Abstract Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is a systemic vascular inflammatory disease. Huanglian Decoction (HLD) ameliorates renal injury in nephritis; however, the mechanism of action of HLD on HSPN has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of HLD treatment in HSPN. The effects of HLD on HSPN biochemical indices, kidney injury and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway were analyzed by biochemical analysis, ELISA, HE and PAS staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western Blot. In addition, the effects of HLD on HSPN cells were analyzed. We found that HLD treatment significantly reduced renal tissue damage, decreased the levels of IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and increased the levels of TP and ALB in HSPN mice. It also inhibited the deposition of IgA, IgG, and C3 in kidney tissues and significantly decreased the expression of IκBα, p-IκBα, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in kidney tissues and cells. In addition, PMA treatment inhibited the above-mentioned effects of HLD. These results suggested that HLD attenuates renal injury, IgA deposition, and inflammation in HSPN mice and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. HenochSchonlein Henoch Schonlein (HSPN disease (HLD however investigated indices NFκB/NLRP3 NFκBNLRP3 NFκBNLRP NF κB/NLRP3 κB NLRP3 NLRP NF-κB/NLRP analysis ELISA staining immunohistochemistry immunofluorescence Blot addition damage IL17, IL17 IL 17, 17 IL-17 IL18, IL18 18, 18 IL-18 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IL1β, IL1β ILβ 1β, 1β β IgG C IκBα pIκBα, pIκBα p p-IκBα caspase1, caspase1 caspase 1, 1 caspase-1 abovementioned above mentioned NFκB NFκB/NLRP κBNLRP3 κBNLRP κB/NLRP IL1 IL-1 caspase- IL-

Abstract Objective To explore the relationship between Growth Hormone Insulin-like Growth Factors (GH-IGFs) and growth retardation in children with bronchial asthma. Methods 112 children with bronchial asthma and 50 healthy children were studied. Serum GH, IGF-1, and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) were assessed by ELISA. GH-IGFs-related parameters were compared, and the correlation between the parameters and bronchial asthma severity was analyzed. The bronchial asthma group was divided into the growth retardation group and non-growth retardation group to analyze the diagnostic value of GH-IGFs in growth retardation and the relationship between GH-IGFs and growth retardation. Results GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the bronchial asthma group were lower. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 levels were decreased with the severity of bronchial asthma. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the growth retardation group were lower than those in the non-growth retardation group. The AUC of GH-IGFs combined detection was higher than that of GH and IGFBP3 alone detection. GH < 9.27 μg/L and IGF-1 < 179.53 mmoL/L were risk factors for growth retardation in patients with bronchial asthma. Conclusion GH-IGFs-related parameters have diagnostic value for growth retardation in children, and decreased levels of GH and IGF-1 are risk factors for growth retardation in children. Insulinlike Insulin like GHIGFs IGFs (GH-IGFs 11 5 studied IGF1, IGF1 IGF 1, 1 IGFBP (IGFBP3 ELISA GHIGFsrelated related compared analyzed nongrowth non 927 9 27 9.2 μgL μg L IGF- 17953 179 53 179.5 mmoLL mmoL (IGFBP 92 2 9. 1795 17 179.

As an important component of solid tumors, mast cells show specific phenotypes in various tumor microenvironments. However, the precise mechanism of mast cell accumulation and the phenotypic features of thyroid cancer (TC) remain largely unknown. Here, we found that mast cells were obviously recruited to tumor tissue by TC-derived stem cell factor (SCF). With tumor progression, mast cell levels increased gradually. In addition, intratumoral mast cells expressed higher levels of the immunosuppressive molecule galectin-9, which effectively suppresses CD8+ T-cell antitumor immunity in vitro. Blocking galectin-9 on tumor-infiltrating mast cells reversed the immunosuppression of CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our data elucidated novel protumorigenic and immunosuppressive roles of mast cells in TC. In addition, our results indicated that blocking mast cells may impede tumor progression and ameliorate the prognosis of TC patients. tumors microenvironments However (TC unknown Here TCderived derived SCF. SCF . (SCF) gradually addition galectin9, galectin9 galectin 9, 9 CD8 CD Tcell vitro galectin- tumorinfiltrating infiltrating conclusion patients (SCF

