Abstract Objectives To determine whether tinnitus negatively impacts the accuracy of sound source localization in participants with normal hearing. Methods Seventy-five participants with tinnitus and 74 without tinnitus were enrolled in this study. The accuracy of sound source discrimination on the horizontal plane was compared between the two participant groups. The test equipment consisted of 37 loudspeakers arranged in a 180° arc facing forward with 5° intervals between them. The stimuli were pure tones of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz at 50 dB SPL. The stimuli were divided into three groups: low frequency (LF: 0.25, 0.5, and 1 kHz), 2 kHz, and high frequency (HF: 4 and 8 kHz) stimuli. Results The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) score of all the stimuli in the tinnitus group was significantly higher than that in the control group (13.45 ± 3.34 vs. 11.44 ± 2.56, p = 4.115, t < 0.001). The RMSE scores at LF, 2 kHz, and HF were significantly higher in the tinnitus group than those in the control group (LF: 11.66 ± 3.62 vs. 10.04 ± 3.13, t = 2.918, p = 0.004; 2 kHz: 16.63 ± 5.45 vs. 14.43 ± 4.52, t = 2.690, p = 0.008; HF: 13.42 ± 4.74 vs. 11.14 ± 3.68, t = 3.292, p = 0.001). Thus, the accuracy of sound source discrimination in participants with tinnitus was significantly worse than that in those without tinnitus, despite the stimuli frequency. There was no difference in the ability to localize the sound of the matched frequency and other frequencies (12.86 ± 6.29 vs. 13.87 ± 3.14, t = 1.204, p = 0.236). Additionally, there was no correlation observed between the loudness of tinnitus and RMSE scores (r = 0.096, p = 0.434), and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and RMSE scores (r = −0.056, p = 0.648). Conclusions Our present data suggest that tinnitus negatively impacted sound source localization accuracy, even when participants had normal hearing. The matched pitch and loudness and the impact of tinnitus on patients’ daily lives were not related to the sound source localization ability. Level of evidence 4. hearing Seventyfive Seventy five 7 study groups 3 180 5 them 025 0 25 0.25 05 0.5 SPL LF (LF , (HF (RMSE 13.45 1345 13 45 (13.4 334 34 3.3 vs 1144 11 44 11.4 256 56 2.56 4115 115 4.115 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) 1166 66 11.6 362 62 3.6 1004 10 04 10.0 313 3.13 2918 918 2.918 0.004 0004 004 1663 16 63 16.6 545 5.4 1443 14 43 14.4 452 52 4.52 2690 690 2.690 0.008 0008 008 1342 42 13.4 474 4.7 1114 11.1 368 68 3.68 3292 292 3.292 Thus 12.86 1286 12 86 (12.8 629 6 29 6.2 1387 87 13.8 314 3.14 1204 204 1.204 0.236. 0236 0.236 236 0.236) Additionally r 0096 096 0.096 0.434, 0434 0.434 434 0.434) THI (THI 0056 056 −0.056 0.648. 0648 0.648 648 0.648) patients 18 02 0.2 0. 134 (13. 33 3. 114 11. 2.5 411 4.11 000 0.00 00 116 36 100 10. 31 3.1 291 91 2.91 166 16. 54 5. 144 14. 4.5 269 69 2.69 13. 47 111 329 3.29 12.8 128 (12. 6. 138 120 20 1.20 023 0.23 23 009 09 0.09 043 0.43 005 −0.05 064 0.64 64 (13 2. 41 4.1 0.0 9 2.9 26 2.6 32 3.2 12. (12 1.2 0.4 −0.0 06 0.6 (1 1. −0. ( −0 −

