ABSTRACT Introduction: The constant maintenance of muscular strength is a highly relevant care in training for tennis practice. The unstable platform is developed with the improvement of modern and technological resources, and the need to verify its effects on the athletes’ physical fitness is requested. Objective: Study the effect of unstable platform training on tennis players’ balance ability and assertiveness. Methods: 12 male tennis-practicing students of the Beijing Sports University School of Education 2020 class were randomly selected as research volunteers. Through a literature search, data statistics, and other methods, they were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. After 6 weeks of traditional training in the control group and the addition of unstable platform balance training in the experimental group, the results were compared. Results: The ability to stand with eyes open on the dominant leg was significantly improved in the experimental group. After routine training and balance training, the athletes in the experimental group had a great improvement in the assertiveness of passes (P<0.05), and the stability of the service was also improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: After training, all physical abilities were improved. The unstable platform training is a valid resource to improve athletes’ balance and assertiveness ability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El mantenimiento constante de la fuerza muscular es un cuidado muy relevante en el entrenamiento para la práctica del tenis. La plataforma inestable se desarrolla con la mejora de los recursos modernos y tecnológicos y se solicita la comprobación de sus efectos sobre la aptitud física de los deportistas. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento en plataforma inestable sobre la capacidad de equilibrio y asertividad de los tenistas. Métodos: Un total de 12 estudiantes varones practicantes de tenis de la clase 2020 de la Escuela de Educación de la Universidad de Deportes de Pekín fueron seleccionados al azar como voluntarios para la investigación. Mediante la búsqueda de literatura, la estadística de datos y otros métodos, se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. Tras 6 semanas de entrenamiento tradicional en el grupo de control y la adición del entrenamiento de equilibrio en plataforma inestable en el grupo experimental, se compararon los resultados. Resultados: La capacidad de mantenerse en pie con los ojos abiertos sobre la pierna dominante mejoró significativamente en el grupo experimental. Después del entrenamiento de rutina y del entrenamiento de equilibrio, los atletas del grupo experimental tuvieron una gran mejora en el asertividad de los pases (P<0,05), y también mejoró la estabilidad del saque (P<0,05). Conclusión: Tras el entrenamiento, todas las capacidades físicas mejoraron. El entrenamiento en plataforma inestable es un recurso válido para mejorar la capacidad de equilibrio y asertividad de los deportistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A constante manutenção da força muscular é um cuidado altamente relevante no treinamento para a prática do tênis. A plataforma instável é desenvolvida com o aperfeiçoamento de recursos modernos e tecnológicos e a necessidade de verificar os seus efeitos sobre a aptidão física dos atletas é requisitada. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento em plataforma instável sobre a capacidade de equilíbrio e assertividade dos tenistas. Métodos: Um total de 12 estudantes masculinos praticantes de tênis da classe 2020 da Escola de Educação da Universidade Esportiva de Beijing foram selecionados aleatoriamente como voluntários de pesquisa. Através de pesquisas bibliográficas, estatísticas de dados e outros métodos, eles foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e grupo controle. Após 6 semanas de treinamento tradicional ao grupo controle e a adição de um treinamento de equilíbrio em plataforma instável no grupo experimental, comparou-se os resultados. Resultados: A capacidade de ficar em pé com os olhos abertos sobre a perna dominante foram significativamente aprimorados no grupo experimental. Após o treinamento de rotina e o treinamento de equilíbrio, os atletas do grupo experimental tiveram uma grande melhora na assertividade dos passes (P<0,05), e a estabilidade do saque também foi aprimorada(P<0,05). Conclusão: Após o treinamento, todas as habilidades físicas foram melhoradas. O treinamento em plataforma instável é um recurso válido para aprimorar a capacidade de equilíbrio e assertividade dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Mycotoxins exists in foods such as grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, nuts, and meat, which can cause foodborne illnesses seriously harmful to human health. However, people have not paid enough attention to foodborne mycotoxin poisoning. This paper reviews the food in some common mycotoxin cause foodborne disease, the potential danger of mycotoxin contaminated food to human body and other issues related to food science were revealed from the clinical point of view, also concerned with the immunomodulatory effects of mycotoxin and the antitumor properties of patulin, the applicable conditions of several risk assessment models are briefly compared the emergency management measures of food safety problems caused by mycotoxin were also discussed from the perspective of prevention. grains vegetables fruits milk nuts meat health However poisoning disease view patulin prevention

