RESUMO CONTEXTO: O papel do polimorfismo -251A>T no gene anti-inflamatório citocina interleucina-8 (IL-8) no câncer gástrico foi intensamente avaliado, mas os resultados desses estudos foram inconsistentes. OBJETIVO: Portanto, realizamos uma meta-análise para fornecer dados abrangentes sobre a associação de IL-8 -251T>A polimorfismo com câncer gástrico. MÉTODOS: Todos os estudos elegíveis foram identificados nos bancos de dados PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang e CNKI antes de 01 de setembro de 2019. As relações de probabilidades agrupadas (ORs) com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC) foram derivadas de um modelo de efeito fixo ou efeito aleatório. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 33 estudos de controle de caso com 6.192 casos e 9.567 controles. No geral, dados agrupados mostraram que o polimorfismo IL-8 -251T>A foi significativamente associado a um risco aumentado de câncer gástrico em todos os cinco modelos genéticos, isto é, alelo (A vs T: OR=1,189; 95% CI 1,027-1,378; P=0,021), homozigoto (AA vs TT: OR=1,307; 95% CI 1,111-1,536; P=0,001), heterozigoto (AT vs TT: OR=1,188; 95% CI 1,061-1,330; P=0,003), dominante (AA+AT vs TT: OR=1,337; 95% CI 1,115-1,602; P=0,002) e recessivo (AA vs AT+TT: OR=1,241; 95% CI 1,045-1,474; P=0,014). A análise estratificada por etnia revelou um risco aumentado de câncer gástrico em asiáticos e populações mistas, mas não em caucasianos. Além disso, estratificado por país. Encontrou-se uma associação significativa em chineses, coreanos e brasileiros, mas não entre os japoneses. CONCLUSÃO: Esta meta-análise sugere que o polimorfismo IL-8 -251T>A está associado a um risco aumentado de câncer gástrico, especialmente por etnia (populações asiáticas e mistas) e por país (chinês, coreano e brasileiro).

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The role of -251A>T polymorphism in the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene in gastric cancer was intensively evaluated, but the results of these studies were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive data on the association of IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism with gastric cancer. METHODS: All eligible studies were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang and CNKI databases before September 01, 2019. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from a fixed effect or random effect model. RESULTS: A total of 33 case-control studies with 6,192 cases and 9,567 controls were selected. Overall, pooled data showed that IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer under all five genetic models, i.e., allele (A vs T: OR=1.189, 95% CI 1.027-1.378, P=0.021), homozygote (AA vs TT: OR=1.307, 95% CI 1.111-1.536, P=0.001), heterozygote (AT vs TT: OR=1.188, 95% CI 1.061-1.330, P=0.003), dominant (AA+AT vs TT: OR=1.337, 95% CI 1.115-1.602, P=0.002) and recessive (AA vs AT+TT: OR=1.241, 95% CI 1.045-1.474, P=0.014). The stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed an increased risk of gastric cancer in Asians and mixed populations, but not in Caucasians. Moreover, stratified by country found a significant association in Chinese, Korean and Brazilian, but not among Japanese. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that the IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, especially by ethnicity (Asian and mixed populations) and country (Chinese, Korean and Brazilian).

ABSTRACT Background: Hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the commonest autoimmune endocrine illness in which antibodies against thyroid organ result in inflammation. The disease has a complex etiology that involves genetic and environmental influences. Viral infections may be involved in triggering of the disease as their molecular mimicry enhance autoimmune responses. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is recognized for its contribution to some autoimmune diseases. Objective: In the current study, the prevalence of HHV-6 active infection in patients with HT and with non-autoimmune thyroid disorders were compared with patients with euthyroidism. In addition, a correlation between presence of HHV-6 infections and HT was investigated. Methods: A total of 151 patients with clinically and laboratory confirmed HT, 59 patients with non-autoimmune thyroid disorders, and 32 patients with normal thyroid function were included in the study. For further confirmation of HT disease, all the precipitants were tested for anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies. For detection of both HHV-6 types A and B, nested PCR and restriction enzyme digestion were used. HHV-6 DNA positive samples were further investigated by DNA sequencing analysis. Results: HHV-6A DNA was found in serum sample of 57 out of 151 patients (38%) with HT, which was significantly more often than in patients with non-autoimmune thyroid disorders (p = 0.001). However, HHV-6 DNA was not detected in serum samples of euthyroid subjects. Conclusions: The results support a possible role for active HHV-6A infection, demonstrated by the presence of HHV-6 DNA in sera, in the development of HT.