Abstract Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammation of the upper genital tract. PID is the leading cause of some severe sequelae in the absence of timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment. An appropriate animal model is needed to explore the underlying mechanism of PID sequelae. This study introduced an animal model of PID by vaginal injection of liquid Ureaplasma urealyticum combined with fatigue and hunger (UVF). This study was designed to test the feasibility of a rat model. A rat model was established using UVF irradiation. Levels of some inflammatory cytokines in the serum and the homogenates of the fallopian tubes were measured by ELISA, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry and compared with another rat model of Ureaplasma urealyticum liquids injected into the two uterus horns during laparotomy. Inflammatory alterations and adhesions were observed after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and detected using the Blauer scoring system. The results showed that the combined UVF and rat model caused apparent obstruction, edema, and adhesion in the fallopian tubes and connective tissues. The rat model showed upregulated CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and significantly increased levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17. UVF also enhanced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) β, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (P<0.05). The UVF rat model can induce inflammatory alterations in the fallopian tubes and connective tissues, and can be used as a model of PID. (PID tract treatment UVF. . (UVF) irradiation ELISA RTPCR, RTPCR RT PCR, PCR RT-PCR laparotomy H&E HE H E (H&E system obstruction edema tissues CD4 CD CD8 CD4CD8 CDCD CD4/CD PBMCs (PBMCs IL4, IL4 IL 4, 4 IL-4 IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 IL10, IL10 10, 10 IL-10 IL17. IL17 17. 17 IL-17 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α (TNF)-α TGFβ, TGFβ TGF β (TGF)-β VEGF (VEGF MMP2 MMP 2 (MMP)- P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 0 05 (P<0.05) (UVF CD4CD IL- IL1 1 IL-1 (MMP) P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 (MMP P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P

Abstract Introduction: Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited disease with an abnormal electrical conduction system in the heart that can cause sudden death as a result of QT prolongation. LQT2 is the second most common subtype of LQTS caused by loss of function mutations in the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) gene. Although more than 900 mutations are associated with the LQTS, many of these mutations are not validated or characterized. Methods and results: Sequencing analyses of genomic DNA of a family with LQT2 identified a putative mutation. i.e., KCNH2(NM_000238.3): c.3099_3112del, in KCNH2 gene which appeared to be a definite pathogenic mutation. The family pedigree information showed a gender difference in clinical features and T-wave morphology between male and female patients. The female with mutation exhibited recurring ventricular arrhythmia and syncope, while two male carriers did not show any symptoms. In addition, T-wave in females was much flatter than in males. The female proband showed a positive reaction to the lidocaine test. Lidocaine injection almost completely blocked ventricular arrhythmia and shortened the QT interval by ≥30 ms. Treatment with propranolol, mexiletine, and implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators prevented the sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and syncope, as assessed by a 3-year follow-up evaluation. Conclusions: A putative mutation c.3099_3112del in the KCNH2 gene causes LQT2 syndrome, and the pathogenic mutation mainly causes symptoms in female progeny. Introduction (LQTS prolongation LQT voltagegated voltage gated KCNH (KCNH2 90 characterized results ie i e i.e. KCNH2NM_000238.3 KCNH2NM0002383 KCNHNM NM_000238.3 NM 000238 3 KCNH2(NM_000238.3) c30993112del cdel c 3099 3112del del Twave T wave patients syncope addition males test 30 ≥3 ms propranolol mexiletine cardioverterdefibrillators cardioverter defibrillators tachycardia fibrillation 3year year followup follow up evaluation Conclusions syndrome progeny (KCNH 9 i.e KCNH2NM KCNH2NM_000238. KCNH2NM000238 NM0002383 NM_000238. 00023 KCNH2(NM_000238.3 309 ≥ KCNH2NM_000238 KCNH2NM00023 NM000238 NM_000238 0002 KCNH2(NM_000238. KCNH2NM_00023 KCNH2NM0002 NM00023 NM_00023 000 KCNH2(NM_000238 KCNH2NM_0002 KCNH2NM000 NM0002 NM_0002 00 KCNH2(NM_00023 KCNH2NM_000 KCNH2NM00 NM000 NM_000 0 KCNH2(NM_0002 KCNH2NM_00 KCNH2NM0 NM00 NM_00 KCNH2(NM_000 KCNH2NM_0 NM0 NM_0 KCNH2(NM_00 KCNH2NM_ NM_ KCNH2(NM_0 KCNH2(NM_ KCNH2(NM

