) system for robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RARNU). Materials and Methods: This multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted between March 2022 and September 2023. Group 1 included 29 patients undergoing KD-RARNU. Group 2 included 29 patients undergoing DV-RARNU. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, perioperative data, and follow-up outcomes were collected prospectively and compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in patient baseline demographic and preoperative characteristics between the two groups. The success rates in both groups were 100% without conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery or positive surgical margins. No significant difference was observed in docking time [242 (120-951) s vs 253 (62-498) s, P = 0.780], console time [137 (55-290) min vs 105 (62-220) min, P = 0.114], operative time [207 (121-460) min vs 185 (96-305) min, P = 0.091], EBL [50 (10-600) mL vs 50 (10-700) mL, P = 0.507], National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index scores, and postoperative serum creatinine levels between the two groups. None of the patients showed evidence of distant metastasis, local recurrence, or equipment-related adverse events during the four-week follow-up. One (3.4%) patient in Group 2 experienced postoperative enterovaginal and enterovesical fistulas (Clavien-Dindo grade III). Conclusions: The KD-SR-01 system is safe and effective for RARNU compared to the DV Si or Xi system. Further randomized controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are required. Introduction KDSurgical KD Surgical Robot01 Robot 01 Robot-0 KDSR01 KDSR SR (KD-SR-01 (DV robotassisted robot assisted RARNU. . (RARNU) Methods 202 2023 KDRARNU. KDRARNU KD-RARNU DVRARNU. DVRARNU DV-RARNU data followup follow up Results 100 margins 242 [24 120951 120 951 (120-951 25 62498 62 498 (62-498 0.780, 0780 0.780 , 0 780 0.780] 137 [13 55290 55 290 (55-290 10 62220 220 (62-220 0.114, 0114 0.114 114 0.114] 207 [20 121460 121 460 (121-460 18 96305 96 305 (96-305 0.091, 0091 0.091 091 0.091] [5 10600 600 (10-600 5 10700 700 (10-700 0.507, 0507 0.507 507 0.507] scores metastasis recurrence equipmentrelated equipment related fourweek four week followup. up. 3.4% 34 3 4 (3.4% ClavienDindo Clavien Dindo III. III III) Conclusions KD-SR-0 required Robot0 Robot- KDSR0 (KD-SR-0 (RARNU 20 24 [2 12095 12 95 (120-95 6249 6 49 (62-49 078 0.78 78 13 [1 5529 (55-29 6222 22 (62-22 011 0.11 11 12146 46 (121-46 9630 9 30 (96-30 009 0.09 09 [ 1060 60 (10-60 1070 70 (10-70 050 0.50 3.4 (3.4 KD-SR- (KD-SR- 1209 (120-9 624 (62-4 07 0.7 7 552 (55-2 622 (62-2 0.1 1214 (121-4 963 (96-3 00 0.0 106 (10-6 107 (10-7 05 0.5 3. (3. KD-SR (KD-SR (120- (62- 0. (55- (121- (96- (10- (3 (120 (62 (55 (121 (96 (10 ( (12 (6 (5 (9 (1

Abstract Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer worldwide. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers associated with CSCC progression could aid in the early detection of high-risk squamous cell carcinoma and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of silent mating type Information Regulation 2 homolog 6 (SIRT6) in CSCC and its clinical significance. Methods The protein expression level of SIRT6 in tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between SIRT6 expression and clinicopathological parameters in CSCC patients was analyzed. The relative expression of SIRT6 in CSCC cell lineage and tissue specimens was determined by western blotting and PCR. The effect of SIRT6 silencing on cell proliferation was evaluated using cell counting kit 8. Wound healing, transwell method, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the migration, invasion, and cell cycle distribution/apoptosis of CSCC cells after SIRT6 silencing, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression of EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition), cycle, apoptosis, and other related proteins. Results The high expression of SIRT6 was correlated with the location of cancer tissue and Broder staging in CSCC patients. Knockdown of SIRT6 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of CSCC cells, and promoted their apoptosis, with cells blocked in G1 phase. Study limitations No animal experiments were conducted to further verify the results. Conclusion Decreased expression of SIRT6 can inhibit the occurrence and development of CSCC. (CSCC worldwide Therefore highrisk risk strategies SIRT (SIRT6 significance immunohistochemistry analyzed PCR 8 healing method migration distributionapoptosis distribution apoptosis respectively EpithelialMesenchymal Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, Transition , Transition) proteins G phase results (SIRT

