Abstract Background As a common disabling disease, irreversible neuronal death due to spinal cord injury (SCI) is the root cause of functional impairment; however, the capacity for neuronal regeneration in the developing spinal cord tissue is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate how defective neurons can be replenished and functionally integrated by neural regeneration; the reprogramming of intrinsic cells into functional neurons may represent an ideal solution. Methods A mouse model of transection SCI was prepared by forceps clamping, and an adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying the transcription factors NeuroD1 and Neurogenin-2(Ngn2) was injected in situ into the spinal cord to specifically overexpress these transcription factors in astrocytes close to the injury site. 5-bromo-2´-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was subsequently injected intraperitoneally to continuously track cell regeneration, neuroblasts and immature neurons marker expression, neuronal regeneration, and glial scar regeneration. In addition, immunoprotein blotting was used to measure the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway-related protein expression. We also evaluated motor function, sensory function, and the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier(BSCB). Results The in situ overexpression of NeuroD1 and Ngn2 in the spinal cord was achieved by specific AAV vectors. This intervention led to a significant increase in cell regeneration and the proportion of cells with neuroblasts and immature neurons cell properties at the injury site(p < 0.0001). Immunofluorescence staining identified astrocytes with neuroblasts and immature neurons cell properties at the site of injury while neuronal marker-specific staining revealed an increased number of mature astrocytes at the injury site. Behavioral assessments showed that the intervention did not improve The BMS (Basso mouse scale) score (p = 0.0726) and gait (p > 0.05), although the treated mice had more sensory sensitivity and greater voluntary motor ability in open field than the non-intervention mice. We observed significant repair of the BSCB at the center of the injury site (p < 0.0001) and a significant improvement in glial scar proliferation. Electrophysiological assessments revealed a significant improvement in spinal nerve conduction (p < 0.0001) while immunostaining revealed that the levels of TGF-β protein at the site of injury in the intervention group were lower than control group (p = 0.0034); in addition, P70 s6 and PP2A related to the TGF-β pathway showed ascending trend (p = 0.0036, p = 0.0152 respectively). Conclusions The in situ overexpression of NeuroD1 and Ngn2 in the spinal cord after spinal cord injury can reprogram astrocytes into neurons and significantly enhance cell regeneration at the injury site. The reprogramming of astrocytes can lead to tissue repair, thus improving the reduced threshold and increasing voluntary movements. This strategy can also improve the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier and enhance nerve conduction function. However, the simple reprogramming of astrocytes cannot lead to significant improvements in the striding function of the lower limbs.

Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5’end or 3’end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5’ end or 3’ end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications. Introduction aging (TL trait disease (TERC operation elderly Methods leukocytes (BIS analyses 5end 5 3end 3 detected 10 surgery Results r 078 0 78 0.78 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) 084 84 0.84 0.004, 0004 0.004 004 0.004) 083 83 0.83 085 85 0.85 0.029. 0029 0.029 . 029 0.029) 0.58, 058 58 (0.58 021 21 0.21 019 19 0.19 0.12 012 12 variables However Conclusions complications 1 07 7 0.7 000 0.00 00 08 8 0.8 002 0.02 02 0.58 05 (0.5 2 0.2 01 0.1 0. 0.0 0.5 (0. (0 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in patients with residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and to establish a nomogram to predict the probability of adverse outcomes based on these risk factors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 233 patients who underwent PCNL for upper urinary tract calculi and had postoperative residual stones. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether adverse outcomes occurred, and the risk factors for adverse outcomes were explored by univariate and multivariate analyses. Finally, we created a nomogram for predicting the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with residual stones after PCNL. Results: In this study, adverse outcomes occurred in 125 (53.6%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors for adverse outcomes were the diameter of the postoperative residual stones (P < 0.001), a positive urine culture (P = 0.022), and previous stone surgery (P = 0.004). The above independent risk factors were used as variables to construct the nomogram. The nomogram model was internally validated. The calculated concordance index was 0.772. The Hosmer– Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was performed (P > 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of this model was 0.772. Conclusions: Larger diameter of residual stones, positive urine culture, and previous stone surgery were significant predictors associated with adverse outcomes in patients with residual stones after PCNL. Our nomogram could help to assess the risk of adverse outcomes quickly and effectively in patients with residual stones after PCNL Purpose (PCNL Methods 23 analyses Finally Results study 12 53.6% 536 53 6 (53.6% P 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 0 001 0.001) 0.022, 0022 0.022 022 0.022) 0.004. 0004 0.004 . 004 0.004) validated 0772 772 0.772 Hosmer goodnessoffit goodness fit 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) Conclusions 2 1 53.6 5 (53.6 000 0.00 00 002 0.02 02 077 77 0.77 0.0 53. (53. 07 7 0.7 0. (53 (5 (

