Abstract: Computational psychiatry (CP), based on artificial intelligence technology, plays an increasingly important role in scientific research and medical diagnosis. Epistemic concerns in the ethics of artificial intelligence have also been at the center of debate in CP, but the different epistemic forms of injustice caused by the internal cultures of CP remain unexplained. We distinguish between data-driven and theory-driven cultures and their research purposes via practical examples of CP models deployed in addiction. A data-driven culture may advance medical understanding of biological categories of mental illness, whereas a theory-driven culture provides better explanatory mechanisms between symptoms and biology. We discuss testimonial injustice caused by the silencing of patient voices in a data-driven culture, and hermeneutic injustice caused by the non-sharing of hermeneutic resources in theory-driven culture based on Miranda Fricker’s account of epistemic injustice. We analyze the factors underlying nuances in epistemic forms between the two, such as naturalistic-dominated medical understanding and the system’s epistemic privileging. The above epistemic risks all indicate the intricacies of mental disorders and require that success be assessed in terms of actual benefit to patients. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the patient’s phenomenology and call for greater inclusion of patients in psychiatric decision-making processes.

Resumen: La psiquiatría computacional (PC), basada en la tecnología de la inteligencia artificial, desempeña un papel cada vez más importante en la investigación científica y el diagnóstico médico. Las preocupaciones epistémicas en la ética de la inteligencia artificial también han estado en el centro del debate en la PC, pero las diferentes formas epistémicas de injusticia causadas por las culturas internas de la PC siguen sin explicarse. Distinguimos entre las culturas basadas en los datos y las impulsadas por la teoría y sus propósitos de investigación mediante ejemplos prácticos de modelos de CP mostrados en la adicción. Una cultura impulsada por los datos puede hacer avanzar la comprensión médica de las categorías biológicas de las enfermedades mentales, mientras que una cultura impulsada por la teoría proporciona mejores mecanismos explicativos entre los síntomas y la biología. Basándonos en el relato de Miranda Fricker sobre la injusticia epistémica, discutimos la injusticia testimonial causada por el silenciamiento de los pacientes en una cultura centrada en los datos y la injusticia hermenéutica causada por el hecho de no compartir estos recursos en una cultura centrada en la teoría, Analizamos los factores que subyacen a los matices en las formas epistémicas entre ambas, como la comprensión médica dominada por el naturalismo y el privilegio epistémico del sistema. Todos los riesgos mencionados indican la complejidad de los trastornos mentales y exigen que el éxito se evalúe en términos de beneficio real para los pacientes. Por último, hacemos hincapié en la importancia de la fenomenología del paciente y pedimos una mayor inclusión de los pacientes en los procesos de toma de decisiones psiquiátricas.

Resumo: Psiquiatria computacional (PC), baseada na tecnologia da inteligência artificial, tem um papel crescentemente importante na pesquisa científica e no diagnóstico médico. Preocupações epistêmicas na ética da inteligência artificial tem também estado no centro das discussões da PC, mas as diferentes formas epistêmicas de injustiça causadas pelas culturas internas da PC permanecem inexplicáveis. Distinguimos entre culturas orientadas por dados e orientada por teorias e seus propósitos de pesquisa via exemplos práticos de modelos de PC empregados em dependências. Uma cultura orientada por dados pode avançar a compreensão médica de categorias biológicas de doença mental, enquanto uma cultura orientada por teorias fornece melhores mecanismos explicativos entre sintomas e biologia. Discutimos injustiça testemunhal causada pelo silenciamento de vozes de pacientes em uma cultura orientada por dados e injustiça hermenêutica causada pelo não compartilhamento de recursos hermenêuticos em cultura orientada por teorias, baseados no relato de Miranda Fricker sobre injustiça epistêmica. Analisamos os fatores subjacentes às nuances nas formas epistêmicas entre os dois, tais como a compreensão médica dominada pelo naturalismo e o privilégios epistêmicos do sistema. Todos os riscos epistêmicos citados anteriormente indicam as complexidades dos transtornos mentais e requerem que sucesso seja avaliado em termos de benefício real aos pacientes. Finalmente, enfatizamos a importância da fenomenologia do paciente e clamamos por maior inclusão de pacientes em processos de tomada de decisão psiquiátrica.