A new fluorescent detection route for chloride ion was designed with Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), which were prepared by a traditional hydrothermal method with citric acid as carbon source and urea as nitrogen source. The prepared N-GQDs solution was light yellow, and the freeze-dried solid was black. It emitted blue light under ultraviolet light. Meanwhile, The N-GQDs were characterized by TEM, XRD, UV-Vis and fluorescence, the results indicated that the N-GQDs had good dispersibility, photostability and excitation independent emission fluorescence. After addition of Ag+ solution, Ag+ combined to the surface functional groups of N-GQDs, resulting in an obvious quenching of the fluorescence intensity of N-GQDs. Nevertheless, the fluorescence intensity recovered significantly with the addition of Cl- to the N-GQDs/Ag+ system, this was because of AgCl was formed due to the “soft hard acid base principle”. The change of fluorescence intensity had a linear response to the chloride ion concentration in the range of 8.5-300 μmol L-1, with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.1 μmol L-1. To authenticate the application, the proposed method has been successfully used for quantitative analysis of chloride ion in real samples, including artificial sweat and environmental water.

Abstract Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide (SCP) is extracted from a well-known traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis (SC). We purified a new compound and would like to analyze the effect of SCP on oxidative stress (OS) in vitro. SCP was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and infrared spectrum (IR). The effect of SCP on cell proliferation, activity of oxidative and anti-oxidative index superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), protein expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its down-stream factors expression, stability of Nrf2, and binding activity of Nrf2 with DNA were tested using different methods in 293T cells. The result showed that SCP enhanced the cell proliferation of 293T cells, the contents of GSH and CAT, and the activity of SOD, while decreased the content of MDA. In addition, SCP promoted the transfer of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus, the binding activity of Nrf2 with DNA, the stability of Nrf2 protein, and prolonged the half-life of Nrf2. SCP showed a strong anti-oxidative activity and activation of the Nrf2 pathway, indicating that SCP had the potential to be developed into the natural anti-oxidant in the future.

Abstract The infants who cannot be breastfeed need to obtain energy and nutrition from other sources, such as formula. In this study, a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) rich in structured triglycerides (STG) and with a variety of fatty acids was prepared by one-step transesterification reaction. The optimum conditions for the lipase-catalyzed transesterification between basa catfish oil solid fraction, Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil, linseed oil, microbial oil and algae oil were studied and the in vitro digestibility of the constructed HMFS was investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the obtained HMFS contained 58.86% STG and 39.73% sn-2 palmitic acid (PA). Fatty acid composition analysis showed that HMFS was composed of capric acid (Ca), lauric acid (La), oleic acid (O), linoleic acid (L), linolenic acid (Ln), arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). LC-MS/MS analysis found that 142 new triglycerides were generated, such as Ca-P-ARA, Ca-P-Ln, La-P-ARA, La-P-L and P-O-ARA. Moreover, compared with physical mixture (PM), HMFS had better melting and crystallization temperature and the fatty acid release rate of HMFS was significantly improved. These results suggested that HMFS may have a great application in infant food as a nutritional ingredient.

Abstract Prediction of the development stage of flat peach is very important to determine the harvest time and guarantee high quality peach fruit. The objective of this study was to predict the development stage of flat peach by applying the SVR model based on characteristic taste attributes changes. Seven development stages were divided into immaturity stage (F1-F5) and maturity stage (F6-F7) according to PIs analysis. Both human sensory evaluation and electronic tongue showed that sourness and bitterness significantly decreased, while sweetness increased during seven development stages (P < 0.05). PCA result revealed that sourness and sweetness attributes had a high correlation between human sensory evaluation and electronic tongue. HCA classified seven development stages as two clusters, which was consistent with the PIs analysis. Seven development stages of flat peach were accurately predicted by the SVR model and the correct rate (CR) was 93.9%. The mean squared error (MSE) of each evaluation index was around 0.14 and the squared correlation coefficient (SCC) was over 0.99, which indicated the model performed well. This study proved that taste attribute could be used as an index combined with the SVR model to accurately predict the development stage of flat peach.

