The microstructure, mechanical properties, and heat treatment process relationships of 45MnVS non-tempered steel were investigated. Different grain sizes and tissue ratios were obtained after heating and holding at 950, 1050, and 1150 °C for 30 min, respectively, and cooling at different cooling conditions and cooling rates. As the austenitizing temperature increased, the grain size and the elongation and section shrinkage of the experimental steels decreased. At the same time, the content of ferrite and pearlite in the tissue gradually decreases, the content of sorbite and troostite rises, and the strength and hardness of the experimental steel increase. With the increase of cold speed, ferrite’s content decreases, sorbite and troostite’s content increases, and strength and hardness increase. The original austenite grain size also influences the tissue ratio. As the austenite grain refines, the ferrite transformation temperature increases during cooling and the ferrite content in the tissue rises after cooling. microstructure properties MnVS nontempered non tempered investigated 950 1050 115 C 3 min respectively rates increased decreased time decreases speed ferrites s troostites ratio refines 95 105 11 9 10 1

RESUMEN Introducción: La popularidad del deporte de las animadoras ha adquirido cada vez más relevancia, aunque los conocimientos científicos y los programas específicos de entrenamiento físico aún carecen de investigación formal. Objetivo: Establecer un sistema científico de entrenamiento físico basado en la capacidad aeróbica mediante el consumo de oxígeno del ejercicio en animadoras. Métodos: Estudiantes universitarias del club de animadoras de la Facultad de Educación Física en su último año de universidad fueron divididas aleatoriamente en grupos para el experimento de entrenamiento al 60% y 80% de capacidad aeróbica. El consumo máximo de oxígeno de los voluntarios determinó la norma del ensayo. El experimento duró 6 semanas, con intervenciones de 60 minutos tres veces por semana. Se analizaron y discutieron estadísticamente los resultados de las pruebas de aptitud física realizadas antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: El ejercicio con un índice del 80% del VO2máx demostró una mayor capacidad para mejorar la aptitud física general. Aun así, se observaron algunas desviaciones en cuanto a la mejora de la calidad física de las animadoras. Conclusión: Se puede establecer el sistema científico de entrenamiento físico, demostrando que el entrenamiento físico basado en la capacidad aeróbica en animadoras puede mejorar eficazmente el entrenamiento físico, especialmente con el índice al 80% del VO2máx. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción relevancia formal Objetivo Métodos 80 ensayo semanas semana intervención Resultados VOmáx VO máx general así Conclusión II tratamiento 8

RESUMO Introdução: A popularidade do esporte de animação de torcida tem se tornado cada vez mais relevante embora o conhecimento científico e os programas de treinamento específicos de aptidão física ainda careçam de pesquisas formais. Objetivo: Estabelecer um sistema científico de treinamento de aptidão física baseado na capacidade aeróbica pelo consumo de oxigênio do exercício nas animadoras de torcida. Métodos: As alunas universitárias do clube de animadoras de torcida do Colégio de Educação Física do último ano de faculdade foram divididas aleatoriamente em grupos para experimento de treino em 60% e 80% de capacidade aeróbica. O consumo máximo de oxigênio das voluntárias determinou o padrão de julgamento. O experimento durou 6 semanas, com intervenções de 60 minutos, três vezes por semana. Os resultados dos testes de aptidão física efetuados antes e após a intervenção foram analisados estatisticamente e discutidos. Resultados: O exercício com índice de 80% VO2max demonstrou uma melhor capacidade para aprimorar a aptidão física geral. Ainda assim, foram observados alguns desvios em termos de melhoria da qualidade física nas animadoras de torcida. Conclusão: O sistema científico de treinamento físico pode ser estabelecido, demonstrando que o treino de aptidão física baseado na capacidade aeróbica das animadoras de torcida pode efetivamente melhorar o treinamento físico, principalmente com o índice a 80% VO2max. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução formais Objetivo Métodos 80 julgamento semanas minutos semana discutidos Resultados VOmax VO max geral assim Conclusão estabelecido II tratamento 8

