Abstract Objective: To investigate the relative effectiveness of various Non-Invasive Treatment Techniques (NITs) in chronic tinnitus management. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from the time of data construction to December 31, 2022. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, NITs were evaluated, including Aacceptance and commitment therapy (A), Cognitive behavioral therapy (C), Sound therapy (S), Transcranial magnetic stimulation (T), Electrical stimulation therapy (E), Virtual reality therapy (V), tinnitus Retraining therapy (R), general psychotherapy (D), and Placebo (P). The outcome indicators included the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety-Depression (HADS-D), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Visual Analogue Scales-Loudness (VAS-L), and Visual Analogue Scales-Distress (VAS-D). Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 for NMA. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 22 randomized controlled trials comprising 2,354 patients. The treatment effects varied on each scale. For THI, S (86.9%) was the most effective, whereas P (6.5%) was the worst. For TQ, C (89.5%) was the most effective, whereas D (25.4%) was the worst. For HADS-D, A (82.4%) was the most effective, whereas D (9.47%) was the worst. For ISI, A (83.2%) was the most effective, whereas R (20.6%) was the worst. For VAS-L, S (73.5%) was the most effective, whereas E (18.9%) was the worst. For VAS-D, C (84.7%) was the most effective, whereas P (18.1%) was the worst. Conclusions: The combination of acoustics and cognitive behavioral therapy may be an effectively treat patients with chronic tinnitus. Level of evidence: How common is the problem? Level 2. Is this diagnostic or monitoring test accurate? (Diagnosis) Level 1. What will happen if we do not add a therapy? (Prognosis) Level 1. Does this intervention help? (Treatment Benefits) Level 1. What are the COMMON harms? (Treatment Harms) Level 1. What are the RARE harms? (Treatment Harms) Level 1. Is this (early detection) test worthwhile? (Screening) Level 1I. Objective NonInvasive Non Invasive (NITs management Methods PubMed 31 2022 MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses guidelines evaluated A, , (A) C, (C) S, (S) T, T (T) E, (E) V, V (V) R, (R) D, (D) P. . (P) THI (THI) TQ (TQ) ScaleanxietyDepression Scale anxiety HADSD, HADSD HADS (HADS-D) ISI (ISI) ScalesLoudness Scales Loudness VASL, VASL VAS L (VAS-L) ScalesDistress Distress VASD. VASD (VAS-D) 140 14 0 14. NMA Results metaanalysis meta 2 2354 354 2,35 scale 86.9% 869 86 9 (86.9% effective 6.5% 65 6 5 (6.5% worst 89.5% 895 89 (89.5% 25.4% 254 25 4 (25.4% HADS-D 82.4% 824 82 (82.4% 9.47% 947 47 (9.47% 83.2% 832 83 (83.2% 20.6% 206 20 (20.6% L, VAS-L 73.5% 735 73 (73.5% 18.9% 189 18 (18.9% VASD, VAS-D 84.7% 847 84 7 (84.7% 18.1% 181 1 (18.1% Conclusions evidence problem accurate Diagnosis (Diagnosis Prognosis (Prognosis help Benefits harms Harms early detection worthwhile Screening (Screening 1I I 3 202 (A (C (S (T (E (V (R (D (P (THI (TQ (HADS-D (ISI (VAS-L (VAS-D 235 35 2,3 86.9 8 (86.9 6.5 (6.5 89.5 (89.5 25.4 (25.4 82.4 (82.4 9.47 94 (9.47 83.2 (83.2 20.6 (20.6 73.5 (73.5 18.9 (18.9 84.7 (84.7 18.1 (18.1 23 2, 86. (86. 6. (6. 89. (89. 25. (25. 82. (82. 9.4 (9.4 83. (83. 20. (20. 73. (73. 18. (18. 84. (84. (86 (6 (89 (25 (82 9. (9. (83 (20 (73 (18 (84 (8 ( (2 (9 (7 (1