ABSTRACT Objective: Both pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and combined gonadotropin therapy are effective to induce spermatogenesis in men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pulsatile GnRH therapy on spermatogenesis in male patients with CHH who had poor response to combined gonadotropin therapy. Materials and methods: Patients who had poor response to combined gonadotropin therapy ≥ 6 months were recruited and shifted to pulsatile GnRH therapy. The rate of successful spermatogenesis, the median time to achieve spermatogenesis, serum gonadotropins, testosterone, and testicular volume were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 28 CHH patients who had poor response to combined gonadotropin (HCG/HMG) therapy for 12.5 (6.0, 17.75) months were recruited and switched to pulsatile GnRH therapy for 10.0 (7.25, 16.0) months. Sperm was detected in 17/28 patients (60.7%). The mean time for the appearance of sperm in semen was 12.0 (7.5, 17.5) months. Compared to those who could not achieve spermatogenesis during pulsatile GnRH therapy, the successful group had a higher level of LH60min (4.32 vs. 1.10 IU/L, P = 0.043) and FSH60min (4.28 vs. 1.90 IU/L, P = 0.021). Testicular size increased during pulsatile GnRH therapy, compared to previous HCG/HMG therapy (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For CHH patients with prior poor response to one year of HCG/HMG therapy, switching to pulsatile GnRH therapy may induce spermatogenesis. Objective gonadotropinreleasing releasing (GnRH CHH. . (CHH) methods gonadotropins testosterone analysis Results 2 HCGHMG HCG HMG (HCG/HMG 125 12 5 12. 6.0, 60 0 (6.0 17.75 1775 17 75 100 10 10. 7.25, 725 7 25 (7.25 16.0 160 16 1728 17/2 60.7%. 607 60.7% (60.7%) 120 7.5, (7.5 17.5 175 LHmin LH min 4.32 432 4 32 (4.3 vs 110 1 1.1 IUL IU L IU/L 0.043 0043 043 FSHmin FSH 4.28 428 (4.2 190 90 1.9 0.021. 0021 0.021 021 0.021) 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) Conclusion (CHH 6.0 (6. 17.7 177 7.25 72 (7.2 16. 172 17/ 60.7 (60.7% 7.5 (7. 17. 4.3 43 3 (4. 11 1. 0.04 004 04 4.2 42 19 9 002 0.02 02 00 0.0 6. (6 7.2 60. (60.7 7. (7 4. (4 0. ( (60. (60

ABSTRACT This study aimed to prepare Ganoderma-based activated carbons for chemical adsorption and catalyzing N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid to glyphosate. The activated carbons were prepared by applying different activation conditions. These carbon samples were applied to catalyze N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid to glyphosate. The results showed that the black Ganoderma char activated at 800 °C for 90 min using 40% phosphoric acid had the highest methylene blue adsorption capacity and DPPH scavenging activities, but the methylene blue adsorption capacity of the black Ganoderma sample activated at 800 °C for 90 min using 40% acid-base solution was lower than the red AC sample. These carbon samples had high thermal stability. Chemical modifications of these chars with the carbon modifiers at an optimized activation condition increased the Langmuir-specific surface areas of these carbon samples up to 2055.09 m2/g. The carbon sample of black Ganoderma activated using the 40% acid-base solution at 800 °C for 90 min and coupled with the addition of hydrogen peroxide during ultrasonication and microwave-assisted reactions had the highest glyphosate catalyzing rate. The glyphosate yield obtained from the catalyzing at atmospheric pressure was 58.78 ± 0.28%. These Ganoderma-based activated carbons can replace other carbon materials for catalysis applications and as adsorbents in food and pharmaceutical industries. Ganodermabased based Nphosphonomethyliminodiacetic N phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic conditions 80 C 9 40 activities acidbase base stability Langmuirspecific Langmuir specific 205509 2055 09 2055.0 m2g mg m2 g m m2/g microwaveassisted microwave assisted rate 5878 58 78 58.7 028 0 28 0.28% industries 8 4 20550 205 2055. 587 5 7 58. 02 2 0.28 20 0.2 0.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched from the inception of the databases to June 2022. RevMan 5.3.0 software was utilized for data analysis. In total, 13 self-descriptive studies, which enrolled 382 patients, were finally included. Results It was revealed that EUS for the treatment of pancreatic cancer exhibited a lower incidence of adverse reactions (Relative Risk Ration [RR = 0.23], 95 % Confidence interval [95 % CI 0.23-0.23]), a higher success rate (RR = 0.90, 95 % CI 0.90-0.90), and a low failure rate (RR = 0.06, 95 % CI 0.06-0.06). Moreover, EUS-guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (EUS-CPN) not only significantly relieved pancreatic cancer patients’ pain (RR = 0.83, 95 % CI 0.83-0.83), but also significantly eliminated pain in some patients (RR = 0.09, 95 % CI 0.09-0.09). The effects of EUS on pancreatic cancer treatment were satisfactory, and few adverse reactions were found. Conclusion: Owing to the restricted sample size in this meta-analysis, primarily consisting of descriptive studies, it was imperative to conduct more rigorously designed, multi-center, long-term follow-up, larger sample, and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to validate the findings. Objective (EUS Methods PubMed Embase Science 2022 530 5 3 0 5.3. analysis total 1 selfdescriptive self studies 38 included Relative RR 0.23, 023 0.23 , 23 0.23] 9 [9 0.230.23, 023023 0.23-0.23]) 090 90 0.90 0.900.90, 090090 0.90-0.90) 006 06 0.06 0.060.06. 006006 . 0.06-0.06) Moreover EUSguided guided EUSCPN CPN (EUS-CPN 083 83 0.83 0.830.83, 083083 0.83-0.83) 009 09 0.09 0.090.09. 009009 0.09-0.09) satisfactory found Conclusion metaanalysis, metaanalysis meta analysis, meta-analysis designed multicenter, multicenter multi center, center multi-center longterm long term followup, followup follow up, up follow-up RCTs (RCTs findings 202 53 5.3 02 0.2 2 [ 230 0.230.23 02302 0.23-0.23] 0.9 900 0.900.90 09009 0.90-0.90 00 0.0 060 0.060.06 00600 0.06-0.06 08 8 0.8 830 0.830.83 08308 0.83-0.83 0.090.09 00900 0.09-0.09 20 5. 0. 0.230.2 0230 0.23-0.23 0.900.9 0900 0.90-0.9 0.060.0 0060 0.06-0.0 0.830.8 0830 0.83-0.8 0.090.0 0090 0.09-0.0 0.230. 0.23-0.2 0.900. 0.90-0. 0.060. 0.06-0. 0.830. 0.83-0. 0.090. 0.09-0. 0.230 0.23-0. 0.900 0.90-0 0.060 0.06-0 0.830 0.83-0 0.090 0.09-0 0.23-0 0.90- 0.06- 0.83- 0.09- 0.23-