Abstract Objective To explore the effect of surgical treatment and related prognostic factors for recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy and the pathological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma insensitive to radiotherapy. Methods A total of 70 NPC patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, from January 2005 to December 2020 were retrospectively included: 41 males and 29 females, aged 21-75 years, 47 patients were pathologically classified as NPC (nonkeratinizing, undifferentiated type), 10 patients as adenoid cystic carcinoma, 13 patients as other types, 45 patients had received radiotherapy preoperatively, and 25 patients had not received radiotherapy preoperatively. All patients underwent surgical treatment under general anesthesia. Fifty-six patients underwent nasoendoscopic NPC resection, seven patients underwent open surgery, and seven patients underwent combined nasoendoscopic and open surgery. The median follow-up was 39 months. Tumor volume, extent of involvement, lymph node metastasis, imaging characteristics, surgical approach and efficacy, postoperative complications, and 2-, 3-, and 5-year postoperative survival rates were calculated for all patients. Statistical analysis was performed using spss22 Kaplan Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed. Results Among the 70 patients, the overall 2-year survival rate was 93.4%, the 3-year survival rate was 90.8%, and the 5-year survival rate was 80.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage and age at onset were independent prognostic factors for NPC outcome. Conclusion Depending on the size and location of the tumor, endoscopic surgery, open surgery, and combined open surgery with nasoendoscopy may be considered for recurrent and radiotherapy insensitive NPC. Level of Evidence: Level 4. (NPC 7 Otolaryngology 200 202 included 4 2 females 2175 21 75 21-7 years nonkeratinizing, nonkeratinizing (nonkeratinizing type, type , type) 1 preoperatively anesthesia Fiftysix Fifty six resection followup follow up 3 months volume involvement metastasis characteristics efficacy complications 2, 2- 3, 3- 5year year 5 spss spss2 2year 934 93 93.4% 3year 908 90 8 90.8% 803 80 80.3% outcome tumor Evidence 20 217 21- 9 93.4 90.8 80.3 93. 90. 80.

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta um corpus de aprendizes chineses de português L2 com a anotação de PoS e lema, destacando-se sua potencialidade de análise quantitativa e qualitativa na identificação de padrões linguísticos dos aprendizes, contribuindo, dessa forma, para o ensino de português L2. Este corpus (Corpus de Aprendizes de Português da Universidade de Macau), denominado UMPLC, contém, no total, 933 composições produzidas por 122 estudantes de português da Universidade de Macau durante três anos de estudo consecutivos. A anotação de PoS e lema realizou-se através do Stanza, anotador automático desenvolvido por Qi et al. ( 2020 ). A fim de garantir a consistência de anotação, o resultado foi revisado manualmente. Nesta pesquisa, as informações de PoS e lema permitem-nos investigar quantitativa e qualitativamente diversos fenômenos existentes no corpus relativos ao aspeto lexical e à mudança diacrônica desse aspeto. Dois estudos foram realizados com base em uma abordagem contrastiva, comparando-se o português dos aprendizes do corpus com o português nativo. Foram descobertas características de não-natividade linguística desses aprendizes, o que permitirá que os professores de português L2 se concentrem nas áreas em que é necessário um trabalho corretivo. L destacandose destacando contribuindo forma Corpus Macau, , Macau) UMPLC contém total 93 12 consecutivos realizouse realizou Stanza al 202 . ) manualmente pesquisa permitemnos permitem nos contrastiva comparandose comparando nativo nãonatividade não natividade corretivo 9 1 20 2