Abstract Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of neuropathologic damage induced by radiofrequency ablation at different temperatures. Methods This is basic research, and 36 SD rats were used to construct the neuropathological injury model. The rats were subjected to radiofrequency stimulation at different temperatures and were divided into 6 groups according to the temperature injury: 42°, 47°, 52°, 57°, 62°, and 67°C groups. Conduction time, conduction distance, and nerve conduction velocity were recorded after temperature injury. HE-staining was used to observe the histopathological morphology of the sciatic nerve. The expression of SCN9A, SCN3B, and NFASC protein in sciatic nerve tissue were detected by western blot. Results With the increase in temperature, nerve conduction velocity gradually decreased, and neurons were damaged when the temperature was 67°C. HE-staining showed that the degrees of degeneration of neurons in rats at 47°, 52°, 57°, 62°, and 67°C were gradually increased. The expression of SCN9A, SCN3B protein in 57°, 62°, 67°C groups were much higher than that of NC, 42°, 47°, 52°C groups. However, the expression of NFASC protein in 57°, 62°, 67°C groups was much lower than that of the NC, 42°, 47°, 52°C groups. Conclusion There was a positive correlation between temperature caused by the radiofrequency stimulation to neuropathological damage. The mechanism is closely related to the expression of SCN9A, SCN3B, and NFASC protein in nerve tissue caused by heat transfer injury.

Abstract Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that predicts the onset of disability, morbidity and mortality in elderly people; it is a state of pre-disability and is reversible. This review aimed to assess the impact of dietary supplementation interventions in frail older adults. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was performed to collect randomized controlled trials of dietary supplements for the treatment of frailty in the elderly published before March 2022. The frailty score, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance of the frail elderly were extracted for analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 5.4 and Stata version 15.0. Totally, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 1204 participants (603 experiment group vs. 601 control group). Compared to control group, multi-nutrient nutrition intervention can significantly improve the frailty score of the elderly (MD = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.01, P = 0.04, I2 = 0). Protein supplementation intervention significantly improved body weight (MD = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.21 to 8.52, P = 0.009), muscle mass [lean mass (MD = 2.73, 95% CI:1.26 to 4.20, P = 0.0003)], muscle strength (MD = 1.90, 95% CI: 0.68 to 3.12, P = 0.002), and physical performance [chair stand test (MD = -2.15, 95% CI: -3.21 to -1.10, P < 0.0001)] in frail older adults compared to control. This meta-analysis and systematic review suggests that dietary supplements interventions positively influence in older people with frailty.

Abstract In order to realize the rapid nondestructive detection of mildew peanut in the process of peanuts storage, hyperspectral imaging technology was proposed to detect mildew peanut. A total of 200 peanuts were selected from 5 kinds of peanuts purchased in the market for moldy treatment, and the remaining 400 peanuts were kept sterile. After completion, samples were collected with a hyperspectral instrument to obtain spectral data of the samples. According to the characteristics of the data, 10 pre-processing algorithms were used to de-noise the data, and Median Filtering (MF) had the best effect, with the recognition accuracy reaching 97.7%. GBDT, LightGBM, CatBoost and XGBoost algorithms were used to extract important feature bands in the spectral data pre-processed by MF. GBDT, LightGBM, CatBoost and XGBoost algorithms were used to model the extracted feature bands. The results showed that LightGBM is the best algorithm with a detection rate of 99.10%. Optuna algorithm was used to tune its parameters. Compared with the previous model, the running time of the optimized model was improved by about 0.25 s. The results showed that hyperspectral imaging provides an efficient and nondestructive method for detecting mildew in peanut storage.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The active melanocytes in the skin were affected by hormones and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Licorice zinc has a whitening effect, which may have a prominent potential in the treatment of pigmented skin disease. Methods: Modeling chloasma Balb/c mice by daily progesterone injection (15 mg/kg) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation (λ = 312 nm, 2 h/day) for 30 days. Then, mice were given 0.65, 1.3, and 2.6 (g/kg) of licorice zinc and tranexamic acid 250 mg daily by oral administration for 14 days, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin and Fontana-Masson staining, and Western blotting (WB) were performed to test the inhibitory of melanogenesis and activation of c-Jun-N-terminal (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) for licorice zinc. Melanogenesis was induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in vitro. Cell counting kit-8, melanin content determination, and WB were performed to verify the inhibitory effect of licorice zinc on melanogenesis. Results: The present study showed that licorice zinc decreased melanin formation, cutaneous tissue injury, and the phosphorylation of JNK and P38MAPK, which was caused by UVB irradiation in vivo. In vitro, licorice zinc showed opposite effects from JNK/p38 activator. Meanwhile, tyrosinase-related protein-1, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor were decreased too. Conclusions: Licorice zinc induced a decrease in melanin synthesis by inhibiting the JNK and the P38MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting licorice zinc is a potential agent of anti-chloasma.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome can be divided into different subtypes, including insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum asprosin levels and polycystic ovary syndrome subtypes. METHODS: A total of 93 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 77 healthy women as controls were selected for this study. The clinical and laboratory data were compared between the Polycystic ovary syndrome group and the control group. The Polycystic ovary syndrome group was further divided into subgroups: (1) women with or without hyperandrogenism (polycystic ovary syndrome hyperandrogenism and Polycystic ovary syndrome none-hyperandrogenism, respectively) and (2) women with or without insulin resistance (polycystic ovary syndrome insulin resistance and Polycystic ovary syndrome none-insulin resistance, respectively). Serum asprosin was measured by using enenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Serum asprosin levels showed no significant difference between the polycystic ovary syndrome and control groups. However, it was significantly lower in the Polycystic ovary syndrome HA and insulin resistance groups compared with the respective Polycystic ovary syndrome none-hyperandrogenism and none-insulin resistance groups (p<0.05). In the Polycystic ovary syndrome group, serum asprosin was negatively correlated with body mass index, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, basal antral follicles, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglycerides. After adjusting for body mass index, the correlations were not significant, and asprosin was only positively correlated with prolactin (prolactin; r=0.426, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that women with polycystic ovary syndrome hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance exhibit significantly lower serum asprosin levels compared with controls, and the lower asprosin level directly correlated with prolactin level.