Abstract Background The impact of a literature report on a particular subject can be measured by its number of citations. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the literature reports in the field of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) by analyzing the top 100 most cited articles. It should be noted that the focus of this study is to describe the bibliometric characteristics. Methods This bibliometric analysis dedicated only to endovascular treatment of IAs in our study. We searched the top 100 most cited articles in the field of endovascular treatment of IAs using the search tool of the Web of Science (WOS). We evaluated the characteristics of these high-impact publications, including publication year, category, journal, author's country, etc. Results The top 100 most cited articles were cited 281.3 times, on average. The United States has published the most articles every year compared with other countries. These highly cited articles are mostly published in the Journal of Neurosurgery. Eighty-six of the top 100 most cited articles were clinical studies. Conclusion The bibliometric analysis provides insight over the development and the growing trend in endovascular treatment of IAs. This study can help researchers better understand the global overview of this field, and it also provides leads about promising areas of future research and potential collaborations. citations (IAs 10 WOS. WOS . (WOS) highimpact high publications category journal authors author s country etc 2813 281 3 281. times average countries Neurosurgery Eightysix Eighty six studies collaborations 1 (WOS 28 2

Resumo Antecedentes O impacto de um relato de literatura sobre um determinado assunto pode ser medido pelo seu número de citações. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características dos relatos da literatura na área de tratamento endovascular de aneurismas intracranianos (AIs), analisando os 100 artigos mais citados. Ressalta-se que o foco deste estudo é descrever as características bibliométricas. Métodos Esta análise bibliométrica foi dedicada apenas ao tratamento endovascular dos AIs em nosso estudo. Pesquisamos os 100 artigos mais citados na área de tratamento endovascular de AIs usando a ferramenta de busca daWeb of Science (WOS). Avaliamos as características dessas publicações de alto impacto, incluindo ano de publicação, categoria, periódico, país do autor etc. Resultados Os 100 artigos mais citados foram citados 281,3 vezes, em média. Os Estados Unidos publicaram o maior número de artigos todos os anos em comparação com outros países. Esses artigos altamente citados são publicados principalmente noJournal of Neurosurgery. Oitenta e seis dos 100 artigos mais citados eram estudos clínicos. Conclusão A análise bibliométrica fornece informações sobre o desenvolvimento e a tendência crescente no tratamento endovascular das AI. Este estudo pode ajudar os pesquisadores a entender melhor a visão global desse campo e também fornece pistas sobre áreas promissoras de pesquisas futuras e potenciais colaborações. citações AIs, , (AIs) 10 Ressaltase Ressalta se bibliométricas WOS. WOS . (WOS) publicação categoria periódico etc 2813 281 3 281, vezes média países Neurosurgery clínicos AI colaborações (AIs 1 (WOS 28 2

RESUMO Antecedentes O tabagismo tem sido considerado fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, depressão e outras doenças em relatos anteriores, e o tabagismo ativo é considerado fator de risco para acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico. Além disso, um estudo retrospectivo mostrou que os fumantes do sexo masculino apresentavam risco aumentado de sangramento por malformação arteriovenosa (MAV), em comparação com os não fumantes. No entanto, o efeito do tabagismo passivo na ruptura da MAV cerebral em mulheres não fumantes não foi abordado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da exposição ao tabaco no risco de sangramento de MAV em mulheres não fumantes. Métodos Foram incluídas 393 mulheres não fumantes diagnosticadas com MAV. Elas foram divididas em um grupo com sangramento (205 mulheres) e um grupo sem sangramento (188 mulheres). Realizamos análise univariada e multivariada nesses dois grupos. Na análise univariada, foram analisados os fatores de risco que podem estar relacionados ao sangramento de MAV. Na análise multivariada, a relação entre tabagismo passivo e ruptura de MAV foi analisada por meio da correção de fatores de confusão. Resultados A análise multivariada mostrou que a proporção de tabagismo passivo foi estatisticamente diferente entre o grupo com sangramento e o grupo sem sangramento (OR = 1,609; IC = 1,031-2,509; p = 0,036). Conclusão O tabagismo passivo pode aumentar o risco de sangramento de MAV em mulheres não fumantes. Esse risco aumentado pode estar relacionado à resposta inflamatória, danos na parede vascular, distúrbios hemodinâmicos, alterações na aterosclerose e alterações na expressão gênica causadas pelo tabagismo passivo.

