ABSTRACT Drought is a significant abiotic constraint in Salvia miltiorrhiza production, particularly during seedling cultivation. Therefore, researching drought resistance is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on the agronomic and physiological characteristics of S. miltiorrhiza at the seedling stage, evaluate drought resistance of various germplasms, and identify drought resistance markers. To simulate drought stress, five different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were applied to four S. miltiorrhiza germplasms at the seedling stage. Agronomic traits, root morphology, and physiological and biochemical indicators were measured. The data were then analyzed using the membership function method, correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. The results revealed that as the PEG concentration increased, the aboveground agronomic traits and underground root morphology of the four S. miltiorrhiza germplasms showed a decline. The activities of catalase and peroxidase initially increased and then decreased, while the contents of soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein, and proline increased compared to the control. Based on the membership function values of 16 morphological and physiological indicators, the drought resistance order of the four S. miltiorrhiza germplasms was as follows: Yudanshen VD > Yudanshen VA > Yudanshen VB > Yudanshen VC. Additionally, an optimal regression equation (D = 0.887X1 - 0.003X2 + 0.142X3) was developed through stepwise regression analysis, indicating that X1, X2, and X3 represent the maximum root length, root surface area, and SS content, respectively. Consequently, this study presents a comprehensive and reliable method for evaluating drought resistance in S. miltiorrhiza germplasm resources.

Abstract Objective To explore the relationship between Growth Hormone Insulin-like Growth Factors (GH-IGFs) and growth retardation in children with bronchial asthma. Methods 112 children with bronchial asthma and 50 healthy children were studied. Serum GH, IGF-1, and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) were assessed by ELISA. GH-IGFs-related parameters were compared, and the correlation between the parameters and bronchial asthma severity was analyzed. The bronchial asthma group was divided into the growth retardation group and non-growth retardation group to analyze the diagnostic value of GH-IGFs in growth retardation and the relationship between GH-IGFs and growth retardation. Results GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the bronchial asthma group were lower. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 levels were decreased with the severity of bronchial asthma. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the growth retardation group were lower than those in the non-growth retardation group. The AUC of GH-IGFs combined detection was higher than that of GH and IGFBP3 alone detection. GH < 9.27 μg/L and IGF-1 < 179.53 mmoL/L were risk factors for growth retardation in patients with bronchial asthma. Conclusion GH-IGFs-related parameters have diagnostic value for growth retardation in children, and decreased levels of GH and IGF-1 are risk factors for growth retardation in children. Insulinlike Insulin like GHIGFs IGFs (GH-IGFs 11 5 studied IGF1, IGF1 IGF 1, 1 IGFBP (IGFBP3 ELISA GHIGFsrelated related compared analyzed nongrowth non 927 9 27 9.2 μgL μg L IGF- 17953 179 53 179.5 mmoLL mmoL (IGFBP 92 2 9. 1795 17 179.

Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by death of dopaminergic neurons leading to dopamine deficiency, excessive α-synuclein facilitating Lewy body formation, etc. Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a proteinaceous neurotoxin discovered from the eggs of spider L. tredecimguttatus, was previously found to promote the synthesis and release of PC12 cells, showing a great potential as a drug candidate for PD. However, the relevant mechanisms have not been understood completely. The present study explored the mechanism underlying the effects of LETX-VI on dopamine and α-synuclein of PC12 cells and the implications for PD. Results After PC12 cells were treated with LETX-VI, the level of dopamine was significantly increased in a dose-dependent way within a certain range of concentrations. Further mechanism analysis showed that LETX-VI upregulated the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and L-dopa decarboxylase to enhance the biosynthesis of dopamine, and downregulated that of monoamine oxidase B to reduce the degradation of dopamine. At the same time, LETX-VI promoted the transport and release of dopamine through modulating the abundance and/or posttranslational modification of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT). While the level of dopamine was increased by LETX-VI treatment, α-synuclein content was reduced by the spider toxin. α-Synuclein overexpression significantly decreased the dopamine level and LETX-VI efficiently alleviated the inhibitory action of excessive α-synuclein on dopamine. In the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD, application of LETX-VI ameliorated parkinsonian behaviors of the mice, and reduced the magnitude of MPTP-induced α-synuclein upregulation and TH downregulation. In addition, LETX-VI displayed neuroprotective effects by inhibiting MPTP-induced decrease in the numbers of TH-positive and Nissl-stained neurons in mouse brain tissues. Conclusions All the results demonstrate that LETX-VI promotes the synthesis and release of dopamine in PC12 cells via multiple mechanisms including preventing abnormal α-synuclein accumulation, showing implications in the prevention and treatment of PD.