RESUMO Introdução: O polimorfismo da matriz metaloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) -181A>G tem sido relatado como associado à suscetibilidade dos cânceres colorretal (CRC) e gástrico (GC), mas os resultados desses estudos anteriores foram inconsistentes ou controversos. Objetivo: Elaborar metanálise para avaliar a associação do polimorfismo -181A> G da MMP-7 com o risco de CRC e GC. Métodos: Revisão da literatura publicada avaliando essa associação no PubMed, Web of Science, Google Acadêmico e outras bases de dados até 25 de abril de 2018. Odds ratio (OR) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC) foram calculados usando dados aleatórios ou modelo de efeitos fixos. Resultados: Um total de 19 estudos caso-controle, que incluíram 11 trabalhos sobre CRC (2.169 casos de CCR e 2.346 controles) e oito sobre GC (1.545 casos de GC e 2.366 controles) foram identificados. Houve associação significativa entre o polimorfismo MMP-7 -181A>G e o risco de GC sob o modelo homozigoto (GG vs. AA: OR=1,672, IC 95% 1,161-2,409, p=0,006) e o modelo recessivo (GG vs. GA + AA: OR=1,672, IC 95% 1,319-2,554, p=0,001), mas não com CRC. Por análise de subgrupos com base na etnia, um risco aumentado de CRC e GC foi encontrado apenas entre os asiáticos. Conclusões: Esta metanálise sugere que os polimorfismos MMP-7 -181A>G estão associados ao risco de GC, mas não ao CRC. No entanto, estes resultados mostraram claramente que o polimorfismo MMP-7 -181A>G aumentou significativamente o risco de CRC apenas em asiáticos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) gene -181A>G polymorphism has been reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) susceptibility, yet the results of these previous results have been inconsistent or controversial. Aim: To elaborate a meta-analysis to assess the association of -181A>G polymorphism of MMP-7 with CRC and GC risk. Methods: Published literature evaluating the association from PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and other databases were retrieved up to April 25, 2018. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects model. Results: A total of 19 case-control studies, which included eleven studies on CRC (2,169 CRC cases and 2,346 controls) and eight studies on GC (1,545 GC cases and 2,366 controls) were identified. There was a significant association between MMP-7 -181A>G polymorphism and GC risk under the homozygote model (GG vs. AA: OR=1.672, 95% CI 1.161-2.409, p=0.006) and the recessive model (GG vs. GA+AA: OR=1.672, 95% CI 1.319-2.554, p=0.001), but not with CRC. By subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, an increased risk of CRC and GC was found only among Asians. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that MMP-7 -181A>G polymorphisms is associated with GC risk, but not with CRC. However, our results clearly showed that the MMP-7 -181A>G polymorphism significantly increased the risk of CRC only in Asians.