Abstract Objective To investigate the indoor environmental risk factors to provide measures for the prevention and control of otitis in preschool children. Method In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was administered to preschool children aged 2-7 years from 60 kindergartens in six districts of Urumqi City in August 2019. Multiple regression was run to predict influence factors for otitis media in preschool children. Result A total of 8153 valid questionnaires were collected. After adjusting for age, the prevalence of otitis among preschool children in Urumqi was 13.1%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that previous antibiotic treatment, treatment with one to two antibiotics before 1 year of age, presence of walls with aqueous or latex paint, use of carpet floor bedding in rooms, newly decorated homes of mothers before pregnancy, purchase of new furniture for homes of children at 0-1 year of age, and presence of flowering plants in the residence of children at 0-1 years of age were all identified as risk factors for the development of otitis in children. Conclusion Parents should also pay attention to indoor living environments, and reduce indoor renovation in the homes of children during their growth and development, which can positively improve children's indoor living environment, thus effectively preventing otitis in preschool children. crosssectional cross sectional study 27 2 7 2- 6 2019 815 collected 131 13 13.1% paint rooms pregnancy 01 0 0- environments childrens s environment 201 81 13.1 20 8 13.

Abstract Objective Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease associated with impaired quality of life and heredity. This study aimed to investigate the association of allergic rhinitis in preschool children with exposure to indoor environment-related factors early in life. Methods In August 2019, the authors implemented a study among 2020 preschool children in Urumqi City using a case-control design. The study included parental reports for the occurrence of AR in children, parental history of respiratory disease, and indoor environmental correlates of maternal exposure from 1 year prior to pregnancy until the child's age of 0-1 year. Results Mode of birth (cesarean section) (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02∼1.67), father with AR (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 2.08∼3.44), mother with AR (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 2.88∼4.74), mother with asthma (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.18∼8.20), and mother with newly purchased furniture in the parents' residence during pregnancy (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03∼2.14) were risk factors for AR in children. Conclusions The focus of allergic rhinitis should be on children with a family history of AR and asthma and cesarean delivery. Primary prevention efforts for AR in preschool children are avoiding exposure of children to indoor environmental hazardous factors early in life. (AR heredity environmentrelated environment related 2019 202 casecontrol case control design childs child s 01 0 0- section OR 131 31 1.31 95 1.02∼1.67, 102167 1.02∼1.67 , 02 67 1.02∼1.67) 267 2 2.67 2.08∼3.44, 208344 2.08∼3.44 08 3 44 2.08∼3.44) 370 70 3.70 2.88∼4.74, 288474 2.88∼4.74 88 4 74 2.88∼4.74) 311 11 3.11 1.18∼8.20, 118820 1.18∼8.20 18 8 20 1.18∼8.20) parents 149 49 1.49 1.03∼2.14 103214 03 14 delivery 201 13 1.3 9 10216 1.02∼1.6 6 26 2.6 20834 2.08∼3.4 37 7 3.7 28847 2.88∼4.7 3.1 11882 1.18∼8.2 1.4 1.03∼2.1 10321 1. 1021 1.02∼1. 2. 2083 2.08∼3. 3. 2884 2.88∼4. 1188 1.18∼8. 1.03∼2. 1032 102 1.02∼1 208 2.08∼3 288 2.88∼4 118 1.18∼8 1.03∼2 103 10 1.02∼ 2.08∼ 28 2.88∼ 1.18∼ 1.03∼ 1.02 2.08 2.88 1.18 1.03 1.0 2.0 2.8 1.1