ABSTRACT Introduction: The popularity of the sport, of cheerleading has become increasingly relevant although scientific knowledge and specific fitness training programs still lack formal research. Objective: Establish a scientific fitness training system based on aerobic capacity by exercise oxygen consumption in cheerleaders. Methods: Female college students in the final-year College of Physical Education cheerleading club were randomly divided into groups for training experiment at 60% and 80% aerobic capacity. The maximum oxygen consumption of the volunteers determined the trial standard. The experiment lasted 6 weeks, with 60-minute interventions three times a week. The results of the fitness tests performed before and after the intervention were statistically analyzed and discussed. Results: Exercise at an index of 80% VO2max demonstrated a better ability to improve overall fitness. Still, some deviations were observed regarding improved physical quality in cheerleaders. Conclusion: The scientific system of physical training can be established, demonstrating that fitness training based on aerobic capacity in cheerleaders can effectively improve physical training, especially with the index at 80% VO2max. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction sport research Objective Methods finalyear final year 60 80 standard weeks 60minute minute week discussed Results VOmax VO max Still Conclusion established II outcomes 8

RESUMEN Introducción: El mantenimiento de la composición corporal y la aptitud física son importantes para el bienestar de los estudiantes universitarios. Datos recientes indican un aumento de la obesidad entre los universitarios y se están estudiando nuevas técnicas para controlar esta situación, entre los recursos actuales se destaca el entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre la condición física y el control corporal de estudiantes universitarios obesos de sexo masculino. Métodos: En el control experimental participaron 100 estudiantes universitarios varones obesos, divididos en grupo experimental y grupo control. El grupo experimental participó en un protocolo de entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad, mientras que el grupo de control realizó un entrenamiento aeróbico general. Se recogieron datos antes y después del experimento, que duró 12 semanas, y se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: Las condiciones de los estudiantes universitarios varones del grupo experimental mejoraron estadísticamente, el índice de aptitud física cambió de forma expresiva. La flexión hacia delante sentado aumentó de 5,91±5,16 a 9,47±5,27, el índice de equilibrio de pie con los ojos cerrados aumentó de 5,87±5,58 a 10,47±6,08, el índice de salto de longitud pasó de 1,96±0,15 a 2,14±0,21, en posición sentada supina pasó de 19,97±8,46 a 31,24±9,42, y el tiempo de carrera en 50 metros se redujo de 9,61±1,53 a 8,53±1,25 s. Conclusión: El entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad demostró un impacto positivo tanto en la forma física como en la composición corporal en estudiantes universitarios obesos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción situación Objetivo masculino Métodos 10 general experimento 1 semanas estadísticamente Resultados expresiva 591516 5 91 16 5,91±5,1 947527 9 47 27 9,47±5,27 587558 87 58 5,87±5,5 1047608 6 08 10,47±6,08 196015 96 0 15 1,96±0,1 214021 2 14 21 2,14±0,21 1997846 19 97 8 46 19,97±8,4 3124942 31 24 42 31,24±9,42 961153 61 53 9,61±1,5 853125 25 8,53±1,2 s Conclusión II tratamiento 59151 5,91±5, 94752 4 9,47±5,2 58755 5,87±5, 104760 10,47±6,0 19601 1,96±0, 21402 2,14±0,2 199784 19,97±8, 312494 3 31,24±9,4 96115 9,61±1, 85312 8,53±1, 5915 5,91±5 9475 9,47±5, 5875 5,87±5 10476 10,47±6, 1960 1,96±0 2140 2,14±0, 19978 19,97±8 31249 31,24±9, 9611 9,61±1 8531 8,53±1 591 5,91± 947 9,47±5 587 5,87± 1047 10,47±6 196 1,96± 214 2,14±0 1997 19,97± 3124 31,24±9 961 9,61± 853 8,53± 59 5,91 94 9,47± 5,87 104 10,47± 1,96 2,14± 199 19,97 312 31,24± 9,61 85 8,53 5,9 9,47 5,8 10,47 1,9 2,14 19,9 31,24 9,6 8,5 5, 9,4 10,4 1, 2,1 19, 31,2 9, 8, 10, 2, 31,

