RESUMO Introdução: A moderna teoria da fisiologia do exercício afirma que a força muscular do core desempenha um papel muito importante na conclusão das habilidades motoras dos atletas; o desempenho específico é estabilizar o centro de gravidade do atleta, a fonte de explosão e transmissão de potência além do seu centro de controle. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito dos métodos de um treinamento experimental sobre a força muscular do core em atletas de voleibol. Métodos: 24 atletas foram divididos em grupo experimental e grupo de controle, a fim de garantir que os indicadores basais dos dois grupos antes do experimento não apresentassem comparação significativa, usando teste t de amostra independente e teste t de amostra pareada. Resultados: O número médio de sit-ups dos dois grupos de estudantes foi de 58,15 e 70,52n, respectivamente, os cinco indicadores básicos de estabilidade dos dois grupos foram todos significativos, e os métodos de treinamento da força no grupo experimental foram melhores do que os do grupo controle. Conclusão: O método experimental apresentada ajuda a melhorar a taxa de sucesso no salto do atleta. Os métodos de treinamento da força do core usados no grupo experimental em salto foram superiores aos métodos tradicionais de treinamento usados no grupo de controle. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Modern exercise physiology theory states that abdominal core muscle strength plays a very important role in the completion of athletes’ motor skills; the specific performance is to stabilize the athlete’s center of gravity, the source of explosion and power transmission beyond his center of control. Objective: Verify the effect of an experimental training methods on the muscular strength of the abdominal core in volleyball athletes. Methods: 24 athletes were divided into an experimental group and a control group, in order to ensure that the baseline indicators of the two groups before the experiment did not show significant comparison, using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test. Results: The average number of sit-ups of the two groups of students was 58.15 and 70.52n, respectively, the five baseline indicators of stability of the two groups were all significant, and the strength training methods in the experimental group were better than those in the control group. Conclusion: The presented experimental method helps to improve the success rate in athlete’s jump. The core strength training methods used in the experimental group in jumping were superior to the traditional training methods used in the control group. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La teoría moderna de la fisiología del ejercicio afirma que la fuerza muscular del core desempeña un papel muy importante en la realización de las habilidades motrices de los atletas; la actuación específica consiste en estabilizar el centro de gravedad del atleta, la fuente de explosión y la transmisión de potencia más allá de su centro de control. Objetivo: Verificar el efecto de los métodos de un entrenamiento experimental sobre la fuerza muscular del core en atletas de voleibol. Métodos: 24 atletas fueron divididos en un grupo experimental y un grupo de control, con el fin de garantizar que los indicadores basales de los dos grupos antes del experimento no mostraran una comparación significativa, utilizando la prueba t de muestras independientes y la prueba t de muestras emparejadas. Resultados: El número medio de sentadillas de los dos grupos de estudiantes fue de 58,15 y 70,52n, respectivamente, los cinco indicadores de estabilidad de referencia de los dos grupos fueron todos significativos, y los métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza del grupo experimental fueron mejores que los del grupo de control. Conclusión: El método experimental presentado ayuda a mejorar la tasa de éxito en el salto del atleta. Los métodos de entrenamiento del core utilizados en el grupo experimental en los saltos fueron superiores a los métodos de entrenamiento tradicionales utilizados en el grupo de control. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used to stimulate the healing of the fresh fracture, delayed union, and non-union in both animal and clinical studies. Besides, biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (BCP) is a promising biomaterial for bone repair as it shows favorable biocompatibility, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction. However, scarcity is known about the combined effect of LIPUS and BCP on bone formation. Methods: The combined effect of LIPUS and BCP was studied in a beagle model. Twelve dogs were used. BCP granules without any additions were implanted into bilateral erector spinae muscles. One side is the BCP group, while the counterlateral side is LIPUS + BCP group. Histological and histomorphometric analyses, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were evaluated. Results: Compared with BCP alone, the LIPUS + BCP showed no advantages in early bone formation. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway-related mRNA has no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: The preliminary results showed that the BCP, which has intrinsic osteoinduction nature, was an effective and promising material. However, LIPUS has no enhanced effect in BCP induced ectopic bone formation. Furthermore, LIPUS has no effect on the Notch signaling pathway. Whether costly LIPUS could be used in combination with BCP should be a rethink. Purpose Lowintensity Low intensity (LIPUS fracture union nonunion non studies Besides (BCP biocompatibility osteoconduction However formation Methods model muscles group analyses realtime real time evaluated Results alone Furthermore pathwayrelated pathway related groups Conclusions nature material rethink