ABSTRACT A novel, clean, mild and eco-friendly benign route to pyrano[4,3 -b ]chromenes through cyclocondensation reaction of β -naphthol, aldehydes and 4-hydroxycoumarin, using POImD as a novel and reusable organometallic catalyst, is described. The present methodology offers several advantages such as simple work-up procedure, short reaction time, high yields of product with better purity and green aspect by avoiding toxic catalyst and hazardous solvent. All of synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and elemental analyses.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Tem havido crescente interesse no estudo da associação entre polimorfismos do gene mutL homólogo 1 humano (hMLH1) e risco de câncer colorretal (CRC). No entanto, os resultados de estudos anteriores não são conclusivos. Assim, uma meta-análise foi conduzida para obter uma estimativa mais precisa dos efeitos desse gene. MÉTODOS: Uma pesquisa abrangente foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature até 10 de janeiro de 2018. Odds ratio (OR) com 95% de intervalo de confiança (IC) foi utilizado para avaliar a força da associação. RESULTADOS: Finalmente, foram identificados 38 estudos de casos e controles em 32 publicações, atendendo aos nossos critérios de inclusão. Houve 14 estudos com 20.668 casos e 19.533 controles em hMLH1 −93G>A, 11 estudos com 5.786 casos e 8.867 controles em 655A>G e cinco estudos com 1.409 casos e 1.637 controles em 1151T>Um polimorfismo. Os resultados combinados mostraram que os polimorfismos 655A>G e 1151T>A estavam significativamente associados ao risco de CRC, enquanto que o polimorfismo −93G>A não estava significativamente associado ao risco de CRC. Quanto à etnia, os polimorfismos de −93G>A e 655A>G foram associados ao risco aumentado de CRC entre os asiáticos, mas não entre os caucasianos. Mais interessante, a análise de subgrupos indicou que 655A>G pode aumentar o risco de CRC em subgrupos PCR-RFLP e HB. CONCLUSÃO: Inconsistente com a meta-análise anterior, esta meta-análise mostra que os polimorfismos hMLH1 655A>G e 1151T>A podem ser fatores de risco para CRC. Além disso, o polimorfismo −93G>A está associado à susceptibilidade do CRC na população asiática.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: There has been increasing interest in the study of the association between human mutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) gene polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, results from previous studies are inconclusive. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the effects of this gene. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature databases until January 1, 2018. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS: Finally, 38 case-control studies in 32 publications were identified met our inclusion criteria. There were 14 studies with 20668 cases and 19533 controls on hMLH1 −93G>A, 11 studies with 5,786 cases and 8,867 controls on 655A>G and 5 studies with 1409 cases and 1637 controls on 1151T>A polymorphism. The combined results showed that 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms were significantly associated with CRC risk, whereas −93G>A polymorphism was not significantly associated with CRC risk. As for ethnicity, −93G>A and 655A>G polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of CRC among Asians, but not among Caucasians. More interestingly, subgroup analysis indicated that 655A>G might raise CRC risk in PCR-RFLP and HB subgroups. CONCLUSION: Inconsistent with previous meta-analyses, this meta-analysis shows that the hMLH1 655A>G and 1151T>A polymorphisms might be risk factors for CRC. Moreover, the −93G>A polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of CRC in Asian population.

In this study, CuO thin films were deposited on glass substrates at a wide range of temperatures from 450ºC to 550ºC with steps of 25ºC by chemical spray pyrolysis technique. Aiming to investigate the effect of annealing process, one of the resulting films was annealed at 450ºC for 3 hours under ambient air. Based on X-ray diffraction, all the resulting films are monoclinic with two prominent peaks at ~36º and ~39º. The crystallite size of the CuO film deposited at 450ºC was found to be the largest in comparison with the others. As the substrate temperature increased, a gradual change was observed for the CuO thin film surface morphology and in the case of annealed film, the grains and their boundaries became indistinguishable. The resistivity of the films was reduced by virtue of increasing the substrate temperature and also, both the mobility and carrier concentration of the annealed film were improved drastically after annealing. As expected, the CuO thin films absorption was considerable in the visible region and gradually declined after 800nm. The estimated band gap value of the CuO film deposited at 450ºC were fairly close to the optimum band gap for solar applications.

Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor representing with poor prognosis, therapy resistance and high metastasis rate. Increased expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2, a member of matrix metalloproteinase family proteins, has been reported in many cancers including glioblastoma. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression has resulted in reduced aggression of glioblastoma tumors in several reports. In the present study, we evaluated effect of bee venom on expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 as well as potential toxicity and apoptogenic properties of bee venom on glioblastoma cells. Human A172 glioblastoma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of bee venom. Then, cell viability, apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity were measured using MMT assay, propidium iodide staining, real time-PCR, and zymography, respectively. The IC50 value of bee venom was 28.5 µg/ml in which it leads to decrease of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Incubation with bee venom also decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in this cell line (p < 0.05). In zymography, there was a reverse correlation between bee venom concentration and total matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. Induction of apoptosis as well as inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and expression can be suggested as molecular mechanisms involved in cytotoxic and antimetastatic effects of bee venom against glioblastoma cells.