RESUMO Introdução: A manutenção da composição corporal e aptidão física são importantes para o bem estar dos estudantes universitários. Dados recentes apontam um aumento da obesidade entre os jovens universitários e novas técnicas são estudas para o controle dessa situação, entre os recursos atuais destaca-se o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre a aptidão física e o controle corporal de estudantes universitários masculino obesos. Métodos: O controle experimental envolveu 100 estudantes universitários masculinos obesos, divididos em grupo experimental e controle. O grupo experimental participou de um protocolo de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade enquanto o grupo de controle efetuou o treino aeróbico geral. Dados prévios e posteriores ao experimento, que durou 12 semanas, foram coletados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: As condições dos estudantes universitários masculinos no grupo experimental foram estatisticamente aprimoradas, o índice de aptidão física alterou-se expressivamente. A flexão sentada para frente elevou-se de 5,91±5,16 para 9,47±5,27, o índice equilíbrio de pé com os olhos fechados subiu de 5,87±5,58 para 10,47±6,08, o índice do salto à distância foi de 1,96±0,15 para 2,14±0,21, na posição sentada supina foi de 19,97±8,46 para 31,24±9,42, e o tempo de corrida em 50 metros foi reduzido de 9,61±1,53 para 8,53±1,25 s. Conclusão: O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade demonstrou um impacto positivo tanto na aptidão física quanto na composição corporal dos estudantes universitários obesos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução situação destacase destaca se Objetivo obesos Métodos 10 geral experimento 1 semanas Resultados aprimoradas alterouse alterou expressivamente elevouse elevou 591516 5 91 16 5,91±5,1 947527 9 47 27 9,47±5,27 587558 87 58 5,87±5,5 1047608 6 08 10,47±6,08 196015 96 0 15 1,96±0,1 214021 2 14 21 2,14±0,21 1997846 19 97 8 46 19,97±8,4 3124942 31 24 42 31,24±9,42 961153 61 53 9,61±1,5 853125 25 8,53±1,2 s Conclusão II tratamento 59151 5,91±5, 94752 4 9,47±5,2 58755 5,87±5, 104760 10,47±6,0 19601 1,96±0, 21402 2,14±0,2 199784 19,97±8, 312494 3 31,24±9,4 96115 9,61±1, 85312 8,53±1, 5915 5,91±5 9475 9,47±5, 5875 5,87±5 10476 10,47±6, 1960 1,96±0 2140 2,14±0, 19978 19,97±8 31249 31,24±9, 9611 9,61±1 8531 8,53±1 591 5,91± 947 9,47±5 587 5,87± 1047 10,47±6 196 1,96± 214 2,14±0 1997 19,97± 3124 31,24±9 961 9,61± 853 8,53± 59 5,91 94 9,47± 5,87 104 10,47± 1,96 2,14± 199 19,97 312 31,24± 9,61 85 8,53 5,9 9,47 5,8 10,47 1,9 2,14 19,9 31,24 9,6 8,5 5, 9,4 10,4 1, 2,1 19, 31,2 9, 8, 10, 2, 31,

