Abstract: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a globally significant crop and serves as a pioneer crop for improving saline-alkaline soils due to its salt-alkali tolerant properties. However, the response mechanism of barley to alkali stress remains unclear. In this study, two barley genotypes with contrasting performance under alkali stress were selected: the alkali-tolerant SCMS and the alkali-sensitive QT9919. The morphological and physiological mechanisms of these two barley cultivars in response to alkali stress were elucidated. Results showed that alkali stress inhibited germination in QT9919, leading to significant decreases in germination vigor, plant height and root length. On the other hand, SCMS presented stronger water absorbing capacity than QT9919 under all circumstances. Furthermore, starch degradation and sugar metabolism were suppressed by alkali stress in both barley cultivars through down-regulation of genes expression and reduction of enzymes activities involved in the processes of EMP (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Notably, enzyme activity of hexokinase (HK) and malic dehydrogenase (MDH) showed significant changes under alkali stress between the two barley genotypes. This study provides insights into screening barley germplasm with strong alkali-tolerance and holds significant implications for improving and utilizing of saline-alkaline soils. Abstract Hordeum L. L salinealkaline saline alkaline saltalkali salt properties However unclear selected alkalitolerant alkalisensitive sensitive QT elucidated vigor length hand QT991 circumstances Furthermore downregulation down regulation EmbdenMeyerhofParnas, EmbdenMeyerhofParnas Embden Meyerhof Parnas , (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) TCA, TCA (TCA) PPP. PPP . (PPP) Notably HK (HK MDH (MDH alkalitolerance tolerance QT99 (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (TCA (PPP QT9

Resumo: A cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) é uma cultura globalmente significativa e serve como uma cultura pioneira para melhorar solos salino-alcalinos devido às suas propriedades de tolerância aos sais e à alcalinidade. No entanto, o mecanismo de resposta da cevada ao estresse alcalino permanece desconhecido. Neste estudo, foram selecionados dois genótipos de cevada com desempenho contrastante sob estresse alcalino: o SCMS tolerante e o QT9919 sensível à alcalinidade. Os mecanismos morfológicos e fisiológicos destas duas cultivares de cevada em resposta ao estresse alcalino foram elucidados. Os resultados mostraram que o estresse alcalino inibiu a germinação em QT9919, levando a reduções significativas no vigor da germinação, na altura da planta e no comprimento da raiz. Por outro lado, o SCMS apresentou maior capacidade de absorção de água que o QT9919 em todas as circunstâncias. Além disso, a degradação do amido e o metabolismo do açúcar foram suprimidos pelo estresse alcalino em ambas as cultivares de cevada através da regulação negativa da expressão genética e da redução das atividades enzimáticas envolvidas nas vias de EMP (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas), ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico (TCA) e via das pentoses fosfato (PPP). Claramente, as atividades enzimáticas de hexoquinase (HK) e desidrogenase málica (MDH) mostraram alterações significativas sob estresse alcalino entre os dois genótipos de cevada. Este estudo fornece informações sobre a triagem de germoplasma de cevada com forte tolerância à alcalinidade e tem implicações significativas para a melhoria e utilização de solos salino-alcalinos. Resumo Hordeum L. L salinoalcalinos salino alcalinos entanto desconhecido QT QT991 elucidados raiz lado circunstâncias disso EmbdenMeyerhofParnas, EmbdenMeyerhofParnas Embden Meyerhof Parnas , (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) TCA (TCA PPP. PPP . (PPP) Claramente HK (HK MDH (MDH salinoalcalinos. alcalinos. QT99 (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (PPP QT9