SUMMARY: Gastrin plays a vital role in the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Its expression is up-regulated in GC tissues and several GC cell lines. Yet, the underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. Here, we aim to investigate the role and mechanism of gastrin in GC proliferation. Gastrin-overexpressing GC cell model was constructed using SGC7901 cells. Then the differentially expressed proteins were identified by iTRAQ analysis. Next, we use flow cytometry and immunofluorescence to study the effect of gastrin on the mitochondrial potential and mitochondria-derived ROS production. Finally, we studied the underlying mechanism of gastrin regulating mitochondrial function using Co-IP, mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence. Overexpression of gastrin promoted GC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. A total of 173 proteins were expressed differently between the controls and gastrin- overexpression cells and most of these proteins were involved in tumorigenesis and cell proliferation. Among them, Cox17, Cox5B and ATP5J that were all localized to the mitochondrial respiratory chain were down-regulated in gastrin-overexpression cells. Furthermore, gastrin overexpression led to mitochondrial potential decrease and mitochondria-derived ROS increase. Additionally, gastrin-induced ROS generation resulted in the inhibition of cell apoptosis via activating NF-kB, inhibiting Bax expression and promoting Bcl-2 expression. Finally, we found gastrin interacted with mitochondrial membrane protein Annexin A2 using Co-IP and mass spectrometry. Overexpr ession of gastrin inhibits GC cell apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction through interacting with mitochondrial protein Annexin A2, then up-regulating ROS production to activate NF-kB and further leading to Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decrease.

RESUMEN: La gastrina juega un papel vital en el desarrollo y progresión del cáncer gástrico (CG). Su expresión está regulada al alza en tejidos de CG y en varias líneas celulares de CG. Sin embargo, el mecanismo subyacente aun no se ha investigado. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el papel y el mecanismo de la gastrina en la proliferación de CG. El modelo de células CG que sobre expresan gastrina se construyó usando células SGC7901. Luego, las proteínas expresadas diferencialmente se identificaron mediante análisis iTRAQ. A continuación, utilizamos la citometría de flujo y la inmunofluorescencia para estudiar el efecto de la gastrina en el potencial mitocondrial y la producción de ROS derivada de las mitocondrias. Finalmente, estudiamos el mecanismo subyacente de la gastrina que regula la función mitocondrial utilizando Co-IP, espectrometría de masas e inmunofluorescencia. La sobreexpresión de gastrina promovió la proliferación de células CG in vitro e in vivo. Un total de 173 proteínas se expresaron de manera diferente entre los controles y las células con sobreexpresión de gastrina y la mayoría de estas proteínas estaban implicadas en la tumorigenesis y la proliferación celular. Entre estas, Cox17, Cox5B y ATP5J, todas localizadas en la cadena respiratoria mitocondrial, estaban reguladas a la baja en las células con sobreexpresión de gastrina. Además, la sobreexpresión de gastrina provocó una disminución del potencial mitocondrial y un aumento de las ROS derivadas de las mitocondrias. Por otra parte, la generación de ROS inducida por gastrina resultó en la inhibición de la apoptosis celular mediante la activación de NF-kB, inhibiendo la expresión de Bax y promoviendo la expresión de Bcl-2. Finalmente, encontramos que la gastrina interactuaba con la proteína de membrana mitocondrial Anexina A2 usando Co-IP y espectrometría de masas. La sobreexpresión de gastrina inhibe la apoptosis de las células CG al inducir la disfunción mitocondrial a través de la interacción con la proteína mitocondrial Anexina A2, luego regula el aumento de la producción de ROS para activar NF-kB y conduce aún más a la disminución de la relación Bax/Bcl-2.