ABSTRACT Background Smoking has been considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression and other diseases in previous reports, and active smoking is considered to be a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, a retrospective study showed that male smokers were at increased risk of bleeding from arteriovenous malformation (AVM), compared with non-smokers. However, the effect of passive smoking on rupturing of cerebral AVM in non-smoking women has not been addressed. Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of tobacco exposure on AVM bleeding risk in non-smoking women. Methods A total of 393 non-smoking women diagnosed with AVM were included. They were divided into a bleeding group (205 women) and a non-bleeding group (188 women). We conducted univariate and multivariate analysis on these two groups. In univariate analysis, risk factors that might be related to AVM bleeding were analyzed. In multivariate analysis, the relationship between passive smoking and AVM rupture was analyzed by correcting confounding factors. Results Multivariate analysis showed that the proportion of passive smoking was statistically different between the bleeding group and the non-bleeding group (OR = 1.609; CI = 1.031-2.509; p = 0.036). Conclusion Passive smoking may increase the risk of AVM bleeding in non-smoking women. This increased risk may be related to the inflammatory response, vascular wall damage, hemodynamic disorders, changes in atherosclerosis and changes in gene expression caused by passive smoking.

Abstract Background: Relapse and metastasis of patients with Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the major obstacle to the long-term life of patients. Its mechanisms remain defined. Methods: A total of 48 CRC patients were enrolled and 68 samples were obtained from the peripheral blood of patients before or after treatments in this study. Twenty non-cancer patients were also detected as a negative control. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), including Epithelial CTCs (eCTCs), Mesenchymal (MCTCs), and epithelial/ mesenchymal mixed phenotypes (mixed CTCs), were identified by CanPatrolTM CTC enrichment and RNA in situ hybridization. The relationship between CTCs number and Progression-Free Survival (PFS) or Overall Survival (OS) was evaluated. Results: Thirty-four of 48 patients (70.8%) were found to have positive CTCs. Total CTCs and MCTCs in the post-treatment had a significant correlation PFS and OS. When total CTCs or MCTCs in 5 mL blood of patients were more than 6 CTCs or 5 MCTCs, PFS of the patients was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than that in patients with less than 6 CTCs or 5 MCTCs. The patients with > 5 CTCs count changes were found to exhibit poor PFS and OS rates (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Total CTCs and MCTCs number detection in patients with colorectal cancer was very useful biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients. Higher CTCs or MCTCs had poorer PFS and OS rates.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex, multisystem disease, affecting large populations worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex polygenic disease that causes hyperglycemia and accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes mellitus cases. We conducted a randomized, controlled single-blind study to observe how dietary care with restriction of carbohydrate absorption affects glucose and lipid metabolism in elderly patients with T2DM. Participants in the control group (Group C) received usual care and in the experimental group (Group E) white common bean extract (WCBE) was given before meals. The trial was divided into two periods: intensive and maintenance intervention periods. Glucose and lipid metabolic parameters of both groups were monitored over the study period. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Group E was lower than in Group C at the end of the 2- and 4-month, and significantly decline from baseline. The area under curve of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose after 2- and 4-month intervention than baseline in Group E and were all significantly lower than in Group C after the intervention. Both High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) also improved in group E (P < 0.05). In the clinical management of elderly patients with T2DM, this individualized model of care without restricting carbohydrate intake can effectively improve patients' glucose metabolism. The effect of this care model is similar to that of a low-carbohydrate diet care model. Therefore, this regimen could be a novel antidiabetic approach for patients with T2DM who are unwilling to restrict their carbohydrate intake.

ABSTRACT Cereal cyst nematode is a major pest of small grain cereals, which causes huge yield losses to crops in China and other parts of the world. In this study, the effects of five inorganic ion concentrations on egg hatching of Heterodera avenae were studied. Results revealed that ZnCl2 and FeCl3 promoted hatching of induced and natural diapausing eggs. The cumulative hatching rates of eggs were 49 % and 13 % at 30 mM ZnCl2 and 10 mM FeCl3, respectively, which were higher than those of other treatments. The hatching ability promoted by ZnCl2 is greater than by FeCl3. Diapause induced eggs in ZnCl2 continued to hatch after 10 days; however, those in FeCl3 mainly hatched in the first two weeks. ZnCl2 had obvious stimulating effects on the hatching of natural diapause and non–diapause free eggs at 15 and 30 mM concentrations. FeCl3 promoted the hatching of natural diapause eggs; howevr, it inhibited hatching of non–diapause free eggs. Conversely, different concentrations of inorganic ions did not have any stimulatory effect on white female eggs. In the nematode life cycle, hatching is the critical stage because juveniles may be infected. The results of this study provide useful information the use of new fertilizers (including promoted hatching inorganic ions) applied before planting for controlling nematode diseases caused by H. avenae.