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the effect of ischemic postconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO group), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion group (IR group), ischemic preconditioning group (IPRE group) and ischemic postconditioning group (IPOST group) (10 mice in each group). Anterior descending coronary artery was blocked for 60 min and then reperfused for 15 min to induce myocardial IR. For the IPRE group, 3 consecutive cycles of 5 min of occlusion and 5 minutes of reperfusion of the coronary arteries were performed before ischemia. For the IPOST group, 3 consecutive cycles of 5 min reperfusion and 5 minutes of occlusion of the coronary arteries were performed before reperfusion. Pathological changes of lung tissue, lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indicators, apoptosis of lung cells and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) protein were used to evaluate lung injury. Results: After myocardial IR, lung injury worsened significantly, manifested by alveolar congestion, hemorrhage, structural destruction of alveolar septal thickening, and interstitial neutrophil infiltration. In addition, lung W/D ratio was increased, plasma inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-17A, were increased, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity of lung tissue was increased, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased after myocardial IR. It was accompanied by the increased protein expression levels of ERS-related protein glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12, and the increased apoptotic indices of lung tissues. Conclusion: IPOST can effectively improve myocardial IR-induced ALI by inhibiting ERS-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. Objective ischemiareperfusioninduced ischemia induced ALI. . (ALI) Methods C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ SO , ischemiareperfusion IR 10 (1 group. 1 wettodry wet dry WD W D (W/D factors indicators ERS (ERS Results significantly congestion hemorrhage thickening infiltration addition IL6, IL6 IL 6, (IL)-6 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α (TNF)-α IL17A, IL17A ILA 17A, 17A A IL-17A MDA (MDA SOD (SOD ERSrelated related 7 GRP78, GRP78 GRP (GRP78) CCAAT/enhancerbinding CCAATenhancerbinding CCAAT/enhancer binding CCAAT enhancer C/EBP CEBP EBP (C/EBP CHOP, CHOP (CHOP) caspase12, caspase12 caspase 12, 12 caspase-12 tissues Conclusion IRinduced ERSinduced (ALI ( (IL)- GRP7 (GRP78 enhancerbinding CCAATenhancer (CHOP caspase1 caspase-1 (IL) (GRP7 caspase- (IL (GRP