Abstract This article presents a corpus of Chinese learners of Portuguese L2 with PoS and lemma annotations, highlighting its potential for quantitative and qualitative analysis in identifying linguistic patterns among learners, thus contributing to the teaching of Portuguese L2. This corpus (University of Macau Portuguese Learners Corpus), named UMPLC, contains a total of 933 compositions produced by 122 Portuguese students from University of Macau over three consecutive years of study. PoS and lemma annotation was performed using Stanza, an automatic annotator developed by Qi et al. ( 2020 ). To ensure annotation consistency, the results were manually reviewed. In this research, the PoS and lemma information enables us to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate various phenomena in the corpus relating to lexical aspects and diachronic changes in this regard. Two studies were conducted based on a contrastive approach, comparing the Portuguese of learners in the corpus with native Portuguese. Non-native linguistic characteristics were discovered, allowing Portuguese L2 teachers to focus on areas requiring corrective work. L annotations Corpus, Corpus , Corpus) UMPLC 93 12 study Stanza al 202 . ) consistency reviewed research regard approach Nonnative Non discovered work 9 1 20 2

Abstract Objectives Research has demonstrated that obesity may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to the occurrence and development of RA and obesity. However, the mechanism by which obesity affects RA remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether gut microbiota and their metabolites alter the effects of high fat diet (HFD) on the severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods Briefly, mice were divided into normal group (N), CIA model group (C), HFD group (T), and HFD CIA group (CT). Hematoxylin and Eosin staining(HE) and Safranin O-fast green staining were conducted, and levels of blood lipid and inflammatory cytokines were measured. 16S rDNA sequencing technique and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics were performed to explore changes in the microbiota structure to further reveal the pathomechanism of HFD on CIA. Results HFD aggravated the severity of CIA in mice. The CT group had the highest proportion of microbial abundance ofBlautia, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium-9, andLachnospiraceaeUCG 006 at the genus level, but had a lower proportion of Alistipes. Additionally, the fecal metabolic phenotype of the combined CT group shows significant changes, with differential metabolites enriched in 9 metabolic pathways, including primary bile acid biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, oxytocin signaling pathway, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. Correlation analysis revealed that some of the altered gut microbiota genera were strongly correlated with changes in fecal metabolites, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and inflammatory cytokine levels. Conclusions This study shows that HFD may aggravate inflammatory reaction in CIA mice by altering the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways. RA. . (RA) addition However unclear (HFD collageninduced collagen induced (CIA Briefly N, N , (N) C, C (C) T, T (T) CT. (CT) stainingHE HE staining(HE Ofast O fast conducted measured S chromatographymass chromatography mass LCMSbased LC MS based ofBlautia Oscillibacter Ruminiclostridium9, Ruminiclostridium9 Ruminiclostridium 9, Ruminiclostridium-9 00 level Alistipes Additionally pathways biosynthesis metabolism pathway aminoacyltRNA aminoacyl tRNA TC, TC (TC) TG, TG (TG) (RA (N (C (T (CT Ruminiclostridium- 0 (TC (TG

As one of the most important types of evidence at the scene of the crime, the rapid identification of the human bloodstain is of great significance to solve the criminal case. In this paper, the spectral data of different species of bloodstain samples including human, chicken and pig were acquired by using a hand-held near-infrared spectrometer. Then, the training models were established via convolutional neural network-support vector machine algorithm. Meanwhile, the traditional support vector machine, genetic algorithm-back propagation and random forest classification algorithms were also compared. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of convolutional neural network-support vector machine algorithm was the highest and the overall performance of the model was the best. The rapid detection method based on a handheld near-infrared spectrometer and convolutional neural network-support vector machine algorithm could identify the species of bloodstain efficiently, non-destructively, quickly and accurately and it provided a new technical reference for bloodstains detection and identification. crime case paper hand held nearinfrared near infrared Then networksupport network Meanwhile algorithmback back compared best efficiently nondestructively, nondestructively non destructively, destructively non-destructively

