SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI variant in morbidly obese patients compared with healthy normal controls. METHODS: The study included 103 patients with morbid obesity and 120 healthy individuals serving as normal controls. The DNA samples obtained from blood were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The gender, age, smoking status, triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin, mean body mass index, and frequency of allele and genotype of the BsmI variant in the VDR gene in morbidly obese patients were evaluated. RESULTS: The body mass index of the patients was 47.14 ± 7.19. The VDR B/B, B/b, and b/b genotype frequencies were 27.2% versus 28.3%; 54.4% versus 50%; and 18.4% versus 21.7% in the morbidly obese patients and the control group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between patients and control subjects in the genotype and allele distribution of the VDR BsmI variant (p>0.05). Both patients and control genotype frequencies are consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. CONCLUSION: The BsmI variant in the VDR gene may not seem to predispose to morbid obesity in our study population. Further studies with a larger number of subjects are needed to make a more precise evaluation of this relationship. OBJECTIVE (VDR controls METHODS 10 12 reactionrestriction reaction restriction PCRRFLP PCR RFLP (PCR-RFLP technique gender age status triglycerides cholesterol insulin evaluated RESULTS 4714 47 14 47.1 719 7 19 7.19 BB B B/B Bb b B/b bb 272 27 2 27.2 28.3% 283 28 3 544 54 4 54.4 50% 50 184 18 18.4 217 21 21.7 group respectively p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 . 0 05 (p>0.05) HardyWeinberg Hardy Weinberg equilibrium CONCLUSION population relationship 1 471 47. 71 7.1 27. 28.3 5 54. 18. 21. p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 7. 28. p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p>0 (p>0. p> (p>0 (p> (p

Abstract Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates inflammatory responses in various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for GM-CSF, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) levels in patients with stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV periodontitis (SI-P, SII-P, SIII-P, and SIV-P). Methodology: A total of 126 individuals were recruited for this study, including 21 periodontal healthy (PH), 21 gingivitis (G), 21 SI-P, 21 SII-P, 21 SIII-P, and 21 SIV-P patients. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and attachment loss (AL) were used during the clinical periodontal assessment. GCF samples were obtained and analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: GCF GM-CSF, MIP-1α, and IL-1β were significantly higher in SII-P and SIII-P groups than in PH, G, and SI-P groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the PH, G, and SI-P groups in IL-1β, GM-CSF, and MIP-1α levels (p>0.05). Conclusions: These results show that GM-CSF expression was increased in SII-P, SIII-P, and SIV-P. Furthermore, GM-CSF levels may have some potential to discriminate between early and advanced stages of periodontitis.

Abstract Introduction: In this trial, we initially aimed to investigate the major predictive factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in our center and, secondarily, we tried to find out the effects of the independent factors on mortality. Methods: Between July 2017 and August 2018, 207 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were retrospectively investigated. The patients were randomly divided into two subgroups according to the duration of ventilator dependence (group 1 <24 hours, n=164, 79%; group 2 >24 hours, n=43, 21%). Results: 207 patients (mean age 59.47±10.56) who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were enrolled in this study (n=145, 70% of male patients; n=62, 30% of female patients). Amid these patients, 43 (n=43, 20.77%) had prolonged intubation time. After multivariate logistic regression analysis among preoperative factors, female gender (OR=2.321, P=0.028), leukocytosis (OR=1.233, P=0.006), perioperative lactate level (OR=1.224, P=0.027), CPB time (OR=1.012, P=0.012) and postoperative revision for bleeding (OR=23.125, P=0.040) were significantly detected. The effect of predictive factors on mortality after cardiac surgery was determined and found that PMV did not affect hospital mortality (OR=1.979, P=0.420). Conclusion: In our report, we revealed, differently from previous studies, that intraoperative lactate levels which manifest organ perfusion and oxygenation were included and were significantly different in the early extubation group compared to the PMV group. Female gender, preoperative leukocytosis, intraoperative CPB time, lactate levels and postoperative revision for bleeding were the independent predictive factors for PMV. Moreover, PMV did not affect the early-term mortality during hospital stay.