ABSTRACT The effect of biofloc (BFT) and clear water (CW) at low (ls) and high-water salinity (hs) in wild juveniles of Penaeus setiferus were evaluated. Four treatments were implemented: hsBFT, lsBFT, hsCW, and lsCW. After 45 days, final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and survival rate (SR) were evaluated. Antioxidant activity in muscle and hepatopancreas were measured: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein oxidation (PO). The FW and SR was low for lsCW (P < 0.05), whereas the WG and HSI was high in hsBFT and lsBFT (P < 0.05). The integrative biomarker response index (IBR) showed differences between muscle (M) and hepatopancreas (HP). Results showed an increase of SOD and CAT measured from HP for lsBFT treatment. For M, CAT and GST were high only in BFT (regardless of the water salinity). LPO determined from M and HP recorded the high values at hs and ls, respectively. The PO determined in HP showed substantial damage in BFT (regardless of the salinity), whereas the same determination from M was only important for lsCW treatment. When the analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed, SOD, LPO, and PO were significant in response to salinity (P < 0.05). In contrast, for CAT, the higher activity was due to the rearing system and salinity interaction (P < 0.05). Results suggest that BFT could diminish the stress by stimulating the antioxidant system to maintain the redox balance through a higher enzyme activity and decrease damage in the proteins and lipids of the cells.

ABSTRACT Litopenaeus setiferus has been described as an economically important native species ranging from the north Atlantic along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to Florida. Its reproduction has been studied in captivity, as well as some aspects of its nutritional physiology, diseases and adaptation to various environments, including nurseries. In terms of growth, L. setiferus has been compared with L. vannamei for its performance in ponds. As a native species, L. setiferus benefits local fisheries and is also used as a bait shrimp for recreational activity. The present review covers background information and recent advances in research and development efforts to determine its potential both for aquaculture in ponds and intensive biofloc systems (BFT), as well as for the stocking of fishing grounds. The collective research advances for this species presented in this review could help to sustain various strategies, including highly intensive techniques, to rehabilitate L. setiferus in connection with potential institutes.

Um pacote tecnológico para o cultivo do camarão-rosa em estruturas alternativas de baixo custo, gaiolas e cercados, vem sendo aplicado em conjunto com pescadores artesanais do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, no extremo sul do Brasil. Embora a tecnologia para o cultivo intensivo de pós-larvas (PL) em laboratório já esteja bem documentada, informações referentes à sobrevivência e crescimento desses organismos na fase de berçário ainda são escassas para cercados e gaiolas no ambiente natural. Em virtude destes fatos, o objetivo do trabalho foi comparar o crescimento e a sobrevivência de pós-larvas de F. paulensis durante a fase de berçário em gaiolas e cercados no ambiente. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, foram utilizadas seis gaiolas (2,0 ´ 2,0 ´ 1,4 m) com malha de poliéster revestida de PVC com abertura de malha de 1,5 mm. Em cada unidade foram estocadas 800 PL26. Para verificar a influência do substrato, foram espalhados uniformemente 10 cm de sedimentos da própria enseada dentro de três gaiolas, simulando um cercado. A taxa de sobrevivência dos camarões obtida nas gaiolas foi de 92,2% e nos cercados de 88,7%, não sendo detectadas diferenças (P > 0,05). Porém, o peso médio final dos camarões nos cercados (1,05 ± 0,05 g), foi superior (P < 0,05) ao peso dos camarões nas gaiolas (0,88 ± 0,12 g). A espécie pode ser cultivada na fase de berçário em gaiolas ou cercados sem prejuízo à sobrevivência final. Entretanto, recomenda-se que a fase de berçário seja realizada preferencialmente em cercados.

Technology for the culture of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis in low-cost cages and pen enclosures was developed together with artisanal fishermen of the Patos Lagoon estuary, southern Brazil. Although the production of postlarvae (PL) under laboratory conditions is well documented, survival and growth during the nursery phase cages and pen enclosures in the nature has not yet been analyzed. Therefore, the present study compared survival and growth of F. paulensis postlarvae reared either in cages or pens. Six cages (2.0 ´ 2.0 ´ 1.4 m) of PVC-coated polyester with a mesh size of 1.5 mm were stocked with 800 PL26 each. To assess the effect of the substrate, a 10 cm layer of sand was added to three of these cages to simulate a pen enclosure. No difference in the mean survival rate between cages (92.2%) and pens (88.7%) was found (P > 0.05). However, final weight of shrimp reared in pens (1.05 ± 0.05 g) was higher than those kept in cages (0.88 ± 0.12 g). The nursery phase of F. paulensis in cages and pens did not affect survival. Nevertheless, because of the higher growth rate of shrimp grown in pen enclosures, this kind of structure should be preferentially used in nursery rearing of this species.

Nos cultivos de organismos aquáticos, a manutenção da qualidade da água é fundamental para o sucesso da atividade, tendo em vista que variações nos parâmetros físico-químicos implicam em alterações metabólicas. O consumo de alimento por parte dos camarões pode ser afetado por estas variações, o que interfere nas taxas de crescimento e conseqüentemente na biomassa final produzida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito da temperatura, salinidade, amônia, nitrito e nitrato sobre o consumo alimentar do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis. Desta forma, juvenis (0,2-0,4 g) foram aclimatados por 15 dias em água do mar com diferentes temperaturas, salinidades, concentrações de amônia, nitrito e nitrato. Após o período de aclimatação, 20 camarões de cada tratamento foram individualmente analisados para observar a relação entre a quantidade de alimento oferecido e a quantidade de alimento ingerido, em um período de 24 horas. O consumo médio apresentou alterações significativas (p<0,05) nos testes de temperatura e de nitrito, enquanto que nos tratamentos de amônia, nitrato e salinidade, não detectou-se alterações no consumo alimentar (p>0,05). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a temperatura e o nitrito afetam o consumo alimentar de F. paulensis. Por outro lado, para os intervalos testados nos tratamentos de salinidade, amônia e nitrato, a ingestão de alimento dos camarões não foi afetada. Cabe ressaltar que longos períodos de exposição, a estas condições, podem afetar as espécies cultivadas, reforçando a importância do manejo na manutenção da qualidade de água.

Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of temperature, salinity, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate on food consumption of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis. Juveniles (0.2 - 0.4 g) were acclimated for 15 days in seawater with different temperatures, salinities and concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. After the acclimation period, 20 shrimps per treatment were individualized in order to have their ration intake analyzed through the amount of ration offered and left over within a 24-hour period. Mean food consumption presented significant alterations (P<0.05) for the tested temperatures and nitrite concentrations, whereas for the salinity, ammonia and nitrate treatments, shrimp presented no alteration on food intake (P>0.05). According to the results obtained, temperature and nitrite affected F. paulensis food consumption. On the other hand, variables as salinity, ammonia and nitrate did not affect shrimp appetite. However, the possibility of this to happen over long periods, prejudicing the species culture in captivity, reinforced the necessity of regular water quality management.