Abstract Vitamin D (VD) was reported to play protective roles in skeletal muscle. This study aimed to explore whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibition is associated with the protective effects of VD/VD receptor (VDR) signaling on skeletal muscle functions. C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) and then incubated with different concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 (VD3), and we found that VD3 improved the impaired cell viability induced by PA and increased VDR expression in a dose-dependent manner. Then 100 nM VD3 treatment and VDR overexpression both ameliorated PA-induced ER stress, apoptosis, inflammation and glucose uptake inhibition in C2C12 myocytes. Furthermore, VDR knockdown reversed the protective effects of VD3 on C2C12 cell functions. Additionally, PA-treated C2C12 cells were treated with VD3 alone or together with AMPK signaling inhibitor Compound C. VD3 promoted phosphorylation of AMPK and SIRT1 expression, while Compound C reversed these effects and abolished the protective effects of VD3 in C2C12 cells. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were treated with VD3, and VD3 alleviated skeletal muscle loss and insulin resistance in mice. In conclusion, VD inhibited AMPK/SIRT1-mediated ER stress by increasing VDR expression, and further ameliorated skeletal muscle loss and insulin resistance in mice.

Abstract A summarized physicochemical profile of nine multifloral honeys produced by Apis cerana cerana Fabricius in Qiongzhong region located in Hainan province was exhibited, regarding pH (3.72-4.02), moisture (19.20-22.53%), fructose (34.40-38.70 g 100 g-1), glucose (31.60-35.05 g 100 g-1), sucrose (less than 3%), color (31.00-80.00 mm Pfund), ash content (0.17-0.45 g 100 g-1), soluble solid (75.87-79.10 ◦Brix), and electrical conductivity (343.67-678.33 μS cm-1). Potassium showed the highest concentration, followed by calcium. Manganese, boron, iron, aluminium, and zinc were the main micro-elements while cadmium and hydrargyrum were not detected in all honey samples. The antiradical activity was shown to be significantly negative correlated with total phenolic content (TPC) (r2 = −0.756) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (r2 = −0.477). Among all tested honey samples, sample A exhibited the highest levels of TPC (45.46 mg GAE 100 g-1), TFC (10.02 mg RE 100 g-1), and antiradical activity (DPPH IC50 = 2.63 mg mL-1). Our results will be useful in determining to set the standard for A. cerana cerana honey.

Abstract Nowadays brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) have aroused great interest of consumers, due to the higher nutrition compared with polished rice. In this study, the nutritional and bioactive compositions of BR and GBR samples prepared by 6 early indica rice cultivars and 12 middle indica rice cultivars from three producing areas were investigated. The free amino acid (215.75 mg/100 g), γ-aminobutyric acid (18.04 mg/100 g) and ferulic acid (195.9 μg/ g) content in early indica rice cultivars after germinated were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of other cultivars. In addition, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis models were able to identify BR and GBR, quercetin and p-coumaric acid were the most differential metabolites of all tested rice samples after germinated. The results provided the potential of early indica rice on functional food processing.

Abstract Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait that derives from the inability to produce functional pollen in higher plants. CMS results from recombination of the mitochondrial genome. However, understanding of the molecular mechanism of CMS in pepper is limited. In this study, comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed using a near-isogenic CMS line 14A (CMS-14A) and a maintainer line 14B (ML-14B) as experimental materials. A total of 17,349 differentially expressed genes were detected between CMS-14A and ML-14B at the PMC meiosis stage. Among them, six unigenes associated with CMS and 108 unigenes involved in energy metabolism were identified. The gene orf165 was found in CMS-14A. When orf165 was introduced into ML-14B, almost 30% of transgenic plants were CMS. In addition, orf165 expression in transgenic CMS plants resulted in abnormal function of some genes involved in energy metabolism. When orf165 in transgenic CMS plant was silenced, the resulted orf165-silenced plant was male fertile and the expression patterns of some genes associated with energy metabolism were similar to ML-14B. Thus, we confirmed that orf165 influenced CMS in pepper.