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maintaining body composition and physical fitness is important for the well-being of college students. Recent data indicate an increase in obesity among young college students and new techniques have been studied to control this situation. Among the current resources is high-intensity interval training. Objective: Explore the effects of high-intensity interval training on physical fitness and body control in obese male college students. Methods: The experimental control involved 100 obese male college students, divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a high-intensity interval training protocol while the control group performed general aerobic training. Data before and after the experiment, which lasted 12 weeks, were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: The conditions of male college students in the experimental group were statistically improved, and the fitness index changed expressively. The sitting forward bending increased from 5.91±5.16 to 9.47±5.27, the standing balance index with eyes closed increased from 5.87±5.58 to 10.47±6.08, the long jump index went from 1.96±0.15 to 2.14±0.21, in the supine sitting position it went from 19.97±8.46 to 31.24±9.42, and the running time in 50 meters was reduced from 9.61±1.53 to 8.53±1.25 s. Conclusion: High-intensity interval training positively impacted both physical fitness and body composition in obese college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction wellbeing well being situation highintensity high intensity Objective Methods 10 groups experiment 1 weeks analyzed Results improved expressively 591516 5 91 16 5.91±5.1 947527 9 47 27 9.47±5.27 587558 87 58 5.87±5.5 1047608 6 08 10.47±6.08 196015 96 0 15 1.96±0.1 214021 2 14 21 2.14±0.21 1997846 19 97 8 46 19.97±8.4 3124942 31 24 42 31.24±9.42 961153 61 53 9.61±1.5 853125 25 8.53±1.2 s Conclusion Highintensity High II outcomes 59151 5.91±5. 94752 4 9.47±5.2 58755 5.87±5. 104760 10.47±6.0 19601 1.96±0. 21402 2.14±0.2 199784 19.97±8. 312494 3 31.24±9.4 96115 9.61±1. 85312 8.53±1. 5915 5.91±5 9475 9.47±5. 5875 5.87±5 10476 10.47±6. 1960 1.96±0 2140 2.14±0. 19978 19.97±8 31249 31.24±9. 9611 9.61±1 8531 8.53±1 591 5.91± 947 9.47±5 587 5.87± 1047 10.47±6 196 1.96± 214 2.14±0 1997 19.97± 3124 31.24±9 961 9.61± 853 8.53± 59 5.91 94 9.47± 5.87 104 10.47± 1.96 2.14± 199 19.97 312 31.24± 9.61 85 8.53 5.9 9.47 5.8 10.47 1.9 2.14 19.9 31.24 9.6 8.5 5. 9.4 10.4 1. 2.1 19. 31.2 9. 8. 10. 2. 31.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the clinical features of patients with definite vestibular migraine (dVM). Methods: A total of 91 patients with vestibular symptoms accompanied by migraines/migrainelike symptoms were enrolled and diagnosed according to the criteria of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. Baseline data were collected. Videonystagmography and immune-related laboratory tests were performed. Results: Among the 91 patients, 62 (68.1%) had dVM (11 men, 51 women). Among dVM patients, migraine occurred earlier than vestibular symptoms in 42 (67.7%) patients. Spontaneous vertigo occurred in 41 (66.1%) patients. Induced vertigo occurred in 21 (33.9%) patients. Motion sickness occurred in 33 (53.2%) patients. Central oculomotor dysfunction was observed in 11 (17.7%) patients. Caloric test revealed unilateral horizontal semicircular canal dysfunction in 12 (19.4%) patients. Severe intolerance during the test occurred in 44 (71.0%) patients with dVM. 12 (19.4%) patients showed abnormal immune-related indicators. Conclusion: dVM is more common in women. The onset of migraine precedes that of vestibular symptoms, which are often accompanied by photophobia and phonophobia. Motion sickness and severe caloric test intolerance can contribute to the diagnosis of dVM. Immunological indicators are abnormal in some patients with dVM, dVM may be secondary or an accompanying disorder, but the causal relationship needs further investigation. Level of evidence: IV. Objective . (dVM) Methods 9 migrainesmigrainelike migraines migrainelike collected immunerelated immune related performed Results 6 68.1% 681 68 1 (68.1% (1 men 5 women women) 4 67.7% 677 67 7 (67.7% 66.1% 661 66 (66.1% 2 33.9% 339 (33.9% 3 53.2% 532 53 (53.2% 17.7% 177 17 (17.7% 19.4% 194 19 (19.4% 71.0% 710 71 0 (71.0% Conclusion phonophobia disorder investigation evidence IV (dVM 68.1 (68.1 ( 67.7 (67.7 66.1 (66.1 33.9 (33.9 53.2 (53.2 17.7 (17.7 19.4 (19.4 71.0 (71.0 68. (68. 67. (67. 66. (66. 33. (33. 53. (53. 17. (17. 19. (19. 71. (71. (68 (67 (66 (33 (53 (17 (19 (71 (6 (3 (5 (7

Abstract Background: UVB irradiation can cause acute damage such as sunburn, or photoaging and melanoma, all of which are major health threats. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of skin photoaging induced by UVB radiation in mice through the analysis of the differential expression of miRNAs. Methods: A UVB irradiation photoaging model was constructed. HE and Masson special stains were used to examine the modifications in the epidermis and dermis of mice. The miRNA expression profiles of the mouse skin model exposed to UVB radiation and the normal skin of mice were analyzed using miRNA-sequence analysis. GO and Pathway analysis were employed for the prediction of miRNA targets. Results: A total of 23 miRNAs were evaluated for significantly different expressions in comparison to normal skin. Among them, 7 miRNAs were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated in the skin with photoaging of mice exposed to UVB irradiation. The differential expression of miRNA is related to a variety of signal transduction pathways, among which mmu-miR-195a-5p and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways are crucial. There was a significant differential expression of miRNA in the skin of normal mice in comparison with the skin with photoaging induced by UVB irradiation. Study limitations: Due to time and energy constraints, the specific protein level verification, MAPK pathway exploration, and miR-195a-5p downstream molecular mechanism need to be further studied in the future. Conclusions: UVB-induced skin photoaging can be diagnosed and treated using miRNA.