Abstract Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is characterized by a rich infiltration of macrophages in the intestines, which is derived from monocytes in the blood. The authors aimed to explore the changing trend of absolute monocyte counts (AMC) over time in NEC infants and to verify whether the reduction of AMC correlates with the severity of NEC and whether it can be used to identify infants who need surgery. Method: The authors collected the clinical data of 66 control and 222 NEC infants. The NEC infants were divided into medical NEC (M-NEC) and surgical NEC (S-NEC). The counting of mono-cyte and their percentage change were compared at the time of birth, before NEC (baseline), the onset of NEC and after NEC (recovery). In addition, the same comparison was made among stages 1, 2 and 3 of Bell’s staging, respectively. Results: The authors found that the AMC in NEC infants decreased sharply at the onset. Further comparison was made between 172 cases of M-NEC and 50 cases of S-NEC. It was discovered that the AMC reduced more in S-NEC infants at onset, but it increased more at recovery. In addition, the authors found that among stage 1,2 and 3, stage 3 had the lowest AMC and the largest percentage decrease at the onset. Conclusion: The AMC decreases sharply in NEC infants at onset, and the degree of decline is associated with the severity of NEC. AMC is expected to be a marker of NEC and provide a reference for clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of NEC. Objective (NEC intestines blood (AMC surgery Method 6 22 MNEC M (M-NEC SNEC. SNEC S . (S-NEC) mono cyte birth baseline, baseline , (baseline) recovery (recovery) addition 1 Bells Bell s staging respectively Results 17 5 12 Conclusion (S-NEC (baseline (recovery

Abstract Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a functional food that is commercially available worldwide. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which are usually hydrolyzed into triterpene sapogenins in organisms to play a pharmacological role. Gypensapogenin D is a triterpene sapogenins with the highest content in the hydrolysate of gypenoside. In addition, it was found that Gypensapogenin D had a certain inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. In view of the poor solubility of Gypensapogenin D, which affects its bioavailability, Gypensapogenin D was prepared as a liposomal formulation in this paper, which provides valuable data for the later in-depth study and drug development and utilization of this compound. worldwide role gypenoside addition αglucosidase. αglucosidase α glucosidase. glucosidase α-glucosidase bioavailability paper indepth depth compound

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um novo sistema subgengival de liberação sustentada para administração local de cloridrato bioativo de minociclina para tratamento da doença periodontal em cães. O sistema incorporou o cloridrato de minociclina-cálcio-dextrano sulfato de sódio em um hidrogel Pluronic F127 termorresponsivo. O cloridrato de minociclina foi liberado do sistema por até 10 dias e a cinética de liberação se ajustou ao modelo da lei de potência. O meio de liberação apresentou uma diferença estatística significativa na atividade antimicrobiana para Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema foi um promissor sistema subgengival de liberação sustentada de cloridrato de minociclina para o tratamento da doença periodontal em cães.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop a novel subgingival sustained-release system for local delivery of bioactive minocycline hydrochloride for periodontal disease treatment in dogs. The system incorporated the Minocycline hydrochloride-Calcium-Dextran sulfate sodium into a thermoresponsive Pluronic F127 hydrogel. Minocycline hydrochloride was sustained release from the system for up to 10 days and the release kinetics fit the power law model. The release medium had a significant statistical difference in antimicrobial activity to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The results showed the system was a promising subgingival sustained-release minocycline hydrochloride delivery system for periodontal disease treatment in dogs.

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study is to investigate the protective effect of kaempferol against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: H9C2 cells were pretreated with kaempferol for 24 hours and further insulted with IR injury. Cell vitality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, glutathione (GSH) level, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, and sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) expressions were evaluated. Moreover, short interfering ribonucleic acid targeting SIRT3 was used to investigate the role of SIRT3 against IR mediated by kaempferol in vitro. IR mice models were also established to confirm the protective effects of kaempferol on IR in vivo. Results: After IR injury, H9C2 cells vitality was reduced, ROS levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and Bax expressions were increased, and GSH levels and Bcl2 expressions were decreased. After kaempferol pretreatment, the vitality of H9C2 cells was increased. The levels of ROS, NADPH oxidase activity, and Bax expression were decreased. In addition, levels of GSH and Bcl2 expression were enhanced. Furthermore, silencing SIRT3 attenuated the protective effect mediated by kaempferol, with increased ROS levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and Bax expression, along with reduced GSH level and Bcl2 expression. In vivo IR model showed that kaempferol could preserve IR-damaged cardiac function. Conclusion: Kaempferol has the capability of attenuating H9C2 cells IR injury through activating SIRT3 to inhibit oxidative stress.