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício anaeróbico é um fator crítico no treinamento de natação. Os treinadores que monitoram a capacidade anaeróbica de um atleta podem utilizar essa ferramenta para melhorar o desempenho competitivo. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito do teste de função anaeróbica sobre o treinamento dos nadadores. Métodos: Examinou-se a capacidade de exercício anaeróbico dos nadadores, a relação entre a composição do corpo humano e a capacidade de trabalho anaeróbico. Para isso, foram selecionados 14 nadadores por amostragem aleatória. Foram mensurados o limiar anaeróbico individual, testosterona sérica e cortisol sérico dos atletas em diferentes períodos. Resultados: Os limiares anaeróbicos individuais foram significativamente menores em atletas do sexo masculino e feminino após o treinamento. A diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (P<0,05). O conteúdo de testosterona/cortisol plasmático das nadadoras após seis semanas de treinamento anaeróbico de resistência foi significativamente menor do que a média de pré-treinamento (P<0,05). Após seis semanas de treinamento de resistência anaeróbica, o conteúdo de testosterona/cortisol plasmático dos nadadores masculinos era menor do que o do grupo padrão (P<0,05). Conclusão: Os corpos dos nadadores foram impactados após o treinamento de resistência anaeróbica. Ressalta-se a importância da atenção pelo treinador em considerar as diferenças entre os atletas masculinos e femininos quando realizar um treinamento do limiar anaeróbico dedicado. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento .

ABSTRACT Introduction: Anaerobic exercise is a critical factor in swimming training. Coaches who monitor an athlete’s anaerobic capacity can use this tool to improve competitive performance. Objective: Analyze the effect of the anaerobic function test on swimmers’ training. Methods: We examined the anaerobic exercise capacity of swimmers the relationship between human body composition and anaerobic work capacity. For this purpose, 14 swimmers were selected by random sampling. Individual anaerobic threshold, serum testosterone and serum cortisol of the athletes at different periods were measured. Results: Individual anaerobic thresholds were significantly lower in male and female athletes after training. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The plasma testosterone/cortisol content of female swimmers after six weeks of anaerobic endurance training was significantly lower than the pre-training mean (P<0.05). After six weeks of anaerobic endurance training, the plasma testosterone/cortisol content of the male swimmers was lower than that of the standard group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The swimmers’ bodies were impacted after anaerobic endurance training. The importance of attention by the coach to consider the differences between male and female athletes when conducting dedicated anaerobic threshold training is emphasized. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies-investigating treatment outcomes .

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio anaeróbico es un factor crítico en el entrenamiento de la natación. Los entrenadores que controlan la capacidad anaeróbica de un atleta pueden utilizar esta herramienta para mejorar el rendimiento competitivo. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de la prueba de función anaeróbica en el entrenamiento de los nadadores. Métodos: Examinamos la capacidad de ejercicio anaeróbico de los nadadores, la relación entre la composición corporal humana y la capacidad de trabajo anaeróbico. Para ello, se seleccionaron 14 nadadores por muestreo aleatorio. Se midieron el umbral anaeróbico individual, la testosterona sérica y el cortisol sérico de los atletas en diferentes períodos. Resultados: Resultados: Los umbrales anaeróbicos individuales fueron significativamente más bajos en los atletas masculinos y femeninos después del entrenamiento. La diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (P<0,05). El contenido de testosterona/cortisol en plasma de las nadadoras después de seis semanas de entrenamiento de resistencia anaeróbica fue significativamente inferior a la media previa al entrenamiento (P<0,05). Después de seis semanas de entrenamiento de resistencia anaeróbica, el contenido de testosterona/cortisol en plasma de los nadadores masculinos fue inferior al del grupo estándar (P<0,05). Conclusión: Los cuerpos de los nadadores sufrieron un impacto después del entrenamiento de resistencia anaeróbica. Se destaca la importancia de que el entrenador tenga en cuenta las diferencias entre los atletas masculinos y femeninos a la hora de realizar un entrenamiento dedicado al umbral anaeróbico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento .

Abstract Jiangshui is a traditional fermented food in Northwest China with high nutritional value and special pharmacological effects. To study the microbial community structure and differences in the main metabolic pathways and metabolites in naturally fermented Jiangshui, the microbial diversity and nontargeted metabolomics analyses were performed on 18 samples of Jiangshui from three different production areas, namely, Tianshui, Gansu, Guyuan, Ningxia, and Ankang, Shaanxi. First, the microbial diversity was analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Lactobacillus was the dominant bacterial genus in the three regions, and the relative abundance of the samples in each region ranged from 72.69% to 99.95%. The dominant fungal genus was Dipodascus, with a relative abundance > 40%. Second, untargeted metabolomics was used to analyze the differences among metabolites in Jiangshui samples. Significant differences were found in 761 different metabolites detected in Jiangshui from the three different regions. Based on ESI+, 78 significantly different metabolites were screened using variable importance projection (VIP) value > 1, fold change (FC) < 1, and P-value < 0.05. Finally, based on joint analysis, the microbiome and metabolite groups of Jiangshui samples from the three different regions were evenly and closely clustered, and the microorganisms and metabolites were highly correlated. The results provide theoretical basis and reference for Jiangshui in other regions. effects 1 areas namely Tianshui Gansu Guyuan Ningxia Ankang Shaanxi First S highthroughput throughput sequencing 7269 72 69 72.69 9995 99 95 99.95% Dipodascus 40 40% Second 76 ESI ESI+ 7 VIP (VIP FC (FC Pvalue P 005 0 05 0.05 Finally analysis clustered correlated 726 6 72.6 999 9 99.95 4 00 0.0 72. 99.9 0. 99.

Abstract Phenols from wheat bran play an important role in improving the physiological function of human body because of their potential antioxidant capacity. However, most of the phenols in wheat bran exist in the form of insoluble binding, which limits their application in the field of food and medicine. In this paper, the modification of wheat bran by Penicillium solid-state fermentation (SSF) was studied. It was found that the content of free phenolic acids in wheat bran was significantly correlated with the activity of key hydrolytic enzymes in the fermentation process. On the fifth day of Penicillium fermentation, the content of free phenolic acids was the highest, which was 750.98 μg/g, which was 1.78 times higher than that of the control. The release of free phenolic acids was highest when wheat bran was treated with compound enzyme at 300 U/mL. Furthermore, the structure of wheat bran was significantly changed by fermentation with enzyme addition. On the 5th day of fermentation, the content of free phenolic acids was as high as 1500 μg/g, which was twice as much as that of fermented bran and 3.56 times that of unfermented bran.