Abstract Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) subtype IIa protein that deacetylates histone 3 (H3), histone 4 (H4), and nonhistone proteins in vivo to alter chromosomal shape and regulate gene transcription. There have been few studies on the regulatory influence of the HDAC9 gene on the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs) into male germ cells, and the significance of HDAC9 is still unknown. Therefore, we explored the specific role of HDAC9 during differentiation of the cESCs of Jilin Luhua chickens through inhibition or overexpression. In medium supplemented with 10-5 mol/L retinoic acid (RA), cESCs were stimulated to develop into germ cells. HDAC9 and germline marker gene mRNA and protein levels were measured using qRT‒PCR and western blotting. During the differentiation of cESCs into male germ cells, overexpression of the HDAC9 gene greatly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of the germline marker genes Stra8, Dazl, c-kit, and integrin ɑ6. The HDAC9 inhibitor TMP195 significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of the above markers. In summary, HDAC9 positively regulates the differentiation of cESCs. HDAC (HDAC9 (HDAC H3, H3 H , (H3) H4, H4 (H4) transcription (cESCs unknown Therefore 105 10 5 10- molL mol L RA, RA (RA) qRTPCR qRT PCR blotting Stra8 Stra Dazl ckit, ckit c kit, kit c-kit ɑ6 ɑ TMP TMP19 markers summary (H3 (H4 1 (RA TMP1 (H

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of activity-based locomotor training (ABLT) on motor function and walking ability in children with spinal cord injury (SCI). Materials and methods: The Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for related studies, with two reviewers subsequently evaluating the literature quality using the Cochrane Handbook. Results: A total of 11 studies were eligible, while only one met the ABLT standard program criteria. Overall, ABLT significantly improved the lower limb motor function, increased walking speed and distance, and improved the daily living ability of children with SCI. Conclusions: The ABLT strategy is of great significance to the motor function and walking ability of children with SCI. At present, there exist few studies on the application of ABLT for pediatric SCI. Further control studies with a larger sample size are required to improve the ABLT program guidelines for children with SCI.

Resumen Objetivo: Discuta el impacto del entrenamiento ejercicio basado en la actividad en la lesión de la médula espinal en la función de movimiento de los niños y la capacidad de caminar. Materials y métodos: Según China Zhiwang, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Science Network y otros documentos relacionados como fuente de datos. Dos revisores usan calidad de evaluación manual de Cochrane. Resultados: Un total de 11 estudios cumplen con las condiciones. Solo hay un estudio que cumple con los proyectos estándar de ABLT. General, ABLT mejora significativamente la función de los niños con lesiones de la médula espinal, aumenta la velocidad y la distancia de caminar y mejora la capacidad de la vida diaria. Conclusión: La estrategia ABLT es de gran importancia para la función de movimiento de los niños de la médula espinal y la capacidad de caminar. En la actualidad, ABLT tiene menos investigación en lesión pediátrica de la médula espinal. Es necesario mostrar la cantidad de muestra y controlar la investigación para mejorar las pautas del plan ABLT para el daño de la médula espinal a los niños.

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between lactate acid level and hospitalization mortality in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Method Paediatric-specific critical care database collected clinical data from the intensive care unit of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University Medical College from 2010 to 2018. Clinical and laboratory examination information of NEC patients was collected and divided into the death group and discharge group to find out the risk factors affecting the prognosis through univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Among 104 NEC neonates, the admission age was 7.5 days and the weight was 2.03 kg. Comparing the death group with the discharge group, there were significant differences in therapeutic regimen, pH, serum albumin, total protein, creatinine and lactate acid. Multivariate and threshold effect analysis showed that lactate acid had a linear correlation with hospital mortality, and newborns who died in the hospital had much higher lactate levels than those who were discharged. The mortality of NEC newborns increased by 40-45% for every 1 mmol/L increase in lactate acid level. Conclusions There was a correlation between lactate acid level and hospital mortality in newborns with NEC, and lactate acid level was an important index to evaluate the prognosis of NEC. . (NEC) Paediatricspecific Paediatric specific Childrens Children s 201 2018 10 neonates 75 7 5 7. 203 2 03 2.0 kg regimen pH albumin protein discharged 4045% 4045 40 45% 45 40-45 mmolL mmol L (NEC 20 0 2. 404 4 40-4 40-