Abstract Pristimerin (Pri) was a kind of extraction from natural plant, and it has anti- inflammation effects in previous studies, however, it has been unclear that Pri’s effect in renal fibrosis treatment. The purpose of this research was to evaluate pristimerin (Pri) treatment effects in renal fibrosis and relative mechanisms in vivo study. Using UUO and TGF-β1 to make renal fibrosis rats and HK-2 cell fibrosis model. Evaluating renal tissues pathological and fibrosis by HE and Masson staining; measuring Scr and BUN concentrations of serum, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD and MDA concentrations by ELISA assay in serum and supernatant. Relative gene expressions were measured by RT-qPCR assay in renal tissues and cells and relative proteins expression by WB assay. Using Double luciferase assay to analysis correlation between miRNA-145-5p and TLR4. NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume were evaluated by cellular immunofluorescence. Scr, BUN, IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA concentrations were significantly increased and SOD concentration was significantly down-regulation (P < 0.001) in Model rats group; miRNA-145-5p gene expression was significantly depressed, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65) gene expressions were significantly increased (P < 0.001, respectively); with Pri supplement, the renal pathological, masson region, Scr, BUN, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD and MDA were significantly improved. In cell experiment, miRNA-145-5p play important role in Pri treatment of renal fibrosis by targeting TLR4. Pri could improve renal fibrosis by via regulation miRNA-145-5p to target TLR4.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the relationship between atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and CXC chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2). Methods Mouse AAA model was established by embedding angiotensin-II pump (1000 ng/kg/min) in ApoE-/- mice. Mice were received SB225002, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, for treatment. Blood pressure was recorded, and CXCR2+ macrophages were examined by flow cytometry analysis. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to detect cell apoptosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Macrophages were isolated from ApoE-/- mice and treated with Ang II and/or SB225002. Dihydroethidium staining was carried out to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. The corresponding gene expressions were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results We found that Ang II activated the expression of CXCR2 in monocytes during the formation of AAA. Inhibition of CXCR2 significantly reduced the size of AAA, attenuated inflammation and phenotypic changes in blood vessels. Ang II-induced macrophages exhibited elevated ROS activity, and elevated levels of 1β and TNF-α, which were then partly abolished by SB225002. Conclusions CXCR2 plays an important role in AAA, suggesting that inhibiting CXCR2 may be a new treatment for AAA.

ABSTRACT Effective microorganism biochar-based fertilizer (EMBF) can improve the physiological properties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) In this study, the irrigation and EMBF rates were applied as factors that influence the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of tobacco. The experiment involved 12 treatments: CK1-CK3, T1-T3, T4-T6, and T7-T9; these four groups represented 0, 100, 300, and 600 g EMBF pot-1, respectively. Each group was irrigated at rates of 40, 80, and 120 L pot-1. When comparing with the control treatment CK, results showed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) increased by 8.21%-107.03%, 18.78%-118.27%, 18.78%-118.27%, 7.24%-104.15%, and 3.47%-69.09%, respectively, after EMBF application. The Pn, gs, Ci, and Tr at the growth and maturity stages were highly significant (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with EMBF application. The Pn, gs, and Tr were significant (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with irrigation, and Ci was less affected by irrigation (P > 0.05). The SPAD value of flue-cured tobacco at three growing stages was highly significant (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with the irrigation and fertilization rates. The SPAD values at the growth and maturity stages were higher than those at the rooting stage by 46.73%-79.2% and 2.21%- 46.17%, respectively. Furthermore, the 80 L pot-1 irrigation rate combined with 300 g EMBF pot-1 is the best water and fertilizer combination. The results of this study might provide theoretical and practical guidance for growing flue-cured tobacco in production areas.