Abstract Objectives: To investigate the clinical value of using Head-Shaking Test (HST) + Head-Shaking Tilt Suppression Test (HSTST) to distinguish between peripheral and central vertigo as well as to analyze the consistency of findings between tests at the bedside vs. in the examination room. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who presented for central or peripheral vertigo from July 2019 to July 2021. The results were compared between HST and HST+HSTST. The concordance between bedside and examination room outcomes was analyzed. Results: Forty-seven (58.8%) patients in the peripheral vertigo group and 33 (41.2%) patients in the central vertigo group were included. In the peripheral group, 44 (both examination room and bedside: 93.6%) patients had horizontal Head-Shaking Nystagmus (hHSN), most of which were suppressed in HSTST. However, in the central group, most cases had perverted HSN (pHSN; examination room: 72.7%; bedside: 66.7%), which was seldomly suppressed in HSTST. The HST+HSTST showed a >20% higher specificity in identifying peripheral vertigo than HST alone. The bedside results were consistent with the examination room results using the kappa test (p< 0.001). Conclusions: Suppressed hHSN was a strong indicator of peripheral vertigo. Conversely, pHSN was more often seen in central vertigo, which was not readily suppressed in HSTST. The bedside results of HST+ HSTST yielded qualitative agreement with the tests in the examination room. HST+ HSTST could be used as reliable methods in the clinic to distinguish between peripheral and central vestibular disorders. Level of evidence: Level 3. Objectives HeadShaking Head Shaking (HST (HSTST vs Methods 201 2021 HSTHSTST Results Fortyseven Forty seven 58.8% 588 58 8 (58.8% 3 41.2% 412 41 2 (41.2% included 4 both 93.6% 936 93 6 hHSN, , (hHSN) However (pHSN 72.7% 727 72 7 66.7%, 667 66.7% 66 66.7%) 20 >20 alone p< p (p 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 0.001) Conclusions Conversely disorders evidence 202 58.8 5 (58.8 41.2 (41.2 93.6 9 (hHSN 72.7 66.7 >2 000 0.00 00 58. (58. 41. (41. 93. 72. 66. > 0.0 (58 (41 0. (5 (4 (

Abstract In this paper, frozen steamed bread was used as the object to study the effect of frozen storage on the protein characteristics in a steamed bread system by measuring the changes in water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsifying capacity, soluble protein content, surface hydrophobicity, secondary structure and molecular weights of gluten proteins in frozen steamed bread. The results showed that with an extension of frozen storage time, the disulfide bond (S‒S) and total content of sulfydryl (-SH) decreased as a whole, and the molecular weights of steamed bread proteins were mainly distributed between 22 and 31 kDa, which were composed of a mixture of gliadin and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. With a decrease in frozen storage temperature, the soluble protein contents and protein water holding capacities of steamed bread first increased and then decreased, and the trend of the surface hydrophobicity was opposite. The frozen storage temperature had a significant effect on the protein properties of the steamed bread system. The changes in protein emulsification, oil holding capacity and soluble protein content were stable at -24 °C, which was suitable for long-term frozen storage.

Although metastasis is the major cause of death in cervical cancer, the mechanism of metastasis is still unclear. The mRNA expression and protein level of latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 (LTBP1) were detected in tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues from in-house samples. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and in vivo metastasis were determined after LTBP1 was knocked down. Then, 13 drugs were screened, and the changes in cell apoptosis and proliferation and tumor metastasis were detected after drug treatment in shRNA cells. In our in-house samples, LTBP1 was lowly expressed in cervical cancer tissues. After LTBP1 knockdown, cell proliferation was increased, and the ability of in vitro migration and in vivo metastasis was enhanced. At the same time, the proportion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in situ increased, the proportion of T cells decreased, and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) signaling was activated. After carboplatin treatment, LTBP1 shRNA cell line apoptosis increased, metastasis in vivo was limited, and the proportion of MDSC in situ decreased. LTBP1 was lowly expressed in cervical cancer, and the inhibition of LTBP1 can improve the malignant degree of the tumor, and this process can be blocked by carboplatin. unclear LTBP (LTBP1 inhouse house samples cycle down Then screened knockdown increased enhanced time (MDSC decreased beta1 beta- TGFβ1 TGFβ (TGFβ1 activated limited (LTBP (TGFβ

Abstract Phosphorylated peptide from Antarctic krill (P-AKP) was prepared by the dry-heating method with sodium pyrophosphate in order to improve its antioxidant activity and osteogenic activity. P-AKP exhibited more competitive DPPH• and OH• scavenging activities compared to the native Antarctic krill peptide (AKP). In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage of MC3T3-E1 cells, both AKP and P-AKP pretreatment could dose-dependently improve superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities through attenuating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Moreover, AKP and P-AKP prevented oxidative stress-induced down regulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization. Particularly, the promoting effects of P-AKP on the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, differentiation and mineralization was higher than that of AKP. These results suggested that phosphorylation might be a promising approach to improve the antioxidant and osteogenic activity of AKP, and P-AKP could be a beneficial agent for attenuating oxidative stress-related bone loss.