Abstract Objective: The objective was to evaluate whether initiation of urate-lowering treatment (ULT) during an acute gout flare prolonged the current episode. Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and Web of Science databases was conducted from their inception to 15 March 2021. Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 381 patients met the inclusion criteria. Standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for estimating the clinical efficacy of ULT in acute gout. Results: There was no statistical difference in days to resolution (intent-to-treat analysis) (SMD, 0.68; 95% CI — 0.42 to 1.78; I2, 49%; p = 0.22), the pain visual analogue score (VAS) by day 10 (SMD, — 0.07; 95% CI — 0.30 to 0.16; I2, 0%; p = 0.53), C-reactive protein (CRP) from day 7 to 10 (SMD, — 1.14; 95% CI — 5.63 to 3.36; I2, 55%; p = 0.62), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) from day 7 to 10 (SMD, — 2.51; 95% CI — 5.46 to 0.45; I2, 0%; p = 0.10) and the recurrence of gout flares within 28-30 days (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.29 to 2.09; I2, 0%; p = 0.62). Conclusion: Initiation of ULT during an acute gout flare did not prolong the duration of the flare. However, larger sample size studies are needed to confirm this finding. Trial registration number PROSPERO (CRD42021234581).

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore the effect of different gastrointestinal reconstruction techniques on laparoscopic distal gastrectomy of gastric cancer on the nutritional and anemia status, and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Methods: Eligible patients were randomly divided into three groups (n=36/group): Billroth I anastomosis group, Billroth II combined with Braun anastomosis group, and Roux-en-Y anastomosis group. Related indicators were compared and analyzed. Results: The general data were comparable among the three groups (all P>0.05). Among the surgical-related indicators and postoperative recovery indicators, only the comparison of the operation time was statistically significant (P=0.004). The follow-up time was 5~36 months (average 27.9 months). In terms of nutritional and anemia indicators, only the differences in the levels of prealbumin, hemoglobin and serum ferritin in 24 months after operation showed significant differences (P=0.015, P=0.003, P=0.005, respectively). There were no significant differences in hospital readmission rate, overall survival, and QoL among the three groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: In laparoscopic gastrectomy for stage II~III distal gastric cancer, Billroth I anastomosis has shorter operation time than Billroth II combined with Braun anastomosis and Roux-en-Y anastomosis and advantages in the improvement of nutritional status and anemia recovery.

Abstract In this work, an immersion freezing system was proposed to shorten the total freezing time and improve the quality of frozen food. The thermal performance of the refrigerant liquid prepared for using in the immersion freezing system was evaluated. A three-dimensional model (3D) was developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of food freezing process. The effects of the refrigerant liquid inlet flow rate, inlet temperature, total freezing time and freezing rate of chicken breast, velocity and temperature distribution in the immersion freezing system were investigated. In addition, the freezing rates of food using traditional air-blast freezing and the proposed immersion freezing were evaluated. The results showed that the freezing rate of food in immersion freezing was approximately 12.85 times higher than that of the traditional air-blast freezing. When the flow rate increased from 0.11 kg·s-1 to 0.63 kg·s-1, the total freezing time shortened by 36.9%. When the temperature decreased from -25 ºC to -40 ºC, the total freezing time shortened by 35.5%. However, the temperature of the refrigerant liquid should not be too low, which will lead to high viscosity of the liquid, thus resulting in increasing in the overall power consumption of the proposed system.