RESUMO Introdução Há muitos inconvenientes no esporte, sendo um dos principais problemas as lesões. Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da prática prolongada do basquetebol e as lesões esportivas associadas sobre os indicadores eletrofisiológicos sobre o estado funcional do aparelho neuromuscular em atletas especializados. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo no qual 14 jogadores de basquetebol participaram voluntariamente: 7 jogadores de basquete de 17 a 23 anos com qualificações esportivas da primeira categoria, relativamente saudáveis, com histórico de lesões no joelho e tornozelo; e 7 não-atletas sem histórico de lesões. Métodos psicofisiológicos e eletrofisiológicos foram utilizados para o estudo, que foram desenvolvidos para diagnosticar a força e resistência, mensurando a dinâmica rítmica nos movimentos das mãos, avaliando a mobilidade dos processos neurais, assim como o estado funcional do sistema nervoso central e os processos nervosos no sistema nervoso central. Resultados Foi estabelecido que o treinamento esportivo regular leva a mudanças morfológicas e funcionais no sistema neuromuscular. Conclusão Devido as repetidas lesões, os jogadores de basquetebol experimentam uma diminuição da velocidade de condução do pulso elétrico no trajeto das fibras neurais e do nível de excitabilidade reflexa no conjunto neuronal motor dos segmentos lombossacrais da medula espinhal que inervam os músculos bilaterais dos membros inferiores. Além disso, notou-se um enfraquecimento da resistência do sistema nervoso, mobilidade dos processos nervosos, deterioração do estado funcional do sistema nervoso central e dos analisadores. Evidência nível II; Estudos terapêuticos – pesquisa de resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction There are many drawbacks in sports, one of the main problems being injuries. Objective This work aimed to study the effect of prolonged basketball practice and associated sports injuries on electrophysiological indicators about the functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus in specialized athletes. Methods A study was conducted in which 14 basketball players participated voluntarily: 7 basketball players aged 17 to 23 years with first category sports qualifications, relatively healthy, with a history of knee and ankle injuries, and seven non-athletes with no history of injuries. Psychophysiological and electrophysiological methods were used for the study, designed to diagnose strength and endurance, measure rhythmic dynamics in hand movements, evaluate the mobility of neural processes, and the functional state of the central nervous system and processes in the central nervous system. Results It was established that regular sports training leads to morphological and functional changes in the neuromuscular system. Conclusion Due to repeated injuries, basketball players experience a decrease in the conduction velocity of the electrical pulse in the neural fiber pathway and in the level of reflex excitability in the neuronal motor ensemble of the lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord that innervate the bilateral muscles of the lower limbs; a weakening of the nervous system resistance, mobility of the nervous processes, deterioration of the functional state of the central nervous system and analyzers was noted. Evidence level II; Therapeutic studies - outcomes research.

RESUMEN Introducción Existen muchos inconvenientes en el deporte, siendo uno de los principales problemas las lesiones. Objetivo El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de la práctica prolongada del baloncesto y las lesiones deportivas asociadas sobre los indicadores electrofisiológicos del estado funcional del aparato neuromuscular en atletas especializados. Métodos Se realizó un estudio en el que participaron voluntariamente 14 jugadores de baloncesto: 7 jugadores de baloncesto de entre 17 y 23 años con titulación deportiva de primera categoría, relativamente sanos, con antecedentes de lesiones de rodilla y tobillo; y 7 no deportistas sin antecedentes de lesiones. Para el estudio se utilizaron métodos psicofisiológicos y electrofisiológicos, destinados a diagnosticar la fuerza y la resistencia, midiendo la dinámica rítmica en los movimientos de la mano, evaluando la movilidad de los procesos neurales, así como el estado funcional del sistema nervioso central y los procesos nerviosos en el sistema nervioso central. Resultados Se estableció que el entrenamiento deportivo regular produce cambios morfológicos y funcionales en el sistema neuromuscular. Conclusión Debido a las lesiones repetidas, los jugadores de baloncesto experimentan una disminución de la velocidad de conducción del impulso eléctrico en el trayecto de las fibras neuronales y del nivel de excitabilidad refleja en el conjunto neuronal motor de los segmentos lumbosacros de la médula espinal que inervan los músculos bilaterales de las extremidades inferiores. Además, se observó un debilitamiento de la resistencia del sistema nervioso, la movilidad de los procesos nerviosos, el deterioro del estado funcional del sistema nervioso central y de los analizadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados.