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic safety and accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy (US-CNB) Axillary Lymph Nodes (ALNs) region in patients with Breast Cancer (BC). Methods: The authors searched the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for clinical trials about US-CNB for the detection of ALNs in breast cancer patients. The authors extracted and pooled raw data from the included studies and performed statistical analyses using Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Review Manager 5.3 software. A random effects model was used to calculate the data. At the same time, data from the Ultrasound-guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (US-FNA) were introduced for comparison with the US-CNB. In addition, the subgroup was performed to explore the causes of heterogeneity. (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022369491). Results: In total, 18 articles with 2521 patients were assessed as meeting the study criteria. The overall sensitivity was 0.90 (95% CI [Confidence Interval], 0.87‒0.91; p = 0.00), the overall specificity was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98‒ 1.00; p = 0.62), the overall area under the curve (AUC) was 0.98. Next, in the comparison of US-CNB and US-FNA, US-CNB is better than US-FNA in the diagnosis of ALNs metastases. The sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI 0.84‒ 0.91; p = 0.12) vs. 0.73 (95% CI 0.69‒0.76; p = 0.91), the specificity was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99‒1.00; p = 1.00) vs. 0.99 (95% CI 0.67‒0.74; p = 0.92), and the AUC was 0.99 vs. 0.98. Subgroup analysis showed that heterogeneity may be related to preoperative Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) treatment, region, size of tumor diameter, and the number of punctures. Conclusion: US-CNB has a satisfactory diagnostic performance with good specificity and sensitivity in the preoperative diagnosis of ALNs in BC patients. Objective metaanalysis meta UltrasoundGuided Ultrasound Guided USCNB US CNB (US-CNB (ALNs BC. . (BC) Methods PubMed Scopus Embase MetaDiSc Meta DiSc 14 1 4 1. 53 5 3 5. software time Ultrasoundguided guided FineNeedle Fine USFNA FNA (US-FNA USCNB. CNB. addition PROSPERO ID CRD42022369491. CRD42022369491 CRD CRD42022369491) Results total 252 criteria 090 0 90 0.9 95% 95 (95 Confidence Interval, Interval , Interval] 0.87‒0.91 087091 87 91 0.00, 000 0.00 00 0.00) 099 99 098 98 0.98 100 0.62, 062 0.62 62 0.62) (AUC Next USFNA, FNA, metastases 088 88 0.8 084 84 0.84 0.91 091 0.12 012 12 vs 073 73 0.7 0.69‒0.76 069076 69 76 0.91, 0.91) 1.0 0.99‒1.00 099100 0.67‒0.74 067074 67 74 0.92, 092 0.92 92 0.92) NAC (NAC treatment diameter punctures Conclusion (BC CRD4202236949 25 09 9 0. (9 0.87‒0.9 08709 8 0.0 10 06 0.6 6 08 0.1 01 07 7 0.69‒0.7 06907 0.99‒1.0 09910 0.67‒0.7 06707 CRD420223694 2 ( 0.87‒0. 0870 0.69‒0. 0690 0.99‒1. 0991 0.67‒0. 0670 CRD42022369 0.87‒0 087 0.69‒0 069 0.99‒1 0.67‒0 067 CRD4202236 0.87‒ 0.69‒ 0.99‒ 0.67‒ CRD420223 0.87 0.69 0.67 CRD42022 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Picrasma quassioides Benn against inflammation by means of network pharmacology. The paper will provide a reference for multi-target and multi-channel treatment of inflammation with traditional Chinese medicine. Through screening and analysis, 11 active ingredients and 109 anti-inflammation prediction targets were obtained and constructed a compound-target network. The targets such as VEGFA, TLR4 and STAT3 may play a crucial role. Network enrichment analysis showed that the 109 potential targets constitute a number of pathways or inflammatory reactions closely related to inflammation, including NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. The docking results indicated that the binding energy of Picrasidine Y and the inflammatory factors VEGFA is the highest. This study predicted the role of multiple active compounds in the alkaloids of Picrasma in the inflammatory response, and provided a theoretical basis for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Picrasma. pharmacology multitarget multi target multichannel channel medicine 1 10 antiinflammation anti compoundtarget compound TLR STAT NFκB NF κB highest response antiinflammatory

