ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To identify recent HIV-1 infection and estimate HIV incidence among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) in Brazil. METHODS: From January to December 2020, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted with baseline data from the PrEP1519 study, an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration cohort in Brazil among sexually active AMSM/ATGW aged 15-19. For enrollment, participants were screened with a fourth-generation HIV rapid test. The recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) included a recency assay in blood specimens, viral load, and CD4 cell count prior to antiretroviral treatment use. Among these participants, RITA-based HIV incidence was estimated using a mean duration of recency infection of 214 days and a false-recent rate of 0.02. RESULTS: Out of the 494 participants screened, 21 tested positive for HIV. Following RITA, five adolescents had a recent HIV infection, 14 had long-term infections, and two did not have blood specimens available. We classified these two participants as long-term infection cases due to CD4 cell counts and previous use of antiretroviral treatment. Among those who tested positive, all but one were AMSM (94.7%), 73.6% were aged 18-19, and 76.2% were non-White. The HIV prevalence was 4.2%, and the estimated HIV incidence was 1.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated incidence highlights the need for targeted HIV prevention interventions, such as PrEP, for sexual minority adolescents. Integrating RITA into routine HIV testing services for this population provides valuable information on the current HIV epidemic. This strategy can aid in monitoring the effectiveness of prevention efforts and improving early entry to HIV care.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To identify recent HIV-1 infection and estimate HIV incidence among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) in Brazil. METHODS: From January to December 2020, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted with baseline data from the PrEP1519 study, an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration cohort in Brazil among sexually active AMSM/ATGW aged 15-19. For enrollment, participants were screened with a fourth-generation HIV rapid test. The recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) included a recency assay in blood specimens, viral load, and CD4 cell count prior to antiretroviral treatment use. Among these participants, RITA-based HIV incidence was estimated using a mean duration of recency infection of 214 days and a false-recent rate of 0.02. RESULTS: Out of the 494 participants screened, 21 tested positive for HIV. Following RITA, five adolescents had a recent HIV infection, 14 had long-term infections, and two did not have blood specimens available. We classified these two participants as long-term infection cases due to CD4 cell counts and previous use of antiretroviral treatment. Among those who tested positive, all but one were AMSM (94.7%), 73.6% were aged 18-19, and 76.2% were non-White. The HIV prevalence was 4.2%, and the estimated HIV incidence was 1.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated incidence highlights the need for targeted HIV prevention interventions, such as PrEP, for sexual minority adolescents. Integrating RITA into routine HIV testing services for this population provides valuable information on the current HIV epidemic. This strategy can aid in monitoring the effectiveness of prevention efforts and improving early entry to HIV care. OBJECTIVE HIV1 1 HIV- (AMSM ATGW (ATGW METHODS 2020 crosssectional cross sectional PrEP PrEP151 study preexposure pre exposure (PrEP AMSMATGW 1519. 1519 15 19. 19 15-19 enrollment fourthgeneration fourth generation test (RITA load CD RITAbased based falserecent false 002 0 02 0.02 RESULTS 49 2 longterm long term infections available 94.7%, 947 94.7% , 94 7 (94.7%) 736 73 6 73.6 1819, 1819 18 19, 18-19 762 76 76.2 nonWhite. nonWhite non White. White non-White 42 4 4.2% 17 1.7% CONCLUSIONS interventions epidemic care 202 PrEP15 151 15-1 00 0.0 94.7 9 (94.7% 73. 181 18-1 76. 4.2 1.7 20 PrEP1 15- 0. 94. (94.7 18- 4. 1. (94. (94 (9 (

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Analyze cesarean sections according to Robson&apos;s classification in peruvian public hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study in 64375 deliveries attended at the Hipolito Unanue hospital in Tacna according to Robson´s classification. Cesarean rates, absolute and relative contribution, cesarean sections´ indications and maternal perinatal risks were compared in two periods (2000-2009, 2010-2018). Chi2 was used with statistical significance when p <0.05 and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) with significant risk when IC> 1 and p <0.05. The data was obtained from the Perinatal Informatic System and processed in SPSS version 25. RESULTS: The overall cesarean section rate was 38.6% with an increase of 23.9% in 2000 to 55.8% in 2018; a predominance of groups 1, 3 and 5 who had greater absolute and relative contribution. The main indications were cephalopelvic disproportion, fetal distress, previous caesarean section and preeclampsia. There was a significantly higher risk of neonatal death in groups 1 (OR = 2.6, 95% IC: 1.28-5.39, p <0.05) and 3 (OR = 3.1, 95% IC: 1.62-5, 79; p <0.05) compared with vaginal deliveries. CONCLUSIONS: The cesarean rate increased in the last 19 years, mainly in groups 1, 3 and 5 according to Robson&apos;s classification; Group 1 and 3 presented a greater risk of neonatal mortality compared with vaginal deliveries.

Resumen: OBJETIVO: Analizar la cesárea según la clasificación de Robson en un hospital público peruano. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, analítico, de partos atendidos en el Hospital Hipólito Unanue de Tacna, clasificados según Robson. En dos periodos (2000-2009 y 2010-2018) se compararon las tasas de cesárea, su contribución absoluta y relativa, indicación y riesgos maternos y perinatales. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó c2 y se consideró significación estadística al valor de p < 0.05 y razón de momios, con IC95%, con riesgo significativo cuando el IC fue mayor de 1 y p < 0.05. Los datos se obtuvieron del Sistema Informático Perinatal y se procesaron en el programa SPSS v26. RESULTADOS: De 64,375 partos analizados, la tasa global de cesárea fue de 38.6%, con incremento de 23.9% en 2000 a 55.8% en 2018, con predominio de los grupos 1, 3 y 5, que son los de mayor contribución absoluta y relativa. Las principales indicaciones de la cesárea fueron: desproporción céfalo-pélvica (grupos 1 a 4), sufrimiento fetal, cesárea anterior y preeclampsia. Los grupos 1 (OR = 2.63; IC95%: 1.28-5.39; p < 0.05) y 3 (OR = 3.06; IC95%: 1.62-5.79; p < 0.05) tuvieron significativamente mayor riesgo de muerte neonatal en comparación con los de parto. CONCLUSIONES: La tasa de cesárea se incrementó en los últimos 19 años, principalmente en los grupos 1, 3 y 5 según la clasificación de Robson. Los grupos 1 y 3 tuvieron mayor riesgo de mortalidad neonatal que el de los nacidos por parto.