Abstract Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide growth factor with various biological activities. Recent studies have shown that this growth factor and they receptors are expressed in human Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and sperm cells after birth, and are involved in the endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis. However, there is no report on the expression of TGF-β in human embryonic testis. TGF-β1 is a peptide growth factor widely distributed in germ cells at various levels in the testis, regulating the function of the testes and maintaining the stability of the testis environment by acting on various cells. This review summarizes the research progress of TGF-β1 in human testis.

Abstract Due to chronic alcohol consumption, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become the second most common liver disease in the world. The study was to explore the effects of consuming different amounts of various alcoholic beverages on the liver of mice. Results showed wine contained far more polyphenols and organic acids than beer and Chinese Baijiu. When daily alcohol consumption was low (less than 100 mL/60 kg/day), the liver and serum indicators of mice treated with alcohol, beer, Chinese Baijiu, and wine were not significantly different from those in saline group. At 250 mL/60 kg/day, beer used significantly damaged the liver and caused adverse changes in serum components, while wine did not cause changes in serum, indicating that it may cause less damage due to the existence of a large number of polyphenols. When the daily consumption exceeded 500 mL/60 kg/day, all four alcoholic beverages significantly increased serum markers of hepatic injury and decreased serum total antioxidant capacity and liver antioxidant enzyme levels, resulting in liver fat accumulation and serious pathological damage. At this level, beer used caused the most damage and wine the least. This study explores the appropriate drinking amount of different alcoholic beverages and provides a scientific reference for alcohol consumption.

Abstract Lagopsis supina (Steph) IK. Gal. was a traditional Chinese medicinal plant for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis (PBCRBS), anti-inflammatory and diuresis with little scientific validation. The aims of this study were first to evaluate the PBCRBS and anti-inflammatory effects of L. supina in a rat model of traumatic blood stasis (TBS). We demonstrated that an ethanolic extract of L. supina (LS, 460 mg/kg/d) possessed significant PBCRBS and remarkable inhibitory effect on inflammation cytokines, which were associated with renovated amount of the injured muscle fibers, alleviate the degree of the damaged tissue edema, decreased the number of inflammatory cells, increased the number of the capillary hyperplasia by hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as remarkably down-regulated ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) the levels of inflammation cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 by ELISA. This finding provide a pharmacological basis and partial interpretation for the clinical application of L. supina, which has therapeutic properties for blood stasis syndrome (BSS) and inflammation-related diseases.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O estresse psicológico é um importante problema de saúde mental entre estudantes universitários. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o estresse psicológico e seus fatores de risco associados entre os estudantes na província de Anhui. MÉTODOS Um estudo transversal foi realizado entre uma amostra de 1.304 indivíduos. Nesse estudo, foi preenchido um questionário autoaplicável que consiste na demografia geral e no Questionário Geral de Saúde (GHQ-12). O problema psicológico foi avaliado utilizando o questionário GHQ de 12 itens. Uma divisão dicotômica de categoria foi imposta ao GHQ-12 para efeito de análise. Uma pontuação de quatro ou mais no GHQ-12 mostrava que um indivíduo tem problemas psicológicos. Os dados foram analisados pelo software SPSS 20.0. RESULTADOS Um total de 1.304 amostras foi analisado neste estudo. Os resultados indicaram que o nível de educação do pai e da mãe estava associado com estudantes em estresse psicológico (P<0,001). Foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre o exercício de alta intensidade e o exercício de baixa intensidade com o estresse psicológico. No entanto, não foi identificada qualquer diferença significativa entre o gênero e o estresse psicológico (P=0,173). CONCLUSÃO O nível de educação dos pais, exercícios de alta intensidade e exercícios de baixa intensidade foram associados com estresse psicológico. Nossos resultados sugerem que é indispensável aumentar a sensibilização para as perturbações psicológicas e para os fatores de risco associados aos estudantes universitários. São necessários mais estudos para desenvolver intervenções adequadas para grupos de alto risco.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Psychological distress is an important mental health problem among university students. The goal of this study was to determine psychological distress and its associated risk factors among students in the Anhui province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 1304 students. In this study, a self-administered questionnaire consisting of the general demography and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was completed. Psychological distress was assessed using the GHQ-12-item questionnaire. A dichotomous category split was imposed on the GHQ-12 for the purpose of analysis. A GHQ-12 score of 4 or higher indicated psychological distress. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 system. RESULTS A total of 1304 samples were analyzed in this study. The results indicated that the education level of the father and mother was associated with the students’ psychological distress (P<0.001). A significant association was found between high-intensity exercise and low-intensity exercise and psychological distress. However, no significant difference was identified between gender and psychological distress (P=0.173). CONCLUSION The education level of parents, high-intensity exercise, and low-intensity exercise were associated with psychological distress. Our results suggest that it is indispensable to raise awareness of psychological disorders and its associated risk factors among university students. Further studies are required to develop appropriate interventions for high-risk groups.