Abstract The aim was to investigate the angiogenic effects of concentrated growth factors on human dental pulp cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cells were treated with concentrated growth factor extracts. The CCK-8 assay and cell cycle assay were conducted to evaluate cell growth. Cell migration was evaluated by the Transwell migration assay. Angiogenesis-associated mRNA and protein expression levels were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. A tube formation assay was conducted to evaluate the angiogenic capacity in vitro. The data showed that compared with the control, concentrated growth factor extracts significantly promoted dental pulp cell proliferation and differentiation and endothelial cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Concentrated growth factor extracts also promoted the tube-like structure formation of endothelial cells in vitro. The RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that concentrated growth factor extracts upregulated the expression of angiogenesis-related genes – chemokine receptor-4, platelet-derived growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor – in dental pulp cells. In conclusion, concentrated growth factors showed proangiogenic effects on dental pulp cells and endothelial cells and have good application potential for dental pulp revascularization.

Infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the newborn and preterm neonates due to immuno-incompetence in these patients. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) provides immunoglobulin G (IgG) that can protect the body from infection. In theory, morbidity and mortality due to infections in newborns and preterm infants could be reduced by the administration of IVIG. Two meta-analyses were evaluated comparing IVIG to treat various infection versus conventional treatments. The results showed that IVIG is not effective as an adjunctive treatment for suspected or proven infections in neonates.

La infección es la causa principal de la mortalidad y de la morbilidad entre los recién nacidos y los neonatos prematuros debido a la incompetencia inmunológica de estos pacientes. El suministro de inmunoglobulina por vía intravenosa brinda la inmunoglobulina G que protege al cuerpo humano de las infecciones. En términos teóricos, la morbilidad y la mortalidad por infecciones en recién nacidos y en bebés prematuros, podrían reducirse si se administra inmunoglobulina G intravenosa. Se evaluaron dos meta-análisis que comparaban el uso de la inmunoglobulina G intravenosa para tratar diversas infecciones con los tratamientos convencionales. Los resultados demostraron que dicha inmunoglobulina no es eficaz como tratamiento adyuvante para combatir sospechas de infección o infecciones comprobadas en los recién nacidos.

Mulberry leaves Flavones Pharmacokinetics Metabolites Rutin Quercetin Mulberry leaves, a traditional Chinese medicine, are effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Rutin and quercetin are the main components of total flavones of mulberry leaf extract. To study the pharmacokinetics of rutin and quercetin in rat plasma and their metabolites in rat urine and feces after oral administration of total flavones of mulberry leaf extract. At different timepoints after oral administration of total flavones of mulberry leaf extract in rats, plasma concentrations of rutin and quercetin were determined by RP-HPLC. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using 3P97 software. The metabolites in rat urine and feces were determined by using UPLCESI-QTOF/MS and estimated MetaboLynxTM software. The plasma concentration-time curves of rutin and quercetin both were best fitted with a two-compartment model. Rutin and quercetin were absorbed rapidly and then slowly decreased. Two prototype compounds and seven metabolites were identified. The pharmacokinetic and metabolic results may be useful for further studies of the bioactive mechanism of mulberry leaf flavones and potential development of a new TCM.

Background: Light can be absorbed by bacterial pigment and affects its growth. Prodigiosin is a red pigment found in various bacterial species. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of light on prodigiosin production, biomass formation, and membrane integrity of Serratia marcescens y2. Results: S. marcescens y2 grew better and produced more intracellular prodigiosin in darkness than in illumination. The pigment leakage ratio from cells was detected more in light than in darkness conditions. Ethidium bromide uptake assay could visually prove the prodigiosin-related loss of membrane integrity under illumination. A higher concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected in light-treated culture than in darkness. Tests of different light treatments (red, yellow, blue and green) showed that the maximum extracellular pigment and the minimum biomass formation and intracellular pigment were obtained in green light. Conclusions: Prodigiosin could absorb light, and then initiate phototoxicity damage of the cytomembrane.