RESUMEN Introducción: El deterioro de la calidad física, el estado de salud y el sobrepeso hacen que muchos estudiantes universitarios tengan problemas físicos. El ejercicio continuo de intensidad moderada se ha convertido progresivamente en un método de ejercicio muy utilizado por muchas personas sanas. Objetivo: Explorar el resultado del ejercicio continuo de intensidad moderada sobre la tasa de grasa corporal y la captación máxima de oxígeno en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: El experimento tuvo duración de 8 semanas. El grupo de control no practicaba ningún otro ejercicio físico sistematizado, salvo la actividad física diaria y los deportes extraescolares. Además de las actividades diarias, el grupo experimental también realizó un entrenamiento de intensidad moderada en las clases de educación física. Resultados: En el grupo de entrenamiento, el índice medio de grasa corporal disminuyó en un 1,66%, el contenido de grasa corporal se redujo en 1,21 kg y el contenido de músculo esquelético aumentó en 1,44 en comparación con el de antes del entrenamiento. La capacidad vital y la capacidad ventilatoria máxima mostraron cambios significativos (P<0,05), de los cuales la capacidad ventilatoria máxima cambió más significativamente (P<0,01), de 79,63 ± 19,97L/min antes de la prueba a 98,65 ± 26,06L/min, con una ganancia media de 19,02L/min. Conclusión: El deporte continuo de intensidad moderada puede mejorar eficazmente la función cardiorrespiratoria de los estudiantes universitarios actuales, aumentar la captación de oxígeno corporal, reducir la tasa de grasa corporal, mejorar la forma física, con el objetivo de obtener un físico más saludable. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción físicos sanas Objetivo Métodos semanas sistematizado extraescolares diarias Resultados 166 1 66 1,66% 121 21 1,2 144 44 1,4 P<0,05, P005 P P<0,05 , 0 05 (P<0,05) P<0,01, P001 P<0,01 01 (P<0,01) 7963 79 63 79,6 1997Lmin Lmin 19 97L min L 9865 98 65 98,6 2606Lmin 26 06L 26,06L/min 1902Lmin 02L 19,02L/min Conclusión actuales saludable II tratamiento 16 6 1,66 12 2 1, 14 4 P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 (P<0,01 796 7 79, 986 9 98, 1,6 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P<0 (P<0, P< (P<0 (P< (P

RESUMO Introdução: O declínio da qualidade física, do nível de saúde e do excesso de peso fazem com que muitos estudantes universitários tenham problemas físicos. O exercício contínuo de intensidade moderada tornou-se progressivamente um método de exercício amplamente utilizado por muitas pessoas saudáveis. Objetivo: Explorar o resultado do exercício contínuo de intensidade moderada sobre a taxa de gordura corporal e a absorção máxima de oxigênio por parte dos estudantes universitários. Métodos: A experiência teve a duração de 8 semanas. O grupo de controle não praticou nenhum outro exercício físico sistematizado, exceto atividade física diária e esportes extracurriculares. Além das atividades diárias, o grupo experimental também realizou treinamento de intensidade moderada nas aulas de educação física. Resultados: No grupo de treinamento, a taxa média de gordura corporal decresceu 1,66%, o conteúdo de gordura corporal reduziu 1,21kg, e o conteúdo de músculo esquelético aumentou 1,44 em comparação com aquele antes do treinamento. A capacidade vital e a capacidade ventilatória máxima mostraram mudanças significativas (P<0,05), das quais a capacidade ventilatória máxima alterou-se mais significativamente (P<0,01), de 79,63 ± 19,97L/min antes do teste para 98,65 ± 26,06L/min, com um ganho médio de 19,02L/min. Conclusão: Esportes contínuos de intensidade moderada podem efetivamente melhorar a função cardiorrespiratória dos estudantes universitários atuais, aumentar a absorção de oxigênio corporal, reduzir a taxa de gordura corporal, melhorar a aptidão física, visando a obtenção de um físico mais saudável. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução físicos tornouse tornou se saudáveis Objetivo Métodos semanas sistematizado extracurriculares diárias Resultados 166 1 66 1,66% 121kg kg 21kg 1,21kg 144 44 1,4 P<0,05, P005 P P<0,05 , 0 05 (P<0,05) alterouse alterou P<0,01, P001 P<0,01 01 (P<0,01) 7963 79 63 79,6 1997Lmin Lmin 19 97L min L 9865 98 65 98,6 2606Lmin 26 06L 26,06L/min 1902Lmin 02L 19,02L/min Conclusão atuais saudável II tratamento 16 6 1,66 14 4 1, P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 (P<0,01 796 7 79, 986 9 98, 2 1,6 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P<0 (P<0, P< (P<0 (P< (P

ABSTRACT Introduction: Declining physical quality, health status, and being overweight cause many college students to have physical problems. Continuous moderate-intensity exercise has become a widely used exercise method for many healthy people. Objective: Explore the outcome of continuous moderate-intensity exercise on college students' body fat rate and maximal oxygen uptake. Methods: The experiment will last for eight weeks. The control group did not practice other systematized exercises except daily physical activity and extracurricular sports. In addition to daily activities, the experimental group also performed moderate-intensity training in physical education classes. Results: In the training group, the average body fat rate decreased by 1.66%, the body fat content reduced by 1.21kg, and the skeletal muscle content increased by 1.44 compared to that before training. Vital capacity and maximal ventilatory capacity showed significant changes (P<0.05), of which maximal ventilatory capacity changed most significantly (P<0.01), from 79.63 ± 19.97L/min before the test to 98.65 ± 26.06L/min, with an average gain of 19.02L/min. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity continuous sports can effectively improve the cardiorespiratory function of current college students, increase body oxygen uptake, reduce body fat rate, and improve physical fitness, aiming to achieve a healthier physique. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes. Introduction quality status problems moderateintensity moderate intensity people Objective uptake Methods weeks activities classes Results 166 1 66 1.66% 121kg kg 21kg 1.21kg 144 44 1.4 P<0.05, P005 P P<0.05 , 0 05 (P<0.05) P<0.01, P001 P<0.01 01 (P<0.01) 7963 79 63 79.6 1997Lmin Lmin 19 97L min L 9865 98 65 98.6 2606Lmin 26 06L 26.06L/min 1902Lmin 02L 19.02L/min Conclusion Moderateintensity Moderate fitness physique II outcomes 16 6 1.66 14 4 1. P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 (P<0.01 796 7 79. 986 9 98. 2 1.6 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P