Abstract Osmotic dehydration is a nonthermal processing technology, that is limited in blueberries because of the osmotic agent, temperature and efficiency. This study was to prepare a novel ternary solution considering low-sugar, low-salt and low-viscosity requirements and to dehydrate blueberries at 20 °C. The mass transfer kinetics of fresh and frozen blueberries were explored in ternary solution considering the volume shrinkage of blueberries. The results showed that the 40%/50% xylitol solution had the lowest viscosity in polyols at 20 °C. The addition of 5%/10% CaCl2 had no significant effect on the viscosity of the ternary solution. Frozen blueberries had higher OD efficiency and less equilibrium time than fresh blueberries at 600 rpm vibration speed and 50%xylitol/10%CaCl2 concentration. There was competition between xylitol and CaCl2 transfer at shorter dehydration times for fresh blueberries, which was not significant in frozen blueberries and with longer times. Considering volume shrinkage of the blueberries, the effective diffusion coefficient of water and solute was calculated. The vibration speed had a significant effect on the effective diffusion coefficient, which governed the mass transfer efficiencies of the blueberries in the ternary solution.

RESUMO Introdução A hipertensão é uma doença clínica comum, o que não é incomum na indústria de aviação. Os pilotos que sofrem de pressão alta precisam controlar a pressão alta para garantir a segurança do vôo. A terapia com exercícios é uma forma eficaz de controlar a hipertensão. Objetivo Desenhar os efeitos clínicos da intervenção com exercícios no tratamento da hipertensão em pilotos. Método O artigo distribuiu aleatoriamente 41 voluntários pilotos com hipertensão em dois grupos: os grupos de tratamento e controle. Exceto pela terapia de intervenção com exercícios diferentes, os outros métodos de tratamento são os mesmos. Após o término do experimento, os voluntários foram testados quanto aos seus indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos. Resultados Após um ano de dieta estrita e intervenção com exercícios, os dois grupos de indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos foram significativamente diferentes. Conclusão A intervenção de exercícios de intensidade moderada pode reduzir o índice de massa corporal, a relação cintura-quadril e o nível de pressão arterial de pacientes hipertensos, corrigir o distúrbio do metabolismo dos lipídios do sangue e pode ajudar a reduzir a taxa de recorrência da hipertensão. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Hypertension is a common clinical disease, which is not uncommon in the aviation industry. Pilots suffering from high blood pressure need to control high blood pressure to ensure flight safety. Exercise therapy is an effective way to control high blood pressure. Objective To design the clinical effects of exercise intervention in the treatment of hypertension in pilots. Method The article randomly assigned 41 pilot volunteers with hypertension to two groups: the treatment and control groups. Except for the different exercise intervention therapy, the other treatment methods are the same. After the expiration of the experiment, the volunteers were tested for their physiological and biochemical indicators. Results After one year of strict diet and exercise intervention, the two groups of physiological and biochemical indicators were significantly different. Conclusion Intervention of moderate-intensity exercise can reduce the body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure level of hypertensive patients, correct the disorder of blood lipid metabolism, and can help reduce the recurrence rate of hypertension. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción La hipertensión es una enfermedad clínica común, que no es infrecuente en la industria de la aviación. Los pilotos que sufren de presión arterial alta necesitan controlar la presión arterial alta para garantizar la seguridad del vuelo. La terapia con ejercicios es una forma eficaz de controlar la presión arterial alta. Objetivo Diseñar los efectos clínicos de la intervención con ejercicios en el tratamiento de la hipertensión en pilotos. Método El artículo asignó al azar a 41 voluntarios piloto con hipertensión a dos grupos: el de tratamiento y el de control. Excepto por las diferentes terapias de intervención con ejercicios, los otros métodos de tratamiento son los mismos. Después de la terminación del experimento, se evaluó a los voluntarios en cuanto a sus indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Resultados Después de un año de estricta intervención de dieta y ejercicio, los dos grupos de indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos fueron significativamente diferentes. Conclusión La intervención del ejercicio de intensidad moderada puede reducir el índice de masa corporal, la relación cintura-cadera y el nivel de presión arterial de los pacientes hipertensos, corregir el trastorno del metabolismo de los lípidos en sangre y puede ayudar a reducir la tasa de recurrencia de la hipertensión. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Ginkgo biloba leaves are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Owing to its wide distribution across China with varying geographical environments and climatic characteristics, G. biloba leaf products have different active ingredients and degrees of activities, which poses a challenge for quality control and standardization. We aimed to identify the key factors contributing to the quality of G. biloba based on assessment of anti-aging and antioxidative components. G. biloba leaf samples collected from 14 different regions in China were analyzed for antioxidant activities by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay, and the levels of terpene lactones and flavonoids were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography. Correlation analysis attributed the antioxidant activity of G. biloba leaf samples of different origins to isoginkgetin and ginkgetin, which also affected the matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels of fibroblasts, determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, appropriate quality control of a collected G. biloba sample could be achieved by determining the levels of isoginkgetin and ginkgetin as anti-aging and antioxidant components. The results further provide a foundation for the application of G. biloba leaves as an antioxidant raw material.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common malignant tumor in females. Although persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a leading factor that causes CC, few women with HPV infection develop CC. Therefore, many mechanisms remain to be explored, such as aberrant expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To identify promising prognostic factors and interpret the relevant mechanisms of CC, the RNA sequencing profile of CC was downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The GSE63514 dataset was analyzed, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by weighted coexpression network analysis and the edgeR package in R. Fifty-three shared genes were mainly enriched in nuclear chromosome segregation and DNA replication signaling pathways. Through a protein-protein interaction network and prognosis analysis, the kinesin family member 14 (KIF14) hub gene was extracted from the set of 53 shared genes, which was overexpressed and associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of CC patients. Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis showed that KIF14 was mainly enriched in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis signaling pathway and DNA replication signaling pathway, especially in the cell cycle signaling pathway. RT-PCR and the Human Protein Atlas database confirmed that these genes were significantly increased in CC samples. Therefore, our findings indicated the biological function of KIF14 in cervical cancer and provided new ideas for CC diagnosis and therapies.