A clean and environmentally benign route to 2-amino-4H-chromenes has been developed via three-component condensation reaction of various benzyl alcohols, malononitrile and 1-naphthol, using a catalytical amount of CAN and a reusable ionic liquid 3,3-(Butane-1,4-diyl)bis(1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium) bromide ([BDBDMIm]Br) as a catalyst at room temperature. The present methodology offers several advantages such as solvent-free conditions, excellent yields, simple procedure, mild conditions and reduced environmental consequences. The ionic liquid was recovered and reused. All of synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and elemental analyses.

The first synthesis of azo bearing coumarins from azo aldehydes and malononitrile in the presence of an efficient catalyst, trichlorotriazine under ultrasound irradiation in high yield and short reaction time is reported. In the other study, the first electrophilic substitution under ultrasound irradiation for the synthesis of azo bearing coumarins was developed. All of synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis.

An efficient and simple solvent-free procedure for the synthesis of 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[α]-xanthen-11-one derivatives via the one-pot multi-component condensation of dimedone with aromatic aldehydes and β-naphthol in the presence of protic acidic ionic liquid pyrazinium di(hydrogen sulfate) {Py(HSO4)2} as a green and homogeneous catalyst is described. All reactions proceed efficiently, and the title compounds are produced in high yields and in short reaction times.

Se describe un procedimiento simple y eficiente para la síntesis de derivados de 12-aril-8,9,10,12-tetrahidrobenzo[α]-xanten-11-ona mediante la condensación de multicomponentes en un solo paso de dimedona con aldehidos aromáticos y β-nafthol en presencia del líquido iónico ácido di(sulfato ácido) de pirazonio [Py(HSO4)2] como catalizador homogéneo y verde. Todas las reacciones procedieron eficientemente en tiempos cortos de reacción.

Several derivatives of dihydropyridines are prepared through the condensation of aldehydes, dimedone and NH4OAc in H2O, in the presence of a catalytic amount of nano-Fe3O4. The crystalline products were characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR and 13C NMR. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP level is used to optimize the geometries of isolated molecules, and to calculate the, FTIR, ¹H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of selected synthesized compounds. We found that the DFT B3LYP calculated FTIR, ¹H NMR and 13C NMR spectra are in accordance with the experimental data.

Magnetic nano-Fe3O4 was applied in the presence of atmospheric air as a green, efficient, heterogeneous and reusable catalytic system for the synthesis of benzimidazoles via the reactions of o-phenylenediamine (1 eq) with aryl aldehydes (1 eq) in excellent yields (85-97 %) and short reaction times (30-100 min) with a proposed mechanism.

Bronstedacidic ionic liquid 3-methyl-1-sulphonic acid imidazolium chloride {[Msim]Cl} is utilized as a highly efficient, inexpensive, mild and green catalyst for the synthesis of β-acetamido ketones by the one-pot multi-component coupling between acetophenones, arylaldehydes, acetonitrile and acetyl chloride at room temperature. Under these conditions, the title compounds are produced in high to excellent yields and in relatively short reaction times. In addition, this method is superior to reported methods, for the synthesis of β-acetamido ketones and is applicable for the synthesis of tris(β-acetamido ketone).