Abstract We aimed to compare the effects of oxycodone hydrochloride and dezocine on hemodynamics and inflammatory factors in patients receiving gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. A total of 246 patients were divided into group A and B (n=123). Hemorheology indices were recorded 5 min after anesthesia (T0), 1 min after pneumoperitoneum (T1), when position was changed 5 min after pneumoperitoneum (T2), 15 min after pneumoperitoneum (T3), 1 min (T4) and 5 min (T5) after position was restored. Visual analogue scale scores 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation were recorded. Postoperative adverse reactions and visceral pain were observed. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 12 h after operation. Compared with group A, group B had higher heart rate and mean arterial pressure at T2, lower central venous pressure and cardiac output at T1-T3, and higher systemic vascular resistance at T1-T5 (P<0.05). The incidence rate of pain syndrome in group A was lower (P<0.05). Group A had lower tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression levels and higher interleukin-10 level than those of group B (P<0.05). For gynecological laparoscopic surgery, oxycodone preemptive analgesia has superior outcomes to those of dezocine. n=123. n123 n n=123 . 123 (n=123) T0, T0 T , (T0) T1, T1 (T1) T2 (T2) T3, T3 (T3) T4 (T4 T5 (T5 restored 2 6 4 observed enzymelinked enzyme linked T1T3, T1T3 TT T1-T3 T1T5 T1-T P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 0 05 (P<0.05) factoralpha factor alpha interleukin6 interleukin interleukin- interleukin10 10 interleukin-1 n12 n=12 (n=123 (T0 (T1 (T2 (T3 (T T1T P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 interleukin1 n1 n=1 (n=12 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 n= (n=1 P<0 (P<0. (n= P< (P<0 (n (P< (P

RESUMEN La contaminación por neblina, caracterizada principalmente por la baja visibilidad, es uno de los principales problemas ambientales a los que se enfrenta China en la actualidad. El pronóstico exacto de la neblina es útil para la aplicación de medidas preventivas orientadas a controlar emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos y aliviar la contaminación por neblina. Sin embargo, no es fácil predecir con precisión los acontecimientos de baja visibilidad causados por neblina, lo cual requiere no sólo un pronóstico riguroso de los factores meteorológicos, sino también una actualización detallada y en tiempo real de los inventarios de emisiones de las fuentes. Con el fin de obtener una herramienta de predicción fiable, se estudian varios métodos populares de aprendizaje automático, como la máquina vectorial de apoyo (SVM, por su sigla en inglés), el k-vecino más próximo, el bosque aleatorio y varios métodos de aprendizaje profundo. A partir de los principales factores que influyen en la visibilidad, se analizan las relaciones entre velocidad y dirección del viento, temperatura, humedad y visibilidad. El método de aprendizaje automático se utiliza para entrenamiento y pronóstico. La precisión de estos métodos para pronosticar la visibilidad se verifica mediante varios parámetros (error de raíz cuadrada media, error absoluto medio y error porcentual absoluto medio). Los resultados muestran que: 1) entre todos los parámetros meteorológicos, la velocidad del viento puede reflejar mejor la variación de la visibilidad; 2) el rendimiento de las redes neuronales recurrentes de memoria a largo-corto plazo (LSTM RNN) y el método de unidades recurrentes cerradas (GRU) en la predicción de visibilidad a corto plazo (es decir, 1, 3 y 6 h) es casi igual; 3) el método clásico de aprendizaje automático (SVM) funciona bien para el pronóstico de visibilidad a medio y largo plazo, y 4) el método de aprendizaje automático también tiene cierto grado de precisión en el pronóstico, incluso en un periodo de tiempo más largo (p. ej., 72 h).