Abstract Objectives: Lung cancer was one of the most common malignancies around the world. It has great significance in to search for the mechanism of occurrence and development of lung cancer. LIM Domain Binding protein 2 (LDB2) belongs to the LIM-domain binding family, it can be used as a binding protein that combined with other transcription factors to form the transcription complex for regulating the expression of target genes. The expression of microRNA-96-5p (miR-96-5p) has been investigated in various tumors. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role of LDB2 and miR-96-5p in lung cancer. Methods: Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression of LDB2 and miR-96-5p. The proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of H1299 cells were analyzed by CCK8, transwell, and wound healing assay after LDB2 or miR-96-5p transfection. Luciferase activities assay and western blot were used to reveal the targeted regulation between LDB2 and miR-96-5p. Results: Here the authors found LDB2 was down-regulated in lung cancer tissues and negatively correlated with miR-96-5p expression, it could promote or inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of H1299 cells after LDB2 knockdown or overexpression and regulate the expression of cyclinD1, MMP9, Bcl-2, and Bax via ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-96-5p exerted its function by directly binding to 3′-UTR of LDB2 and regulating expression of LDB2. miR-96-5p could promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of H1299 cells. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that LDB2 can act as a new regulator to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and miR-96-5p may be a potential promising molecular by targeting LDB2 in lung cancer. Objectives world LDB (LDB2 LIMdomain domain family genes microRNA965p microRNAp microRNA 96 5p p miR965p miRp miR (miR-96-5p tumors Methods Realtime Real time miR965p. 5p. proliferation H H129 CCK8 CCK transwell transfection Results downregulated down regulated cyclinD1 cyclinD MMP9 MMP Bcl2, Bcl2 Bcl 2, Bcl-2 ERK12 ERK ERK1 ERK1/ pathway Furthermore 3′UTR 3UTR UTR 3′ 3 Conclusion (LDB 9 H12 Bcl- H1

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of our study was to assess the association between the winter season and desmopressin treatment failure in South Chinese children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis who have visited our urology clinic from January to December 2019. All patients received desmopressin treatment. Final treatment outcomes were categorized as successful (complete response) or failed (absent and partial response). The relationship between winter season and treatment response to desmopressin was evaluated. Additionally, associated risk factors were investigated with both univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: In total, 393 patients diagnosed with MNE were included in the present study. There were no statistically significant differences in pretreatment variables at first visit between patients who visited the clinic in winter and those who did so in other seasons. However, the treatment failure rate of MNE in the winter season was higher than that of other seasons (77.50% vs. 52.74%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the severity of symptoms and an initial clinic visit in the winter season were significantly related to desmopressin treatment failure in MNE patients. Conclusion: Winter season and severity of symptoms are two risk factors associated with desmopressin treatment failure in MNE patients.

Abstract Introduction: The mouse heterotopic cardiac transplant model has been extensively used to explore transplant immunity. Although the cuff technique facilitates the operation, the procedure remains difficult, and vessel eversion is the most difficult step. Cuff movement and everted vessel wall slippage are the main adverse factors in vessel eversion. Traditional strategies to prevent these factors focus on cuff fixation, while more steps or surgical instruments would be required. Methods: According to the reported protocols and our experience, the vessel eversion skills were modified and used for transplantation. Cardiac grafts from C57BL/6(H-2b) or BALB/c(H-2d) mice were transplanted into C57BL/6(H-2b) mice. The operating times of recent 90 operations, which were divided into 9 groups according to their sequence, were summarized and analyzed. Results: The mouse cervical cardiac transplantation was successfully performed by using the modified vessel eversion skills. The cuff movement, which is the most important adverse factor to prevent vessel eversion, was effectively prevented. In the recent 90 operations, the total operating time was 47.3±7.9 min and the success rate was 98%. Conclusions: The modified surgical skills simplify the vessel eversion in mouse cervical cardiac transplantation with cuff technique, characterized by less cuff movement, fewer steps, and surgical instruments. Using these surgical skills, the transplant can be performed in a short time.

Renal fibrosis is one of the most significant pathological changes after ureteral obstruction. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays essential roles in kidney fibrosis regulation. The aims of the present study were to investigate effects of microRNA-302b (miR-302b) on renal fibrosis, and interaction between miR-302b and TGF-β signaling pathway in murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Microarray dataset GSE42716 was downloaded by retrieving Gene Expression Omnibus database. In accordance with bioinformatics analysis results, miR-302b was significantly down-regulated in UUO mouse kidney tissue and TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. Masson's trichrome staining showed that miR-302b mimics decreased renal fibrosis induced by UUO. The increased mRNA expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and decreased expression of E-cadherin were reversed by miR-302b mimics. In addition, miR-302b up-regulation also inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HK-2 cells by restoring E-cadherin expression and decreasing α-SMA expression. miR-302b mimics suppressed both luciferase activity and protein expression of TGF-βR2. However, miR-302b inhibitor increased TGF-βR2 luciferase activity and protein expression. Meanwhile, miR-302b mimics inhibited TGF-βR2 mRNA expression and decreased Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, over-expression of TGF-βR2 restored the miR-302b-induced decrease of collagen I and α-SMA expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that miR-302b attenuated renal fibrosis by targeting TGF-βR2 to suppress TGF-β/Smad signaling activation. Our findings showed that elevating renal miR-302b levels may be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing renal fibrosis.