Um novo procedimento foi desenvolvido para microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva de cádmio antes de sua determinação por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama. A maior dificuldade na combinação da microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva com espectrometria de absorção atômica é a alta absorção de fundo dos solventes de extração e dispersores que encobrem a absorbância do analito. A absorção de fundo foi removida trocando o solvente orgânico da fase sedimentada por um solvente aquoso. No sistema proposto, tetracloroetileno (C2Cl4) e tetrahidrofurano (THF) foram usados como solventes extrator e dispersivo, respectivamente, e, como agente complexante foi usada a ditizona. Vários fatores que podem afetar o processo de extração, como solvente dispersor, solvente de extração, o volume desses solventes, tempo de extração, temperatura da solução, concentração do agente quelante e pH foram otimizados. O efeito de interferentes na recuperação de cádmio foi estudado. Os resultados mostraram que as recuperações de cádmio são quase quantitativas na presença de íons interferentes. Sob condições ótimas, os fatores de enriquecimento e de pré-concentração foram 34,5 e 26, respectivamente; as recuperações de extração e relativa foram 69% e 99%, respectivamente. O sistema mostrou-se linear no intervalo de concentração de 5 a150 µg L-1, com limite de detecção de 1,2 µg L-1 e desvio padrão relativo (n = 8) de 2,1%. O método proposto foi aplicado com sucesso na determinação de cádmio em amostras de água

A new procedure was developed for dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction of cadmium prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The major difficulty in combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with flame atomic absorption spectrometry is high background absorption of the extraction and disperser solvents that covers the absorbance of analyte. The background absorption was removed by changing the solvent of sedimented phase from organic to aqueous. In the proposed approach, tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) and tetrahydroforan (THF) were used as extraction and dispersive solvents respectively. Dithizone was used as complexing agent. Several factors that may be affect on the extraction process, such as, extraction solvent, disperser solvent, the volume of extraction and disperser solvent, extraction time, temperature of solution, concentration of chelating agent and pH were optimized. The effects of common coexisting ions on the recovery of cadmium were studied. Results showed that cadmium recoveries are almost quantitative in the presence of interfering ions. Under the optimal conditions the enrichment and enhancement factors were 34.5 and 26 respectively, the extraction and relative recoveries were 69% and 99% respectively, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 5-150 µg L-1, the detection limit was 1.2 µg L-1 and the relative standard deviation (n = 8) was 2.1%. The proposed method was applied successfully for determination of trace amounts of cadmium in water samples

A contaminação de alimentos pela migração de aditivos de baixo peso molecular em alimentos processados industrialmente pode ser resultado do contato direto entre a embalagem e o alimento. A concentração do aditivo que migra do material da embalagem para o alimento está relacionada com as propriedades estruturais do aditivo, bem como com a natureza do material empregado na embalagem. O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um modelo QSPR pela adaptação do sistema de interferência neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) a fim de predizer o valor do coeficiente de partição K, no sistema de estudo, embalagem/alimento. Para tal, foram investigados 44 coeficientes de partição em vários sistemas, assim constituídos: 4 de simuladores alimentares, 6 de migrantes alimentares e 2 de embalagens. Um conjunto de 6 descritores moleculares, representando várias características dos simuladores de alimentos (2 descritores), dos migrantes (3 descritores) e de polímeros (1 descritor) foi empregado como a série de dados para avaliar esse estudo. Esta série de dados foi dividida em três subconjuntos: treinamento, teste e predição. A técnica de modelagem ANFIS foi aplicada pela primeira vez neste campo de estudos relacionado com alimento/embalagem. O resultado desta modelagem forneceu um RMSE de 0,0006 e o coeficiente de correlação (R²) para o ensaio da predição foi de 0,9920.

Food contaminations by migration of low molecular weight additives into foodstuffs can result from direct contact between packaging materials and food. The amount of migration is related to the structural properties of the additive as well as to the nature of packaging material. The goal of this study is to develop a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model by the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for prediction of the partition coefficient K in food/packaging system. The partition coefficients of a set of 44 systems consisted of 4 food simulants, 6 migrants and 2 packaging materials were investigated. A set of 6 molecular descriptors representing various structural characteristics of food simulants (2 descriptors), migrants (3 descriptors) and polymers (1 descriptor) was used as data set. This data set was divided into three subsets: training, test and prediction. ANFIS as a new modeling technique was applied for the first time in this field. The final model has a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0006 and correlation coefficient (R²) for the prediction set of 0.9920.