T lymphocytes, cytokines, and macrophages play important roles in the clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of isoniazid on the functions of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Healthy rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups and named according to the duration of drug feeding, 1, 3, and 3 months followed by drug withdrawal for 1 month. The experimental groups were fed with isoniazid (12 mg/mL) and the control groups with normal saline. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes, level of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and function of macrophages were determined at these three time points. Isoniazid significantly increased the percentage of CD4+T lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte cell ratio (P < 0.05). It transiently (<1 month) enhanced the functions of rat macrophages significantly (P < 0.05). In summary, isoniazid could increase the percentage of CD4+T lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte cell ratio, and enhance macrophage function in healthy rats.

OBJECTIVES: This study intended to explore the effect of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the perinatal liver against LPS-induced inflammation in a preterm birth mouse model. Moreover, the role of adoptive Tregs on the inflammatory response induced by LPS was also studied. METHODS: Female BALB/C mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with LPS dissolved in normal saline solution at a dose of 50 µg/kg. Spleens from pregnant mice were used to obtain Tregs. The expression of Forkhead family transcription factor-3 (Foxp3), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were assessed from fetal liver tissues by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS: LPS administered to mice induced an inflammatory response in the perinatal liver, and this inflammatory response was negatively regulated by Tregs in the experimental group. Maternal-fetal tolerance was maintained by Tregs. Transmission of Tregs was estimated in different experimental groups based on the mRNA expression of TLR-4, IL-6, HO-1, and Foxp3. CONCLUSIONS: After analysis of the experimental data, it was determined that Tregs exhibited regulatory potential against LPS-induced inflammatory response. Further, it was concluded that the transmission of Tregs improved the mother’s immune tolerance against LPS-induced inflammation in the fetal liver.