Se ha demostrado que la ketamina, una anestésico general, produce una respuesta de choque térmico (HSR) en algunos animales experimentales. Examinamos si la ketamina mejora la supervivencia en lesión por quemadura severa en ratas, a través de la expresión de la proteína de choque 70. Un total de 124 ratas Wistar machos se dividieron aleatoriamente en 3 grupos: un grupo de control (grupo C, n = 20), un grupo quemado (grupo B, n = 52) y un grupo quemado + ketamina (grupo K, n = 52). Las ratas de los grupos B y K presentaban quemaduras de espesor completo en el 30% del total de su superficie corporal. Las ratas del grupo K se trataron con ketamina (40mg/kg, i.m.) a los 15min después de la lesión y las del grupo B se inyectaron con igual volumen de solución salina. Luego de practicar la eutanasia a las ratas, se examinó la expresión de HSP70 en muestras del miocardio y del cerebro con análisis Western blot. En las ratas que no se sacrificaron se evaluó el estado de supervivencia. Luego de 10 días, la tasa de supervivencia en las ratas del grupo K era superior a las del grupo B (70% versus 30%). Los análisis Western blot mostraron que la expresión de proteína HSP70 en el miocardio en respuesta a la administración de ketamina es más fuerte que en respuesta a la administración de solución salina a las 3 h (158% versus 65%) y a las 6h (165% versus 68%). En comparación con el grupo B, la ketamina aumentó marcadamente el nivel de expresión de la proteína HSP70 en tejido cerebral a las 3h y a las 6 h (79% versus 51% a las 3 h; 123% versus 98% a las 6 h). Concluimos que el tratamiento con ketamina mejora la supervivencia en lesión por quemadura severa, mediante la expresión de la proteína de choque 70 en los tejidos del miocardio y del cerebro.

Ketamine, a general anesthetic, has been shown to elicit the heat-shock response (HSR) in some of the animal models. We examined whether ketamine improves survival in severe burn injury in rats via the expression of heat shock protein 70. 124 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (group C, n = 20), burned group (group B, n = 52), and burned + ketamine group (group K, n = 52). The rats in groups B and K had full-thickness burns of 30% of their total body surface. The rats in group K were treated with ketamine (40 mg/kg, i.m.) 15 min after injury, and those in group B were injected with saline at the same volume. After the rats were euthanized, HSP70 expression in myocardium and brain samples was examined by Western blot analysis. Survival status was evaluated for the rats not euthanized. After 10 days, survival rate of rats in group K was higher than that of group B (70% versus 30%). Western blot analyses revealed that HSP70 protein expression in myocardium in response to ketamine administration is stronger than that in response to saline administration at 3 h (158% versus 65%) and 6 h (165% versus 68%). Compared with that in group B, ketamine strongly increased HSP70 protein expression level in cerebral tissue at 3 h and 6 h (79% versus 51%, at 3 h; 123% versus 98%, at 6 h). We concluded that ketamine therapy improves survival in severe burn injury via the expression of heat shock protein 70 in myocardial and cerebral tissues.

To isolate differentially expressed peanut genes responsive to chilling, a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library was constructed for a chilling tolerant peanut cultivar A4 with mRNAs extracted from the seeds imbibed at 2ºC and 15ºC, respectively, for 24 hrs. A total of 466 cDNA clones were sequenced, from which 193 unique transcripts (73 contigs and 120 singlets) were assembled. Of these unique transcripts, 132 (68.4%) were significantly similar to the sequences in GenBank non-redundant (nr) protein database, which belonged to diverse functional categories including metabolism, signal transduction, stress response, cell defense and transcriptional regulation. The remaining 61 (31.6%) showed no similarity to either hypothetical or known proteins. Six differentially expressed transcripts were further confirmed with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).

We investigated inheritance and carried out gene fine mapping of aroma in crosses between the aromatic elite hybrid rice Oryza sativa indica variety Chuanxiang-29B (Ch-29B) and the non-aromatic rice O. sativa indica variety R2 and O. sativa japonica Lemont (Le). The F1 grains and leaves were non-aromatic while the F2 non-aroma to aroma segregation pattern was 3:1. The F3 segregation ratio was consistent with the expected 1:2:1 for a single recessive aroma gene in Ch-29B. Linkage analysis between simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the aroma locus for the aromatic F2 plants mapped the Ch-29B aroma gene to a chromosome 8 region flanked by SSR markers RM23120 at 0.52 cM and RM3459 at 1.23 cM, a replicate F2 population confirming these results. Three bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones cover chromosome 8 markers RM23120 and RM3459. Our molecular mapping data from the two populations indicated that the aroma locus occurs in a 142.85 kb interval on BAC clones AP005301 or AP005537, implying that it might be the same gene reported by Bradbury et al (2005a; Plant Biotec J. 3:363-370). The flanking markers Aro7, RM23120 and RM3459 identified by us could greatly accelerate the efficiency and precision of aromatic rice breeding programs.