Abstract Objective To compare the cardiovascular risk and physical fitness, according to type of school in a national sample of Chilean school students. Methods A total of 7,218 students participated, who completed all the national tests of the National System for Measuring the Quality of Education, which included physical fitness and anthropometric tests. The results were compared according to the type of educational establishment and anthropometric indicators were considered. Physical fitness was measured by lower extremity strength, abdominal strength, upper extremity strength, trunk flexibility, exertional heart rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Body mass index, heart rate, and waist-to-height ratio were analyzed as predictors of cardiovascular risk. Results There were differences according to the type of establishment in the predictors of cardiovascular risk (p < 0.05). Differences were also found in the physical fitness tests evaluated (p < 0.01). Students in private schools (PSC) and subsidized schools (SC) had lower levels of cardiovascular risk and higher levels of physical fitness than public schools (PS) and schools with delegated administration (DA). Conclusions In conclusion, students in educational establishments with a higher socioeconomic level have lower levels of cardiovascular risk and better physical fitness than students in public establishments. The authors suggest considering specific school interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk and improve physical fitness among this vulnerable population. To this end, future studies should analyze the characteristics of physical activity and nutritional habits in schools to determine the factors that affect the results. 7218 7 218 7,21 participated Education considered strength flexibility rate index waisttoheight waist height p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 0.01. 001 0.01 01 0.01) PSC (PSC SC (SC PS (PS DA. DA (DA) conclusion population end 721 21 7,2 00 0.0 (DA 72 2 7, 0.

SUMMARY: Electrical bioimpedance (BIA), being a non- invasive technique but with high precision, has become a valuable tool for determining body composition in the military, facilitating the control of the different variables associated with each specialty. The aim of the present study was to describe the body composition profile of elite military personnel at the end of a specialization course. Eleven military personnel between 22 and 29 years of age participated in the study. Body composition was assessed by BIA immediately after completion of a specialization course for elite military personnel. Assessments in the military on body composition variables through BIA showed: body weight of 84.3 ± 4.52 kg, height 1.78 ± 0.06 m, body mass index (BMI) 26.5 ± 1.09, adipose tissue of 13.7 ± 3.65 %, muscle tissue 49.5 ± 2.34 %, fat free mass 72.7 ± 5.23 kg and 53.2 ± 3.78 l of total body water. Conclusions: Elite military personnel presented high levels of fat free mass, muscle tissue and low levels of adipose tissue which favors the development of specialized military activities and decreases the risk of injury. The data collected here serve as a frame of reference for future studies.

RESUMEN: La Bioimpedancia Eléctrica (BIA), al ser una técnica no invasiva pero de elevada precisión, se ha convertido en la actualidad en una herramienta valiosa para determinar la composición corporal en militares, facilitado el control de las distintas variables que se asocian a cada especialidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el perfil de composición corporal en militares de elite al momento de finalizar un curso de especialización. Participaron 11 militares con un rango de edad entre 22 y 29 años. Se evalúo la composición corporal a través de BIA, inmediatamente después de finalizado un curso de especialización para militares de élite. Las evaluaciones en los militares sobre las variables de la composición corporal a través de BIA mostraron: peso corporal de 84,3 ± 4,52 kg, talla 1,78 ± 0,06 m, índice de masa corporal (IMC) 26,5 ± 1,09, tejido adiposo de 13,7 ± 3,65 %, tejido muscular 49,5 ± 2,34 %, masa libre de grasa 72,7 ± 5,23 kg y 53,2 ± 3,78 l de agua corporal total. Conclusiones: Los militares de elite presentaron elevados niveles de masa libre de grasa, tejido muscular y bajos niveles de tejido adiposo lo que favorece el desarrollo de las actividades militares especializadas y disminuye el riesgo de lesiones. Los datos aquí recogidos sirven como marco de referencia para futuros estudios.

SUMMARY: To determine the effect of a concurrent training program on body composition and phase angle in young women. 38 women (19.26 ± 1.86 years) participated in the study, and were assigned according to convenience sampling into two groups: 11 into the control group (CG) and 27 into the intervention group (IG). The IG performed a 12-weeks concurrent training protocol. The frequency was five days a week, and the intensity was established in 40-60 % of a repetition maximum to strength exercise, and 40-65 % heart rate reserve to endurance exercise. Body composition and phase angle were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance before and after the intervention. The IG had a decrease in fat mass (pre = 24.66 ± 5.65 kg; post = 20.38 ± 4.20 kg; Cohen’s d = .80; p< 0,001 [CI 95 % = 3.34,5.22]), and an increase in muscle mass (pre = 22.75 ± 3.23 kg; post: 23.50 ± 3.41 kg; Cohen’s d = -0.86; p= <0,001[CI 95 % = -1.09,- 0.40]) and total phase angle (pre = 5.72º ±0.39; post: 6.24º ± 0.51; Cohen’s d = -1.32; p=<0,001 [CI 95 % = -0.67,-0.36]), whereas the CG had not show significant variations in variables of body composition or total phase angle. The results suggest that a 12-weeks concurrent training program could modify positively the young women’s body composition and phase angle. Hence, it is recommended using similar protocols to change variables related to young women’s health.