ABSTRACT Haze pollution, mainly characterized by low visibility, is one of the main environmental problems currently faced by China. Accurate haze forecasts facilitate the implementation of preventive measures to control the emission of air pollutants and thereby mitigate haze pollution. However, it is not easy to accurately predict low visibility events induced by haze, which requires not only accurate prediction for weather elements, but also refined and real-time updated source emission inventory. In order to obtain reliable forecasting tools, this paper studies the usability of several popular machine learning methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor, and random forest, as well as several deep learning methods, on visibility forecasting. Starting from the main factors related to visibility, the relationships between wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, and visibility are discussed. Training and forecasting were performed using the machine learning methods. The accuracy of these methods in visibility forecasting was confirmed through several parameters (i.e., root-mean-square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error). The results show that: (1) among all meteorological parameters, wind speed was the best at reflecting the visibility change patterns; (2) long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM RNN), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) methods perform almost equally well on short-term visibility forecasts (i.e., 1, 3, and 6 h); (3) a classical machine learning method (i.e., the SVM) performs well in mid- and long-term visibility forecasts; (4) machine learning methods also have a certain degree of forecast accuracy even for long time periods (e.g., 7 2h).

Abstract Introduction: type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a complex disease affected by lifestyle and genetic factors. Although the drugs currently used to treat T2DM have certain curative effects, they still have some adverse side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find new effective drugs with few side effects to cure T2DM. Objective: to study the role of Inonotus obliquus (IO) in diabetic model mice. Methods: we used high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) to establish a diabetic mouse model. Mice were divided into non-high-fat diet group (ND), diabetes model group (HFD + STZ) and IO-treated diabetes model group (IO). The mice in the IO group were orally treated with IO (150 mg/kg) at 10 ml/kg for five weeks. Body weight, glucose level, food intake and water consumption, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were evaluated in all mice. The pathological sections of liver, kidney and pancreas were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: after IO administration, the blood glucose level, water consumption, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerol (TG) levels of mice decreased. Compared with the HFD + STZ group, the number of normal islet iiiiiiii cells increased and focal necrosis of the liver was significantly reduced in the IO administration group. Conclusions: IO reduced the levels of blood glucose, restored body weight, and enhanced insulin sensitivity along with insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Additionally, IO also reversed HFD and STZ-induced organ injury.

Resumen Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) es una enfermedad compleja influenciada por el estilo de vida y los factores genéticos. En la actualidad, aunque los medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 tienen cierto efecto curativo, todavía tienen algunos efectos secundarios. Por lo tanto, es urgente encontrar nuevos medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 que tengan un buen efecto curativo y menos efectos secundarios. Objetivo: estudiar el papel del Inonotus obliquus (IO) en ratones diabéticos. Métodos: se estableció un modelo de ratón diabético con dieta de alto contenido en grasas (HFD) y estreptozocina (STZ). Los ratones se dividieron en el grupo de dieta no alta en grasas (ND), el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus (HFD + STZ) y el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus tratado con IO. Los ratones del grupo IO recibieron 10 ml/kg de IO (150 mg/kg) durante cinco semanas. Se observaron el peso corporal, el nivel de azúcar en sangre, la ingesta de alimentos, la ingesta de agua potable, la tolerancia a la glucosa y la tolerancia a la insulina de los ratones de cada grupo, y se estudiaron muestras de biopsias hepáticas, renales y pancreáticas mediante tinción de hematoxilina eosina. Resultados: los niveles de glucosa en sangre, el consumo de agua, la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL) y los triglicéridos (TG) disminuyeron después de la administración de IO. En comparación con el grupo HFD+STZ, el número de células β pancreáticas normales y la necrosis focal hepática disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo IO. Conclusiones: el IO redujo el nivel de glucosa en sangre, ayudó a recuperar el peso corporal y mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, la tolerancia a la insulina y la tolerancia a la glucosa en ratones diabéticos. Además, el IO revirtió el daño orgánico inducido por HFD y STZ.

RESUMO Antecedentes: A acupuntura é um tratamento para a dor neuropática, mas seu mecanismo permanece obscuro. Estudos anteriores mostraram que a analgesia foi induzida em ratos com dor neuropática quando o conteúdo de adenosina da medula espinhal aumentou após a eletroacupuntura (EA); no entanto, o mecanismo por trás desse aumento induzido por eletroacupuntura não foi esclarecido. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o papel que a ecto-5'-nucleotidase desempenha na analgesia induzida por EA para dor neuropática. Métodos: Realizamos eletroacupuntura no ponto de acupuntura de Zusanli no sétimo dia após estabelecer um modelo de rato de dor neuropática induzida por lesão de constrição crônica. Observamos o limiar de retirada mecânica e o limiar de dor térmica, e detectamos a expressão de ecto-5'-nucleotidase na medula espinhal usando Western blot. Modelos de ratos com lesão de constrição crônica foram injetados intraperitonealmente com α, β-metilenadenosina 5'-difosfato, um inibidor de ecto-5'-nucleotidase, 30 min antes da eletroacupuntura. O conteúdo de adenosina da medula espinhal foi detectado por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Por último, o agonista do receptor de adenosina A1 N6-ciclopentiladenosina foi injetado por via intratecal no edema lombar dos ratos, e a retirada mecânica e os limiares de dor térmica foram reavaliados. Resultados: Analgesia e aumento da expressão de ecto-5'-nucleotidase e conteúdo de adenosina na medula espinhal foram observados 1 h após a eletroacupuntura. α, β-metilenadenosina 5'-difosfato foi capaz de inibir a sobrerregulação do conteúdo de adenosina e analgesia induzida por eletroacupuntura. Após administração de N6-ciclopentiladenosina, a analgesia induzida por eletroacupuntura foi restaurada. Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que a eletroacupuntura em Zusanli pode produzir analgesia em modelos de ratos com lesão de constrição crônica, possivelmente por meio do aumento da expressão de ecto-5'-nucleotidase induzida por eletroacupuntura, levando ao aumento da expressão de adenosina na medula espinhal.