Abstract Background Although traditionally used for the diagnosis of skin tumors, in the past few years dermoscopy as a clinical diagnostic aid for inflammatory and infectious skin manifestations has also received more and more attention. The clinical variability of cutaneous sarcoidosis (CS) often makes its correct diagnosis challenging. Dermoscopy can be used as an auxiliary examination method. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CS. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 39 CS clinical and dermoscopic images collected in the Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University from August 2013 to February 2021. Results Retrospective dermoscopic evaluation revealed small grouped, translucent orange globular structures in all 39 cases. Variable diameter linear vessels were found in 38 cases. A central scar-like area was seen in 26 cases. Bright white streaks were seen in 30 cases. The follicular plugs were seen in 15 cases. Study limitations First, the number of cutaneous sarcoidosis cases the authors collected is small. Second, due to the lack of a control group, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed criteria were not calculated. Finally, since our study mainly includes suspicious lesions that were biopsied for diagnostic purposes, there may be a selection bias. Conclusion Lesions showing on dermoscopy grouped translucent orange ovoid structures associated with linear vessels should raise the suspicion of CS. Central scar-like areas and bright white streaks are also helpful in the diagnosis of CS. tumors attention (CS challenging method 3 Dermatology 201 2021 scarlike scar like 2 1 First Second group calculated Finally purposes bias 20 202

RESUMEN Introducción: Se carece de biosensores electroquímicos que permitan encontrar la hemoglobina (Hb), una proteína que se encuentra dentro de los glóbulos rojos, disponible en las muestras de orina de los deportistas. Objetivo: Este trabajo se centra en la producción de dsDNA inmovilizado en un electrodo de carbono vítreo modificado con Au (dsDNA/Au/GCE) y su uso como sensor de la presencia de hemoglobina urinaria. Métodos: Los elementos fueron depositados en forma esférica y probados como una superficie de electrodo porosa para la inmovilización de ADN, según el escaneo de la superficie del dsDNA/Au/GCE funcionalizado, utilizando el análisis SEM. Se utilizó la DPV y la amperometría para realizar estudios electroquímicos. Resultados: Los análisis amperométricos demostraron que la determinación de Hb en dsDNA/Au/GCE mostraba un mayor grado de estabilidad y sensibilidad. En la existencia de múltiples especies interferentes y muestras clínicas de orina producidas, se investigó la selectividad y la capacidad real del dsDNA/Au/GCE para la determinación de Hb. Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que el dsDNA/Au/GCE es eficaz, fiable y selectivo como sensor electroquímico de Hb. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción Hb, , (Hb) rojos deportistas Objetivo dsDNAAuGCE GCE (dsDNA/Au/GCE urinaria Métodos ADN funcionalizado SEM Resultados sensibilidad producidas Conclusión eficaz II tratamiento (Hb

