RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um novo sistema subgengival de liberação sustentada para administração local de cloridrato bioativo de minociclina para tratamento da doença periodontal em cães. O sistema incorporou o cloridrato de minociclina-cálcio-dextrano sulfato de sódio em um hidrogel Pluronic F127 termorresponsivo. O cloridrato de minociclina foi liberado do sistema por até 10 dias e a cinética de liberação se ajustou ao modelo da lei de potência. O meio de liberação apresentou uma diferença estatística significativa na atividade antimicrobiana para Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema foi um promissor sistema subgengival de liberação sustentada de cloridrato de minociclina para o tratamento da doença periodontal em cães.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop a novel subgingival sustained-release system for local delivery of bioactive minocycline hydrochloride for periodontal disease treatment in dogs. The system incorporated the Minocycline hydrochloride-Calcium-Dextran sulfate sodium into a thermoresponsive Pluronic F127 hydrogel. Minocycline hydrochloride was sustained release from the system for up to 10 days and the release kinetics fit the power law model. The release medium had a significant statistical difference in antimicrobial activity to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The results showed the system was a promising subgingival sustained-release minocycline hydrochloride delivery system for periodontal disease treatment in dogs.

Abstract INTRODUCTION Anopheles stephensi is the main malaria vector in Southeast Asia. Recently, plant-sourced larvicides are attracting great interests. METHODS: The essential oil was extracted from the leaf of Cinnamomum camphora (L.), and a bioassay was conducted to determine the larvicidal efficacy. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by GC-MS analysis. RESULTS: The oil showed strong, dose-dependent larvicidal activities. The onset of larvicidal efficiency was rapid. The LC50 and LC95 were determined as 0.146% and 1.057% at 1 h, 0.031% and 0.237% at 12 h, 0.026% and 0.128% at 24 h, respectively. The oil contains 32 compounds. CONCLUSIONS The essential oil of C. camphora leaf has an excellent larvicidal potential for the control of A. stephensi.

Abstract Background: Chronic prostatitis has been supposed to be associated with preneoplastic lesions and cancer development. The objective of this study was to examine how chronic inflammation results in a prostatic microenvironment and gene mutation in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Immune and bacterial prostatitis mouse models were created through abdominal subcutaneous injection of rat prostate extract protein immunization (EAP group) or transurethral instillation of uropathogenic E. coli 1677 (E. coli group). Prostate histology, serum cytokine level, and genome-wide exome (GWE) sequences were examined 1, 3, and 6 months after immunization or injection. Result: In the EAP and E. coli groups, immune cell infiltrations were observed in the first and last months of the entire experiment. After 3 months, obvious proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) were observed accompanied with fibrosis hyperplasia in stroma. The decrease in basal cells (Cytokeratin (CK) 5+/p63+) and the accumulation of luminal epithelial cells (CK8+) in the PIA or PIN area indicated that the basal cells were damaged or transformed into different luminal cells. Hic1, Zfp148, and Mfge8 gene mutations were detected in chronic prostatitis somatic cells. Conclusion: Chronic prostatitis induced by prostate extract protein immunization or E. coli infection caused a reactive prostatic inflammation microenvironment and resulted in tissue damage, aberrant atrophy, hyperplasia, and somatic genome mutation.

Eight bufadienolides were successfully isolated and purified from ChanSu by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) combined with preparative HPLC (prep-HPLC). First, a stepwise elution mode of HSCCC with the solvent system composed of petroleum ether - ethyl acetate - methanol - water (4:6:4:6, 4:6:5:5, v/v) was employed and four bufadienolides, two partially purified fractions were obtained from 200 mg of crude extract. The partially purified fractions III and VI were then further separated by prep-HPLC, respectively, and another four bufadienolides were recovered. Their structures were confirmed by ESI-MS and ¹H-NMR spectra.