RESUMEN: El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento concurrente sobre la composición corporal y el ángulo de fase en mujeres jóvenes. 38 mujeres (19.26 ± 1.86 años) participaron en el estudio, y fueron asignadas de acuerdo a un muestreo de conveniencia en dos grupos: 11 en el grupo control (CG) y 27 en el grupo de intervención (GI). El IG realizó un protocolo de entrenamiento concurrente de 12 semanas. La frecuencia fue de cinco días a la semana y la intensidad se estableció en 40-60 % una repetición máxima para el ejercicio de fuerza y 40-65 % de frecuencia cardíaca de reserva para ejercicio de resistencia. La composición corporal y el ángulo de fase se evaluaron mediante impedancia bioeléctrica antes y después de la intervención. El IG tuvo una disminución en la masa grasa (pre = 24.66 ± 5.65 kg; post = 20.38 ± 4.20 kg; d de Cohen = .80; p <0,001 [IC 95 % = 3.34,5.22]), y un aumento en la masa muscular (pre = 22,75 ± 3,23 kg; post: 23,50 ± 3,41 kg; d de Cohen = -0,86; p = <0,001 [IC 95 % = -1,09, -0,40]) y ángulo de fase total (pre = 5,72º ± 0,39; post: 6,24 º ± 0,51; d de Cohen = -1,32; p = <0,001 [IC 95 % = -0,67, -0,36]), mientras que el GC no mostró variaciones significativas en las variables de composición corporal o ángulo de fase total. Los resultados sugieren que un programa de entrenamiento concurrente de 12 semanas podría modificar positivamente la composición corporal y el ángulo de fase de mujeres jóvenes. Por lo tanto, se recomienda utilizar protocolos similares para mofificar variables relacionadas con la salud de mujeres jóvenes.

SUMMARY: The objective of the study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype in male elite junior tennis players from the International Tennis Federation (ITF). Twenty five players of 17.04 ± 1.05 years participated. The body composition was evaluated with the restricted profile of 25 variables proposed by Kerr based on the pent compartmental method, which divided the body into 5 components (tissues: muscle, adipose, bone, residual, and skin). The somatotype was identified with the Heath and Carter method. For the evaluation, the norms proposed by the International Society for the Advancement of Cineanthropometry (ISAK) and the Spanish Group of Cineanthropometry (GREC) were used. The percentage of muscle tissue was 47.65 ± 2.83 %, adipose tissue of 23.23 ± 3.56 %, and bone tissue of 11.79 ± 1.56 % with a muscle-osseous index (IMO) of 4.09 ± 0.50. Regarding somatotype, a balanced mesomorphic classification was observed with values of 2.5 ± 0.81 of endomorphy, 4.9 ± 0.66 of mesomorphy, and 2.7 ± 0.96 of ectomorphy. The group of tennis players presented a predominance of the mesomorphy component with a balance between the components endomorphy and ectomorphy with characteristics of body composition similar to those found in the literature. The present study provides referential data on the anthropometric characteristics in South American tennis players elite junior category.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características antropométricas, composición corporal y somatotipo en tenistas varones elite juniors sudamericanos de la Federación Internacional de Tenis. Participaron 25 jugadores de 17,04 ± 1,05 años. La composición corporal se evaluó con el perfil restringido de 25 variables propuesto por Kerr en base al método pentacompartimental, el cual fracciona el cuerpo en 5 componentes (tejidos: muscular, adiposo, óseo, residual, y piel). El somatotipo se identificó con el método de Heath y Carter. Para la evaluación se utilizaron las normas propuestas por La Sociedad Internacional para el Avance de la Cineantropometría (ISAK) y el Grupo Español de Cineantropometría (GREC). El porcentaje de tejido muscular fue de 47,65 ± 2,83 %, tejido adiposo de 23,23 ± 3,56 %, y tejido óseo de 11,79 ± 1,56 % con un índice músculoóseo(IMO) de 4,09 ± 0,50. En cuanto al somatotipo se apreció una clasificación de tipo mesomorfo balanceado con valores de 2,5 ± 0,81 de endomorfia, 4,9 ± 0,66 de mesomorfia, y 2,7 ± 0,96 de ectomorfia. El grupo de tenistas presentó un predominio del componente mesomorfia con un equilibrio entre los componentes endomorfia y ectomorfia con características de composición corporal similares a las encontradas en la literatura. El presente estudio entrega datos referenciales sobre las características antropométricas en tenistas sudamericanos nivel elite categoría junior.