To date, there have been three common methods for sampling the cerebral ischemic border zone in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO): the “two o'clock method”, the “diagonal method”, and the “parallel line method”. However, these methods have their own advantages and limitations. Here, we propose a modified technique (the “rectangular method“) for sampling the ischemic border zone. A rat tMCAO model was prepared under the support of a compact small animal anesthesia machine. Cerebral blood flow was monitored by high-resolution laser Doppler to control the quality of modeling, and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used for cerebral infarction location assessment. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase)-3, caspase-9, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were used to verify the reliability and reproducibility of the rectangular method. The expression of biomarkers (SOD2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and HSP70) in the traditional (two o'clock method after TTC staining) and modified (rectangular method) groups were increased. There were no significant differences between the groups. The rectangular method proposed herein is based on a modification of the diagonal method and parallel line method, which could provide a directly observable infarct borderline and a sufficient sampling area for subsequent experimental operations regardless of the cerebral infarct location. The assessed biomarkers (SOD2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and HSP70) demonstrated the reliability and reproducibility of the rectangular method, which may facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons. date (tMCAO) two oclock o clock , method” . However limitations Here method“ machine highresolution high resolution modeling 2,3,5triphenyl 235triphenyl triphenyl 2,3,5 3 5 (TTC assessment SOD2, SOD2 SOD (SOD2) caspase3, caspase3 caspase 3, (caspase)-3 caspase9, caspase9 9, 9 caspase-9 7 HSP70 HSP (HSP70 (SOD2 caspase-3 increased interlaboratory inter laboratory comparisons (tMCAO 5triphenyl 235 2,3, (caspase)- caspase- HSP7 (HSP7 (SOD 23 2,3 (caspase) (HSP 2, (caspase

RNA interference (RNAi) treatment has been proven to be an important therapeutic approach in cancer based on downregulation of target-oncogenes, but its clinical efficacy still needs further investigation. LMP1 is usually presented by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive tumor cells like EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and acts as an oncogene in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism of LMP1 as a proto-oncogene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is still unclear. Two sequence-specific shRNAs 1 and 2 were designed to target the different nucleotide loci of EBV latent antigen LMP1 gene and a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the therapeutic effect of sequence-specific shRNAs targeting LMP1 and its related molecular mechanisms in EBV-positive NPC. LMP1-shRNA2 generated a truncated LMP1 mRNA and protein, whereas LMP1-shRNA1 completely blocked LMP1 mRNA and protein expression. Both LMP1-shRNAs inhibited the proliferation and migration of NPC cells overexpressing LMP1 (NPC-LMP1) as well as the NPC-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion in vitro. However, LMP1-shRNA2 maintained the immunogenicity of NPC-LMP1 cells, which provoked MHC-class I-dependent T cell recognition. LMP1-shRNAs inhibited tumor growth in nude mice but did not reach statistical significance compared to control groups, while the LDH nanoparticle loaded LMP1-shRNAs and the antigen-specific T cells induced by NPC-LMP1 cells treated with LMP1-shRNA2 significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. LMP1-RNAi-based anti-tumor therapy could be a new hope for the clinical efficacy of RNAi treatment of tumors like NPC. (RNAi targetoncogenes, targetoncogenes oncogenes, oncogenes target-oncogenes investigation LMP EpsteinBarr Epstein Barr EBVpositive positive EBVassociated associated (NPC tumorigenesis However protooncogene proto unclear sequencespecific sequence specific LMP1shRNA2 LMPshRNA shRNA2 shRNA LMP1-shRNA LMP1shRNA1 shRNA1 expression LMP1shRNAs LMPshRNAs NPCLMP1 NPCLMP (NPC-LMP1 NPCassociated myeloidderived myeloid derived MDSC (MDSC NPC-LMP MHCclass MHC class Idependent I dependent recognition groups antigenspecific LMP1RNAibased LMPRNAibased antitumor anti LMP1shRNA (NPC-LMP RNAibased