Rab7, an important member of the Rab family, is closely related to autophagy, endocytosis, apoptosis, and tumor suppression but few studies have described its association with renal fibrosis. In the early stage, our group studied the effects of Rab7 on production and degradation of extracellular matrix in hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells. Because cell culture in vitro is different from the environment in vivo, it is urgent to understand the effects in vivo. In our current study, we established a renal fibrosis model in Rab7-knock-in mice (prepared by CRISPR/Cas9 technology) and wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Seven and 14 days after UUO, the expression of the Rab7 protein in WT mice, as well as the autophagic activity, renal function, and the degree of renal fibrosis in WT and Rab7-knock-in mice were examined by blood biochemical assay, hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. We found that the Rab7 expression in WT mice increased over time. Furthermore, the autophagic activity constantly increased in both groups, although it was higher in the Rab7-knock-in mice than in the WT mice at the same time point. Seven days after UUO, the degree of renal fibrosis was milder in the Rab7-knock-in mice than in the WT mice, but it became more severe 14 days after surgery. Similar results were found for renal function. Therefore, Rab7 suppressed renal fibrosis in mice initially, but eventually it aggravated fibrosis with the activation of autophagy.

ABSTRACT Candida is one of the most frequent pathogens of bloodstream infections, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Rapid immunological detection methods are essential in the early diagnosis of candidemia. Anti-mannan is one of host-derived biomarkers against cell wall components of Candida. We conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of two anti-mannan assays (IgM, IgG) for candidemia through the analysis of 40 candidemia patients, 48 participants with Candida colonization and 213 participants with neither Candida colonization nor Candida infections (13 patients with other bloodstream infections, 145 hospitalized patients and 55 healthy controls). The performance of the two assays were evaluated by calculating their sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity ranged from 0.78 to 0.80 for the IgM assay and 0.68 to 0.75 for the IgG assay. The specificity ranged from 0.97 to 0.98 for the IgM assay and 0.91 to 0.94 for the IgG assay. The diagnostic performance of the anti-mannan IgM assay was better than that of IgG, with higher sensitivity and specificity. Combining the two assays (positive results of single or both assays are both considered as positive) could improve the sensitivity up to 0.93 (0.79-0.98) and only slightly reduce the specificity (0.93(0.89-0.95)). The anti-mannan IgM, IgG assays are rapid and cost-effective assays that may be probably useful in the diagnosis of candidemia.