Docetaxel-loaded acetic acid conjugated Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide (DTX-AA-CSP) nanoparticles were prepared through dialysis and their release rates in vitro, particle sizes, zeta potentials, drug loading capacities, and encapsulation efficiencies were characterized for the synthesis of AA-modified CSPs from traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. Then, the AA-modified CSPs were characterized by 1H-NMR and FT-IR. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the delivery carrier (AA-CSP nanoparticles) was assessed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vitro antitumor activity studies on DTX-AA-CSP nanoparticles were conducted on the human liver (HepG2) and colon cancer cells (SW480). The DTX-AA-CSP nanoparticles were spherical and had an average size of 98.91±0.29 nm and zeta potential within the −19.75±1.13 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 80.95%±0.43% and 8.09%±0.04%, respectively. In vitro, DTX from the DTX-AA-CSP nanoparticles exhibited a sustained release, and the anticancer activities of DTX-AA-CSP nanoparticles against SW480 and HepG2 were significantly higher than those of marketed docetaxel injection (Taxotere®) in nearly all the tested concentrations. The AA-CSP nanoparticles showed good biocompatibility. This study provided a promising biocompatible delivery system for carrying antitumor drugs for cancer therapy.

A novel method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) in animal feed samples based on magnetic solid-phase cleanup and novel pre-column derivatization has been developed. In this work, synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were applied as adsorbents for rapid cleanup for extracts of animal feed samples. The purified extract was then derivatized with trifluoroacetic acid coupling ultraviolet irradiation which enabled the weakly fluorescent AFB1 and AFG1 transformed into their highly fluorescent hemiacetals derivatives. Afterward aflatoxins were separated and quantified by reverse phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The results indicated that four AFs presented excellent linear response with correlation coefficients > 0.996 and recoveries ranged from 86.7 to 108.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 3.6 to 6.4%. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.0392, 0.2429, 0.0842, 0.4556 ng mL-1 for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, respectively.

Abstract This study aimed to develop a simple and rapid method to detect KRAS gene mutations for conventional clinical applications under laboratory conditions. The genotype of mutation sites was determined based on the occurrence of target bands in the corresponding lanes of the reaction tubes through polymerization-conjunction of the probes, probe purification and amplification, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Circulating DNA samples were obtained from the plasma of 72 patients with lung cancer, which were identified based on six mutation sites (G12S, G12R, G12C, G12D, G12A, and G12V) of codon 12 of the KRAS gene. The detection results were compared with direct sequencing data. The proposed detection method is characterized by simple operation, high specificity, and high sensitivity (2%). This method can detect the mutations of three samples at G12S, G12R, and G12A. In the direct sequencing spectra of these samples, the genotype could not be determined due to the lack of evident sequencing peaks that correspond to the basic group of mutations. In conclusion, a simple and rapid method was established based on probe polymerization-conjunction-agarose gel electrophoresis for detecting KRAS gene mutations. This method can be applied to the conventional mutation detection of inhomogeneous samples.

Abstract Objective To explore the precise mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) to delay cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease. Methods N -Acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu) and myoinositol (mI) metabolism were measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, learning and memory of APP/PS1 mouse was evaluated by the Morris water maze test and the step-down avoidance test, neuron survival number and neuronal structure in the hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining, and BDNF and phosphorylated TrkB detected by Western blot. Results EA at DU20 acupuncture significantly improve learning and memory in behavioral tests, up-regulate NAA, Glu and mI metabolism, increase the surviving neurons in hippocampus, and promote the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Conclusion These findings suggested that EA is a potential therapeutic for ameliorate cognitive dysfunction, and it might be due to EA could improve NAA and Glu metabolism by upregulation of BDNF in APP/PS1 mice.