This study was carried out to investigate the resistance phenotypes and resistance genes of Escherichia coli from swine in Guizhou, China. A total of 47 E. coli strains isolated between 2013 and 2018 were tested using the Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method to verify their resistance to 19 common clinical antimicrobials. Five classes consisting of 29 resistance genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction. The status regarding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and the relationship between ESBL CTX-M-type β-lactamase genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were analysed. A total of 46 strains (97.9%) were found to be multidrug resistant. Amongst them, 27 strains (57.4%) were resistant to more than eight antimicrobials, and the maximum number of resistant antimicrobial agents was 16. Twenty antibiotic resistance genes were detected, including six β-lactamase genes blaTEM (74.5%), blaCTX-M-9G (29.8%), blaDHA (17.0%), blaCTX-M-1G (10.6%), blaSHV (8.5%), blaOXA (2.1%), five aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes aac(3′)-IV (93.6%), aadA1 (78.7%), aadA2 (76.6%), aac(3′)-II c (55.3%), aac(6′)-Ib (2.1%) and five amphenicol resistance genes floR (70.2%), cmlA (53.2%), cat2 (10.6%), cat1 (6.4%), cmlB (2.1%), three PMQR genes qnrS (55.3%), oqxA (53.2%), qepA (27.7%) and polypeptide resistance gene mcr-1 (40.4%). The detection rate of ESBL-positive strains was 80.9% (38/47) and ESBL TEM-type was the most abundant ESBLs. The percentage of the PMQR gene in blaCTX-M-positive strains was high, and the detection rate of blaCTX-M-9G was the highest in CTX-M type. It is clear that multiple drug resistant E. coli is common in healthy swine in this study. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase is very abundant in the E. coli strains isolated from swine and most of them are multiple compound genotypes.

ABSTRACT Infestation of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Gennadius) causes significant phenotypic changes in a variety of plants. However, plants damaged by Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) show no similar changes. In this study, to explore the effects of MEAM1 infestation on tobacco growth and the mechanism underlying these effects, growth index, and photosynthesis of infested tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), as well as content of hormones, including auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethylene were measured. The results demonstrated that infestation of MEAM1 significantly inhibited tobacco growth and the inhibition effect varied with MEAM1 feeding densities, 50 MEAM1 per infested tobacco plant decreased plant height, internode length, and dry weight cm-2, and this inhibition peaked at 200 MEAM1 per plant, which reduced by 52.17%, 43.83%, and 45.61% that of controls, respectively. Additionally, MEAM1 infestation inhibited photosynthesis of tobacco, causing significant decrease in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. However, the effects of T. vaporariorum infestation on tobacco were significantly lighter than that of MEAM1. Hormones assays indicated that infestation with 200 MEAM1 per plant for 30 d significantly affected hormones content, among which gibberellin content was specifically reduced compared with that of uninfested control plants and T. vaporariorum infested plants. Furthermore, exogenous application of 1 and 2 μM gibberellin alleviated the reduction in plant height mediated by MEAM1. Therefore, infestation of MEAM1 significantly inhibited tobacco growth and photosynthesis, and the reduction of gibberellin content may contribute to this inhibition.

Abstract: The wood of poplar species is generally perceived as susceptible to decay, however, poplar is still widely used as columns in traditional Chinese buildings. Understanding how decay affects the compressive properties of this material will help engineers better assess wood condition during routine inspection and maintenance. The effects of decay on compressive properties of Chinese poplar were explored using a brown rot decay fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum). Changes in compression strength were fairly linear and more closely correlated with mass loss (R 2= 0,75). The results suggest that residual compressive strength could be roughly predicted using wood density as a surrogate measure.