ABSTRACT Background: Acupuncture is a treatment for neuropathic pain, but its mechanism remains unclear. Previous studies showed that analgesia was induced in rats with neuropathic pain when their spinal cord adenosine content increased after electroacupuncture (EA); however, the mechanism behind this electroacupuncture-induced increase has not been clarified. Objective: This study aimed to determine the role that ecto-5’-nucleotidase plays in EA-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain. Methods: We performed electroacupuncture at the Zusanli acupoint on the seventh day after establishing a rat model of neuropathic pain induced through chronic constriction injuries. We observed the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal pain threshold and detected the expression of ecto-5’-nucleotidase in the spinal cord using Western blot. Chronic constriction injury rat models were intraperitoneally injected with α,β-methyleneadenosine 5'-diphosphate, an ecto-5’-nucleotidase inhibitor, 30 min before electroacupuncture. The adenosine content of the spinal cord was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography. Lastly, the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine was intrathecally injected into the lumbar swelling of the rats, and the mechanical withdrawal and thermal pain thresholds were reevaluated. Results: Analgesia and increased ecto-5’-nucleotidase expression and adenosine content in the spinal cord were observed 1 h after electroacupuncture. α,β-methyleneadenosine 5'-diphosphate was able to inhibit upregulation of adenosine content and electroacupuncture-induced analgesia. After administration of N6-cyclopentyladenosine, electroacupuncture-induced analgesia was restored. Conclusions: Our results suggest that electroacupuncture at Zusanli can produce analgesia in chronic constriction injury rat models, possibly via the increased ecto-5’-nucleotidase expression induced through electroacupuncture, thus leading to increased adenosine expression in the spinal cord.

RESUMO Objetivos Avaliar o potencial da aplicação da tecnologia de impressão 3D na medição da área de defeito ósseo acetabular em pacientes adultos diagnosticados com displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril (DDH). Métodos 23 casos de DDH que requereram cirurgia de substituição total do quadril foram incluídos neste estudo. O exame pré-operatório confirmou os filmes pélvicos padrão Crowe, incluindo 3 casos de Crowe I, 7 Crowe II, e 13 Crowe III. A tecnologia de impressão 3D foi utilizada para imprimir o modelo de quadril antes da operação. Com base no modelo pré-impresso, o planejamento pré-operatório e os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram estabelecidos. A área dos defeitos ósseos acetabulares foi medida, a prótese de tamanho selecionado foi registrada, e a cirurgia foi realizada (grupo A). A área do defeito ósseo acetabular real e o tamanho da prótese também foram registrados (grupo B). Resultados Os resultados comparativos indicaram que a área real do defeito acetabular medida intraoperativamente e a área medida usando a tecnologia de impressão 3D não diferiu significativamente para todos os participantes (todos P>0,05). Conclusão O modelo pré-operatório pode medir com precisão a área de defeito ósseo acetabular para DDH. É relevante desenvolver implantes individualizados para pacientes com DDH tratados com a técnica de impressão 3D. Nível de Evidência IV: Série de casos.

ABSTRACT Objectives Evaluate the application value of 3D printing technology in measuring acetabular bone defect area in adult patients diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods 23 cases of DDH requiring total hip replacement surgery were enrolled in this study. Preoperative examination confirmed the standard pelvic plain films Crowe, including 3 cases of Crowe I, 7 Crowe II, and 13 Crowe III. The 3D printing technology was used to print the hip model before the operation. Based on the pre-printed model, pre-operative planning and surgical procedures were established. The area of the acetabular bone defects was measured, the selected size prosthesis was recorded, and the surgery was performed (group A). The actual acetabular bone defect area and the prosthesis size were also recorded (group B). Results The comparative results indicated that the actual acetabular defect area measured intraoperatively and the area measured using the 3D printing technology did not significantly differ for all participants (all P>0.05). Conclusion Preoperative model can accurately measure the acetabular bone defect area for DDH. It is significant to develop individualized implants for DDH patients treated with the 3D printing technique. Level of Evidence IV: Case series.