RESUMO Introdução: Há uma carência de biossensores eletroquímicos que permitam encontrar a hemoglobina (Hb), uma proteína encontrada dentro dos glóbulos vermelhos do sangue, disponível em amostras de urina dos atletas. Objetivo: Este trabalho é focado na produção de dsDNA imobilizado em um eletrodo de carbono vítreo Au-modificado (dsDNA/Au/GCE) e seu uso como sensor para a presença de hemoglobina urinária. Métodos: Os elementos foram depositados em forma esférica e testados como superfície de eletrodo de porosidade para imobilização do DNA, de acordo com o exame de superfície do dsDNA/Au/GCE funcionalizado, utilizando análise SEM. DPV e amperometria foram usados para conduzir estudos eletroquímicos. Resultados: As análises amperométricas demonstraram que a determinação de Hb em dsDNA/Au/GCE apresentou um melhor grau de estabilidade e sensibilidade. Na existência de múltiplas espécies interferentes e amostras clínicas de urina produzidas, a seletividade e capacidade real do dsDNA/Au/GCE para a determinação da hemoglobina foram investigadas. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que o dsDNA/Au/GCE é efetivo, confiável e seletivo como sensor eletroquímico de Hb. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução Hb, , (Hb) sangue atletas Objetivo Aumodificado Au modificado dsDNAAuGCE GCE (dsDNA/Au/GCE urinária Métodos DNA funcionalizado SEM Resultados sensibilidade produzidas investigadas Conclusão efetivo II tratamento (Hb

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is a lack of electrochemical biosensors that allow finding hemoglobin (Hb), a protein found within red blood cells, available in athletes’ urine samples. Objective: This work is focused on the production of dsDNA immobilized on an Au-modified glassy carbon electrode (dsDNA/Au/GCE) and its use as a sensor for the presence of urinary hemoglobin. Methods: The elements were deposited in spherical form and tested as a porosity electrode surface for DNA immobilization according to the surface scan of the functionalized dsDNA/Au/GCE using SEM analysis. DPV and amperometry were used to conduct electrochemical studies. Results: Amperometric analyses showed that Hb determination on dsDNA/Au/GCE showed better stability and sensitivity. In the existence of multiple interfering species and clinical urine samples produced, the selectivity and the actual ability of dsDNA/Au/GCE for hemoglobin determination were investigated. Conclusion: The results showed that dsDNA/Au/GCE is effective, reliable, and selective as an electrochemical sensor of Hb. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction Hb, , (Hb) cells athletes Objective Aumodified Au modified dsDNAAuGCE GCE (dsDNA/Au/GCE Methods analysis Results sensitivity produced investigated Conclusion effective reliable II outcomes (Hb

Abstract To explore the critical care treatment and clinical outcome of patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SaSAH), and to provide clinical evidence for the treatment of patients with SaSAH. 160 patients with SaSAH of Hunt and Hess (H&H) grade III or above in the neurosurgical critical care unit at ourospital between June 2016 and June 2018 were enrolled in this study. Patients were treated with brain protective bundle based on step-wised protocol under multimodal monitoring and followed up for 3 months. The incidence of various clinical complications and the clinical prognosis after discharge were statistically analyzed. Furthermore, it carried on the correlation analysis to the risk factors and the prognosis. In 160 patients with SaSAH, 127 patients had responsible aneurysms located in the anterior circulation, and the other 33 patients were located in the posterior circulation. 70 patients (43.8%) underwent transcranial clipping, 81 patients (50.6%) underwent endovascular embolization and 9 patients (5.6%) did not intervene. Patients with IV and V grades of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were considered good recovery, and those with grade I, II and III were poor prognosis. The 30-day good prognosis rate was 41.3% (66/160) and the poor prognosis rate was 58.7% (94/160). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Hunt & Hess classification correlated well with prognosis (OR: 4.367,95% CI, 2.254-8.460, P < 0.001). The clinical prognosis of patients with SaSAH is still poor. In particular, under the critical care of neurosurgery, the application of brain protective bundle based on step-wised protocol under multimodal monitoring might improve the clinical prognosis of patients with SaSAH.