Abstract: This paper examines the impact on total factor productivity (TFP) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and in other developing countries of trade-related technology diffusion from the North (denoted by NRD), education, and governance. The NRD of developing countries is defined as a weighted sum of R&D stocks in the North, with weights related to openness with the North's trading partners. Industry-specific NRD is based on the North's industry-specific R&D stocks, North-South trade patterns, and input-output relations in the South. The main findings are that: i) the impact of education and governance on TFP is significantly larger in LAC than in other developing countries, while the opposite holds for NRD; ii) education, governance and NRD have additional effects on TFP in LAC's R&D-intensive industries through their interaction with the other two variables; and iii) since NRD increases with openness to the North and with the North's R&D stocks, both variables raise the South's TFP directly as well as through interaction with education and governance. These interaction effects imply that increasing the level of any of the three policy variables -education, governance or openness- results in virtuous growth cycles. These are smallest for an increase in one of these variables, stronger for an increase in two of them, and strongest for an increase in all three variables.

Resumen: El presente artículo analiza el efecto de la difusión de la tecnología del Norte (NRD) relacionada con el comercio, la educación y la gobernabilidad en la productividad total de los factores (PTF) en la América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) y otros países en desarrollo. La NRD de los países en desarrollo se define como la suma ponderada de los acervos de ID del Norte, con ponderaciones relacionadas con la apertura para con los socios comerciales del Norte. La NRD especificada por industria se basa en los acervos de ID específicos por industria del Norte, las pautas de comercio entre el Norte y el Sur, y las relaciones entre los insumos y la producción del Sur. Los principales hallazgos son los siguientes: i) el efecto de la educación y la gobernabilidad en la NRD es significativamente mayor en ALC que en otros países en desarrollo, mientras que sucede lo contrario en el caso de la NRD; ii) la educación, la gobernabilidad y la NRD tienen efectos adicionales en la PTF en las industrias de ALC que se caracterizan por una intensa inversión en ID, de la interacción con las otras dos variables, y iii) dado que la NRD aumenta con la apertura hacia el Norte y con los acervos de ID del Norte, ambas variables aumentan la PTF del Sur tanto de manera directa como por medio de la interacción con la educación y la gobernabilidad. Estos efectos de interacción sugieren que un aumento cualquiera de las tres variables de políticas -educación, gobernabilidad y apertura- produce ciclos virtuosos de crecimiento. Dichos ciclos resultan ser menores cuando se trata de un aumento en sólo una de estas variables, más intensos si se presenta un aumento en dos de ellas y todavía más intensos cuando el aumento ocurre en las tres.

Previous research has shown that trade and FDI are beneficial to countries' economic development. This paper builds on the literature, and analyzes the effects on total factor productivity (TFP) through three channels of openness-imports, inward FDI and international call traffic (ICT) for a set of developing countries in Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Using data from the period of 1980 to 2000, I find that imports, FDI and international call traffic all significantly promote TFP growth in developing countries, and that human capital enhances the effects of imports on TFP.

Supercritical fluid extraction was used to extract active compounds from the Chinese traditional medicinal D. dasycarpus under the pressure of 30 MPa and temperature of 45 ºC. Further separation and purification was established by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:0.8:1.3:0.9, volume ratio). The separation yielded a total of 47 mg of dictamnine, 24 mg of obacunone and 83 mg of fraxinellone from 1.0 g of the crude extract in one step separation with the purity of 99.2, 98.4 and 99.0%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by ESI-MS, IR, ¹H-NMR and 13C-NMR.

Abstract: This paper examines the impact of trade with Japan, North America and the EU on technology diffusion and TFP growth in Jordan, Korea and Mexico. The measures of foreign R&D are constructed on the basis of industry-specific R&D in the North, North-South trade patterns, and input-output relations in the South. We show that technology diffusion and productivity gains tend to be regional: Jordan (Korea) (Mexico) benefits mainly from trade with the EU (Japan) (North America). In other words, the dynamic version of the “natural trading partners” hypothesis seems to hold for these countries.

Resumen: En este artículo se estudia el efecto del comercio internacional con Japón, la América del Norte y la Unión Europea en la difusión de la tecnología y el crecimiento en la productividad total de los factores (PTF) en Jordania, Corea y México. Las medidas de investigación y desarrollo (ID) se construyen en la base de la ID nivel de industria en el Norte, de las pautas de comercio entre el Norte y el Sur, y de las relaciones de insumo-producto en el Sur. Mostramos que la difusión de la tecnología y el crecimiento de la productividad tienden a ser regionales. Jordania (Corea) (México) se beneficia principalmente del comercio con la Unión Europea (Japón) (América del Norte). Esto es, la versión dinámica de la hipótesis de los “vecinos comerciales naturales” parece válida para este grupo de países.