Abstract A Qingzhi compound-flavor Baijiu (QZCF Baijiu) was developed and the physiochemical factors and microbial community structure in Jiupei (fermented grains) during Baijiu fermentation were revealed. Physiochemical factors of ethanol, moisture and acidity significantly increased in the fermentation, while starch and reducing sugar decreased. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that Weissella, Pediococcus, Bacillus, Pantoea, Streptococcus, Sphingobacterium, Saccharomyces, Rhizopus, Issatchenkia and Wickerhamomyces were the dominant microorganisms in Jiupei. Moreover, correlation analysis between the physicochemical factors, the dominant microorganisms and the important flavor compounds in QZCF Baijiu production highlighted that the changes of physiochemical factors would lead to the corresponding changes of core microbiota and important flavor substances. Physiochemical factors of starch, reducing sugar and temperature could significantly affect the microbial community structure at the early stage of fermentation, while the influences of ethanol content and acidity became greater at the later stage, resulting in the differences of flavor compounds in Jiupei. Therefore, the growth and metabolism of microbial communities could be regulated by purposefully adjusting the physiochemical factors, thereby improving the flavor and quality of Baijiu. This work enriched the flavor types of Baijiu and provided a reference for the Baijiu-making industries to manage their production process.

RESUMEN La vegetación en las corrientes de un río natural interactúa con el flujo de agua de una manera no lineal. En esta investigación se estudia la altura de la vegetación y un concepto de inmersión relativa para investigar experimentalmente los efectos de la vegetación rígida sumergida en una estructura de flujo. Los resultados revelan que las submersiones relativas decrecen a lo largo de la sección de vegetación sumergida. Desde la perspectiva del caso promedio, la relación lineal entre la profundidad del agua y la altura de la vegetación demuestra una tendencia a la baja del promedio de la inmersión relativa a medida que se incrementa la altura de la vegetación. Las diferencias entre la profundidad mínima y máxima del agua en los casos de inmersión puede describirse a través de una función lineal positiva con la altura de la vegetación y una función de poder negativa con inmersión relativa, por lo que el incremento del nivel del agua ocasionado por el bloqueo de la vegetación se puede predecir con condiciones hidráulicas similares. Los hallazgos de la investigación, especialmente la introducción de la inmersión relativa y su relación funcional con la alternación de la profundidad del agua inducida por la vegetación sumergida, pueden mejorar los amplios conocimientos de los comportamientos hidráulicos en un canal abierto con vegetación y pueden ofrecer información para la restauración ecológica de ríos.

ABSTRACT: Vegetation commonly existing in natural rivers interact with water flow in a strongly nonlinear manner. In this research, vegetation height and a concept of relative submergence are adopted to experimentally investigate the effects of rigid submerged vegetation on flow structure. The results reveal that the relative submergences decrease along the submerged vegetation section. From the perspective of case-average, the linear relationship between water depth and vegetation height demonstrates a decrease trend of average relative submergence with the increase of vegetation height. The differences between the maximum and minimum water depths of submerged cases can be described by a positive linear function with vegetation height and a negative power function with relative submergence, by which, the raised water depths induced by vegetation block can be predicted under similar hydraulic conditions. The findings of the research, especially the introduction of relative submergence and its functional relationship with the water depth alternation induced by submerged vegetation, may improve the comprehensive understandings of the hydraulic behaviors in vegetated open channel and give some guidance to the practices of river ecological restoration.