Abstract The high-methoxyl pectin of citrus was used to prepare a fat substitute and applied to the processing technology of moon-cake skin. The physical, chemical, and sensory properties of fat substitutes and prepared moon-cake skins were studied by selecting texture properties, rheological properties, water distribution, and water-holding capacity. Results showed that the gel hardness of glucan–sucrose (G-SG) (glucan/sucrose = 4:6) as synergistic gel was 6.23 ± 0.10 N, the elasticity was 3.97 ± 0.03 mm, the adhesive viscosity was 4.87 ± 0.20 N, the chewiness was 16.87 ± 0.51 mj, the water-holding capacity was 98.33%, and the gel obtained from sucrose (SG) as gelation agent had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The consistency coefficient and thixotropic circle area of G-SG was larger than that of SG. Through dynamic viscoelastic scanning, we found that the tanδ of G-SG was smaller, and it had stronger hydrophobic interaction and stronger fluid properties after high-speed shear. It also more easily maintained a flow state similar to oil. G-SG was further applied to the processing technology of low-fat moon-cake skin. The color of the prepared low-fat moon-cake skin darkened, the water-holding capacity was enhanced, the fat content decreased from 22.21% ± 0.54% to 14.07% ± 0.57%, the oil droplets enlarged, and flocculation strengthened. Results of texture-characteristic and sensory-score analyses showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) from the control group when the oil substitution amount was 40%. At this time, the total sensory score was 41.71 ± 2.02.

Abstract In this study, whole wheat flour (WWF) was prepared by blending one commercial noodle flour with ten different bran samples from white and red winter wheat varieties. The whole wheat dough properties and noodle qualities were investigated. In general, brans from red wheat varieties exhibited higher total phenolic contents than those from white wheat varieties. Mixolab analysis revealed significant relationships between bran ash, starch, and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) contents and the mixing and pasting properties of WWF dough. Concerning the noodle quality, bran protein content showed a positive correlation with tensile strength (P < 0.01), elongation distance, springiness, and resilience of cooked noodles. Also, bran IDF content was positively related to the hardness of cooked whole-wheat noodles. These results suggest that bran with higher protein content and lower IDF content is more desirable for the production of whole wheat noodles.

Abstract Serrapeptase, a proteolytic enzyme, has been used for the adjuvant treatment of many diseases. However, its fibrinolytic activity is still uncertain. Herein, the fibrinolytic activity of serrapeptase and its in vitro thrombolytic effects were investigated. The results showed that the fibrinolytic activity of serrapeptase was 1295 U/mg, and the specific activity was 3867 U/mg of protein when its proteolytic activity toward casein was 2800 U/mg. The optimum temperature and pH for serrapeptase activity were 37-40°C and 9.0, respectively. At 1 mmol/L, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ could activate the fibrinolytic activity of serrapeptase, while K+, Cu2+, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) inhibited it. In vitro tests showed that serrapeptase could completely prevent blood coagulation at 150 U/mL, and the percentage of blood clot lysis reached 96.6% at 37°C after 4 h at 300 U/mL. These results indicate that serrapeptase has excellent fibrinolytic activity, and can be used as a health food or candidate drug for the prevention or treatment of thrombotic diseases.