Resumo Ginkgo biloba é um fitoterápico tradicional da medicina chinesa que contém vários componentes que contribuem para suas notáveis bioatividades. Variações sazonais, meteorológicos e de plantio do solo sobre os teores fitoquímicos em folhas de G. biloba, devido aos efeitos do crescimento meteorológico e parâmetros do solo, foram investigadas neste estudo. As folhas de G. biloba foram coletadas em diferentes meses e na província de Zhejiang, os teores de flavonas (quercetina, kaempferol e isorhamnetina) e lactonas terpênicas (bilobalida, ginkgolídeos A, B e C) foram quantificados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) e pelo método do detector de dispersão da luz por evaporação. Os métodos estabelecidos foram validados com boa linearidade, precisão, repetibilidade, estabilidade e recuperação. Uma análise abrangente sugeriu que o tempo de colheita adequado para G. biloba foi em outubro na província de Zhejiang. O resultado da análise de correlação com fatores meteorológicos mostra que a temperatura e a precipitação não têm efeito significativo sobre os principais componentes de G. biloba. Além disso, o tipo e composição (Mn e Zn) do solo apresentaram efeito significativo sobre o teor de flavonoides e lactonas terpênicas. Este estudo enriqueceu o conhecimento sobre o valor de desenvolvimento e utilização das folhas de G. biloba e foi útil para determinar o melhor tempo de colheita e condição de crescimento.

Abstract Ginkgo biloba is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine containing multiple components that contribute to its notable bioactivities. Variations of seasonal, meteorological and planting soil on the phytochemicals contents in G. biloba leaves due to the effects of growth meteorological and soil parameters were investigated in this study. The leaves of G. biloba were collected from different months and place in Zhejiang province, the contents of flavones (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) and terpene lactones (bilobalide, ginkgolides A, B and C) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) method. The established methods were validated with good linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. Comprehensive analysis suggested the proper harvest time for G. biloba was in October of Zhejiang province. The result of correlation analysis with meteorological factors shows that the temperature and precipitation have non-significant effect on the main components of G. biloba. In addition, the type and content (Mn and Zn) of the soil showed significantly effect on the content of flavonoids and terpene lactones. This study enriched the knowledge on the development and utilization value of the G. biloba leaves and was useful for determining the optimal harvest time and growing condition.

Abstract The fruits of Xanthium strumarium L., Asteraceae, have been used for various diseases in Chinese folk medicine, including allergic rhinitis, tympanitis, arthritis, ozena etc. The current study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of caffeoylquinic acids from fruits of X. strumarium on allergic rhinitis in animals. The toxicity test indicated that the caffeoylquinic acids have no obvious toxicity. By using HPLC assays combined with reference standards, ten caffeoylquinic acids were identified as the predominant constituents. Anti-allergic activities of the caffeoylquinic acids were evaluated using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test and Schultz-Dale test; dimethylbenzene induced ear edema test was performed to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect. Then, the allergic rhinitis model in rats was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the caffeoylquinic acids against allergic rhinitis with the following indexes: allergic rhinitis symptom scores, serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, histopathological examination, and histamine release. Our study revealed that the caffeoylquinic acids showed obvious anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties, and its treatments were beneficial for ameliorating the nasal symptoms, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the releases of histamine. Collectively, the caffeoylquinic acids might be utilized as effective and safe disease therapeutic agents for allergic rhinitis.

ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and net energy (NE) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, and faecal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs. Eighteen crossed barrows were randomly allocated into one of three dietary treatments: high protein + high NE diet, low protein + high NE diet, and low protein + low NE diet. The whole experiment lasted 90 days and was divided into three phases (phase I: 25-50 kg; phase II: 50-75 kg; phase III: 75-105 kg). All pigs were individually housed in a metabolism cage and subjected to four-day total faeces and urine collection period at the end of each phase. There was no significant difference in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum total protein, and albumin concentrations of pigs among the dietary treatments. Compared with the high protein + high NE diet, pigs fed low protein + high NE and low protein + low NE diets had lower N intake, urine N, and total N excretion in each phase. At the end of the experiment, pigs fed the low protein + high NE and low protein + low NE diets had lower blood urea nitrogen, serum NH3-N concentrations, faecal pH value, faecal NH3-N concentration, and faecal Escherichia coli count than those fed the high protein + high NE diet. However, there was no significant difference in all of the above indexes between low protein + high NE and low protein + low NE diets. Decreasing the dietary protein content by 3.5 percentage units has no adverse effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs while significantly reduces N excretion and faecal Escherichia coli count. Moreover, further decreasing dietary NE level in the low-protein diet by 0.35-0.5 MJ/kg does not affect growth performance, nutrient digestibility, N excretion, blood profiles, and faecal Escherichia coli count of pigs.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Realizamos este estudo para investigar a eficácia clínica da colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (ERCP) na coledocolitíase idosa e seus efeitos nos níveis de TNF-α, IL-1 e IL-6. MÉTODOS: Pacientes idosos com coledocolitíase foram matriculados neste estudo. De acordo com os métodos cirúrgicos, eles foram divididos em grupo ERCP e grupo cirúrgico. Após o tratamento, comparamos a eficácia desses dois métodos em pacientes, respostas inflamatórias indicadas pelos níveis de TNF-α, IL-1 e IL-6 e as complicações. RESULTADOS: Não houve significância estatística na diferença da taxa de sucesso na remoção entre os dois grupos (98% versus 94%), mas indicadores do grupo ERCP, incluindo a duração cirúrgica (28,5 ± 12,8) min, duração da remissão da dor abdominal (1,2 ± 0,2) d, tempo de recessão de icterícia (2,0 ± 0,3) d, tempo pós-operatório (1,4 ± 0,2) d, tempo de tratamento da infecção (1,5 ± 0,2) d, duração da internação (6,5 ± 0,3) d, níveis de TNF-α (2,1 ± 0,2) μg / L, IL-1 (6,3 ± 0,8) μg / L, IL-6 (2,8 ± 0,3) μg / L e a taxa de incidência de complicações (1,8 %) foram todos significativamente inferiores aos do grupo cirúrgico (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: No tratamento da coledocolitíase, a ERCP é excelente no controle do trauma, acelerando a duração da recuperação, reduzindo a ocorrência de complicações e melhorando as respostas inflamatórias. Assim, é uma escolha ideal para a coledocolitíase.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on elder choledocholithiasis and its effects on the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. METHODS: Elder patients with choledocholithiasis were enrolled in this study, and according to the surgical methods, they were divided into the ERCP group and the surgical group. After treatment, we compared the efficacy of these two methods on patients, inflammatory responses indicated by the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, and the complications. RESULTS: No statistical significance was identified in the difference of the success rate in removal between the two groups (98% vs. 94%), but indicators of the ERCP group, including the surgical duration (28.5±12.8) min, remission duration of abdominal pain (1.2±0.2) d, recession time of jaundice (2.0±0.3) d, postoperative bedridden time (1.4±0.2) d, treatment time of the anti-infection (1.5±0.2) d, length of stay in hospital (6.5±0.3) d, levels of TNF-α (2.1±0.2) μg/L, IL-1 (6.3±0.8) μg/L, IL-6 (2.8±0.3) μg/L, and the incidence rate of complications (1.8%), were all significantly lower than those in the surgical group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In the treatment of choledocholithiasis, ERCP is excellent in controlling the trauma, accelerating the recovery duration, reducing the occurrence of complications and ameliorating the inflammatory responses. Thus, it is an ideal choice for choledocholithiasis.