Abstract The functional properties of wheat gluten protein isolated from nonfermented dough stored at -6 °C, -12 °C, -18 °C, -24 °C and -30 °C for 10 d, 20 d and 30 d were investigated. The solubility and water holding capacity of gluten protein decreased with decreasing frozen storage temperatures and increasing frozen storage time. The foamability of gluten protein was not affected by different frozen storage temperatures. However, the foamability of gluten protein decreased with extension of the frozen storage time. The storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") of gluten decreased with decreasing frozen storage temperatures. Meanwhile, the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") of gluten increased with extension of the frozen storage time. When the frozen storage temperature of gluten was -12°C, the frozen water content was lower than that in gluten with other frozen storage temperatures. The water migration of gluten protein under different frozen storage temperatures and times was measured by low-field NMR. The microstructure of gluten protein was also observed under a scanning electron microscope. It was found that more serious damage to the gluten structure occurred with lower freezing temperatures and longer freezing times.

Abstract This paper took fermented dough as the research object. The difference between the subfreezing temperature and other freezing temperatures for long-term storage of fermented dough was discussed. The fermented dough was quick-frozen at -30 °C for 1 h and then stored at -6 °C, -12 °C and -18 °C for 5 d, 10 d and 15 d. The results indicated that with decreasing freezing temperature, the content of bound water in the dough increased gradually so that the water in the dough could be better preserved and the storage time of the dough could be prolonged. Although low temperatures could have a better storage effect, too low temperature and prolonged freezing time would destroy the structure of the starch in the dough. The structure of the starch stored at the subfreezing temperature (-12 °C) was better than that stored at other temperatures. Compared with the common freezing temperature (-18 °C), the subfreezing temperature not only achieves a better storage effect but also reduces energy consumption.

Abstract This study investigated the effects of different storage temperatures on the structure and physicochemical properties of starch in frozen nonfermented dough. The results showed that the water activity and water loss rate of dough samples decreased with decreasing storage temperature. The density of hydrogen protons in the dough sample decreased as well. The freezable water content in dough increased with decreasing freezing temperature. The results showed that with decreasing freezing temperature, the formation and recrystallization of ice crystals in the process of freezing storage resulted in an increase in depressions and holes in wheat starch grains, internal and external damage to starch, and a gradual decrease in the relative crystallinity. The porous surface of starch particles and their loose molecular order structure promote the infiltration of water molecules into the interior of the starch particles. The combination of starch chain and water molecules makes the peak viscosity of starch in the dough gradually rise, but diminishes its stability when heated. Compared with the control group, the starch recovery value increased, and the starch enthalpy value increased gradually. The structure and physicochemical properties of starch in nonfermented dough stored at -12 °C and -18 °C were similar.

Abstract Spices have long been used in many countries to enhance or modify the flavor of meat and meat products. In general, different cooking treatments of spices can produce significantly different flavor. Jiao-ma chicken (JMC), as a traditional and characteristic cuisine in China, is prepared by boiled chicken seasoned with its exquisite flavor sauce. The delicious flavor of its sauce has won great popularity, and fried chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) oil (CPO) and pricklyash peel (Zanthoxylum bungeanum M.) oil (PPO) are its essential ingredients. To investigate the effects of CPO and PPO on the formation of aroma characteristics of JMC, the volatiles of CPO and PPO with and without chicken soup (CS) were analyzed by SPME/GC-MS. A total of 69 and 64 volatiles were identified in semi-finished JMC sauce (CS, CPO, and PPO) and final JMC sauce, respectively. GC-MS results showed that the composition and proportions of volatiles were significantly changed. Adding CPO and PPO to the basic CS generated several terpenes, and caused significant decreases in alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, resulting in an exquisite spicy flavor of JMC sauce. Combined with GC-O and principal component analysis (PCA) results, it was found that 23 volatiles positively involved in the aroma formation, and might be significantly contributed to the unique flavor of JMC sauces.