Abstract Background: Relapse and metastasis of patients with Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the major obstacle to the long-term life of patients. Its mechanisms remain defined. Methods: A total of 48 CRC patients were enrolled and 68 samples were obtained from the peripheral blood of patients before or after treatments in this study. Twenty non-cancer patients were also detected as a negative control. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), including Epithelial CTCs (eCTCs), Mesenchymal (MCTCs), and epithelial/ mesenchymal mixed phenotypes (mixed CTCs), were identified by CanPatrolTM CTC enrichment and RNA in situ hybridization. The relationship between CTCs number and Progression-Free Survival (PFS) or Overall Survival (OS) was evaluated. Results: Thirty-four of 48 patients (70.8%) were found to have positive CTCs. Total CTCs and MCTCs in the post-treatment had a significant correlation PFS and OS. When total CTCs or MCTCs in 5 mL blood of patients were more than 6 CTCs or 5 MCTCs, PFS of the patients was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than that in patients with less than 6 CTCs or 5 MCTCs. The patients with > 5 CTCs count changes were found to exhibit poor PFS and OS rates (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Total CTCs and MCTCs number detection in patients with colorectal cancer was very useful biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients. Higher CTCs or MCTCs had poorer PFS and OS rates.

Abstract This work aimed to investigate the process parameters of phytosterol esters (PE) synthesis catalyzed by copper oxide-nano hydroxyapatite (CuO-NHAP) and the crystallization purification technology. CuO-NHAP was prepared. The synthesis of PE catalyzed by CuO-NHAP was performed. After Response Surface Methodology optimization, the optimal process parameters were as follows: reaction temperature, 180 oC; reaction time, 6.3 h; acid-alcohol molar ratio, 1.9; catalyst amount, 1.05%. Under these conditions, the esterification rate of phytosterols was 99.8%. The crystallization purification technology of esterification product was explored. The optimal crystallization conditions were as follows: crystallization solvent, octanoic acid; crystallization temperature, 0 oC; solvent-product molar ratio, 4: 1; crystallization time, 10 h. Under these conditions, the unreacted fatty acids and other impurities were affectively removed, and the PE purity in purification product was 98.2%. These synthesis and crystallization purification technologies of PE are relatively green, safe, efficient and economic, and have the potential to be applied to the industrial preparation of PE product.

Abstract Paeonia ostii is the representative of oil-utilized peony, its roots (PR) and leaves (PL) are discarded as by-products, resulting in a waste of resources. The exploration of extraction process of active ingredients from PR/PL is beneficial to the comprehensive utilization. In this work, the optimum process of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAEo) of total flavonoids content (TFC) from PR and PL was determined by single factor and response surface methodology. The results showed that UAEo was 80 min, 1:5 g/mL, 250 W, 33.83 mg Rutin/g dw for PR and 60 min, 1:10 g/mL, 250 W, 25.85 mg Rutin/g dw for PL. Then, Homogenization-Assisted Extraction (HAE), Homogenization-Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (HUAEo) and Ultrasound-Homogenization-Assisted Extraction (UHAEo) were further analyzed. The highest PR(PL)-TFC by HUAEo at homogenization 5 min was 49.58 ± 0.25 mg/g with an increase of 46.6% (33.02 ± 0.04 mg/g with an increase of 27.7%). The highest PR/PL-total phenolic content by the HUAEo reached 77.84 ± 0.52 mg/g dw and 146.62 ± 2.77 mg/g dw for homogenization 3 min. However, there was no significant difference between HUAEo and UHAEo. In conclusion, the TFC increased with the extension of HAE time, and the combined extraction was higher yield than the single extraction.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major public health problem with a huge economic burden worldwide. Ulinastatin (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor, has been reported to be anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and organ protection by reducing reactive oxygen species production, and inflammation. Necroptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism that plays a vital role in neuronal cell death after ICH. However, the neuroprotection of UTI in ICH has not been confirmed, and the potential mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotection and potential molecular mechanisms of UTI in ICH-induced EBI in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Methods: The neurological score, brain water content, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, and neuronal damage were evaluated. The anti-inflammation effectiveness of UTI in ICH patients also was evaluated. Results: UTI treatment markedly increased the neurological score, alleviate the brain edema, decreased the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, NF‑κB levels, and RIP1/RIP3, which indicated that UTI-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation, and necroptosis alleviated neuronal damage after ICH. UTI also can decrease the inflammatory cytokine of ICH patients. The neuroprotective capacity of UTI is partly dependent on the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: UTI improves neurological outcomes in mice and reduces neuronal death by protecting against neural neuroinflammation, and necroptosis.