Stereotactic biopsies for lesions in the brainstem and deep brain are rare. This study aimed to summarize our 6-year experience in the accurate diagnosis of lesions in the brain stem and deep brain and to discuss the technical note and strategies. From December 2011 to January 2018, 72 cases of intracranial lesions in the brainstem or deep in the lobes undergoing stereotactic biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. An individualized puncture path was designed based on the lesion's location and the image characteristics. The most common biopsy targets were deep in the lobes (43 cases, 59.7%), including frontal lobe (33 cases, 45.8%), temporal lobe (4 cases, 5.6%), parietal lobe (3 cases, 4.2%), and occipital lobe (3 cases, 4.2 %). There were 12 cases (16.7%) of the brainstem, including 8 cases (11.1%) of midbrain, and 4 cases (5.6%) of pons or brachium pontis. Other targets included internal capsule (2 cases, 2.8%), thalamus (3 cases, 4.2%), and basal ganglion (12 cases, 16.7%). As for complications, one patient developed acute intracerebral hemorrhage in the biopsy area at 2 h post-operation, and one patient had delayed intracerebral hemorrhage at 7 days post-operation. The remaining patients recovered well after surgery. There was no surgery-related death. The CT-MRI-guided stereotactic biopsy of lesions in the brainstem or deep in the brain has the advantages of high safety, accurate diagnosis, and low incidence of complications. It plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of atypical, microscopic, diffuse, multiple, and refractory lesions.

Naringenin (NAR) is a major flavanone in citrus fruits that has multiple pharmacological attributes such as anticancer and antiatherogenic. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of NAR in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis (AS) in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. A HFD-induced AS ApoE-/- mouse model was established. The mice were treated with HFD, different doses of NAR and simvastatin (Simv). After drug treatment, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined. The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected using qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The plaque area of the aorta of AS mice was determined using oil red O staining. Western blot analysis was applied to measure the levels of autophagy-related proteins [protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), beclin 1, and p62]. The TC, TG, LDL-C, TNF-α, ALT, and MDA levels were significantly increased while the HDL-C, SOD, and GSH-Px levels were decreased in the HFD-induced AS ApoE-/- mice. NAR treatment reversed the expression of the above indicators in mice. After they were treated with different doses of NAR, the LC3B and beclin 1 levels were improved while the p62 protein level was decreased. This study suggested that NAR could promote cell autophagy to improve HFD-induced AS in ApoE-/- mice.

ABSTRACT Background: The diagnostic value and suitability of prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) have been inconsistent in previous studies. Thus, the aim of the present meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of PCA3 for PCa. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis was performed to search relevant studies using online databases EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science published until February 1st, 2019. Ultimately, 65 studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis with 8.139 cases and 14.116 controls. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (LR+), negative likelihood ratios (LR−), and other measures of PCA3 were pooled and determined to evaluate the diagnostic rate of PCa by the random-effect model. Results: With PCA3, the pooled overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR−, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for predicting significant PCa were 0.68 (0.64-0.72), 0.72 (0.68-0.75), 2.41 (2.16-2.69), 0.44 (0.40-0.49), respectively. Besides, the summary diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and 95% CIs for PCA3 was 5.44 (4.53-6.53). In addition, the area under summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves and 95% CIs was 0.76 (0.72-0.79). The major design deficiencies of included studies were differential verification bias, and a lack of clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis suggested that PCA3 was a non-invasive method with the acceptable sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PCa, to distinguish between patients and healthy individuals. To validate the potential applicability of PCA3 in the diagnosis of PCa, more rigorous studies were needed to confirm these conclusions.

Two 2,2’:6’,2”-terpyridine-based Schiff bases (TPySSB and TPySB) have been synthesized. The TPySSB shows remarkable selective ‘off-on’ fluorescence for Al3+ in combination with photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism and C=N isomerization mechanism. Chemosensor TPySSB binds Al3+ in a 1:2 ratio with an association constant 6.8 × 105 (correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.98) and this 1:2 stoichiometric model is established on Job’s plot and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Comparing TPySSB and TPySB, it is of great importance the existence of oxygen atom of hydroxyl group in salicylidene due to its strong binding abilities of both phenol and C=N structure to the Al3+.