Abstract This work studied the effects of different time and temperature combinations [100 °C for 50 min (T1), 110 °C for 50 min (T2), 118 °C for 50 min (T3) and 121 °C for 30 min (T4)] of sterilization on the sensory quality and lipid oxidation of Dezhou braised chicken. Compared to T1, T3 and T4 groups, the T2 group had the highest colour and lower hardness. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the electronic-tongue results showed that there were distinct differences in taste between the treatment groups. Free amino acids (FAA) analysis showed that the T2 group had the highest amino acid contents. In summary, the T2 might be a more reasonable sterilization condition for Dezhou braised chicken, due to its positive effects on maintaining sensory quality. The results of this study could guide Dezhou braised chicken industry to produce better quality products. 100 [10 C 5 T1 T , (T1) 11 T2, (T2) (T3 12 3 (T4) groups hardness PCA (PCA electronictongue electronic tongue FAA (FAA contents summary products 10 [1 (T1 1 (T2 (T (T4 [

Resumo Introdução Em muitas regiões, o carcinoma de laringe é um câncer comum do trato respiratório superior e geralmente envolve a região glótica. O tratamento do câncer glótico inicial inclui radioterapia, cirurgia aberta e microcirurgia a laser de laringe. Entretanto, a forma preferencial de tratamento do câncer glótico inicial ainda é controverso. Objetivos Estudar os fatores que afetam a taxa de sobrevida em 5 anos do câncer glótico inicial Tis-2N0M0 e demonstrar a segurança oncológica de diferentes tratamentos. Método Um total de 144 pacientes com câncer glótico inicial foram analisados retrospectivamente. Todos os pacientes eram clinicamente negativos para linfonodos. Cinquenta e três pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia aberta, 46 à microcirurgia transoral a laser de CO2, e radioterapia em 45 casos. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 26 a 84 meses, com um período médio de seguimento de 62,9 meses. Resultados A sobrevida global em 5 anos foi de 82,6%. As taxas de sobrevida em cinco anos da cirurgia aberta, microcirurgia a laser e radioterapia foram de 83,0%, 82,6% e 82,2%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significante na taxa de sobrevida em cinco anos entre os três tratamentos (p = 0,987). Na análise multivariada, idade, estágio T, classificação histopatológica e envolvimento da comissura anterior foram fatores prognósticos importantes para o câncer glótico inicial. Conclusão Não houve diferença significante na taxa de sobrevida em 5 anos entre radioterapia, microcirurgia a laser e cirurgia aberta para câncer glótico inicial. Deve-se estar atento à idade, estágio T, histopatológico e envolvimento da comissura anterior dos pacientes.

Abstract Introduction In many regions, laryngeal carcinoma is a common upper respiratory tract cancer, most commonly involving the glottic region. The treatment of early glottic cancer includes radiotherapy, open surgery and laryngeal laser microsurgery. However, the preferred treatment for early glottic cancer is still controversial. Objectives To study the factors affecting the 5-year survival rate of Tis-2N0M0 early glottis cancer and to demonstrate the oncological safety of different treatments. Methods 144 patients with early glottic cancer were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were clinically node negative. 53 patients underwent open surgery, transoral CO2 laser microsurgery in 46 cases and radiotherapy in 45 cases. The patients were followed up for 26 − 84 months, with an average follow-up period of 62.9 months. Results The 5-year overall survival was 82.6%. The 5 year survival rates of open surgery, laser microsurgery and radiotherapy were 83.0%, 82.6% and 82.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival rate among the three treatments (p= 0.987). In multivariate analysis, age, T-stage, pathological grading, and anterior commissure involvement were important prognostic factors for early glottic cancer. Conclusion There was no significant difference in 5 year survival rate among patients treated by either radiotherapy, laser microsurgery or open surgery for early glottic cancer. We urge more attention to the age, T-stage, pathological grade, and anterior commissure involvement of the patients.

Abstract Evidences showed that Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is one important predictive factor for some cancers. However, the association between PNI and colorectal cancer is still unclear. In this study, we aim to explore the association between PNI and death in patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer. We enrolled 400 patients with colorectal cancer. The pathological results was used to confirm it. The patients received radical resection. The PNI at baseline was set as the exposure variable, death was the outcome variable, and other potential confounders were also analyzed. There was no association between PNI and the deaths of local advanced colorectal cancer and radical resection of colorectal cancer (HR=0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-1.00).Applying the cubic spline function, we found that it is not linear between PNI and death. Two-piecewise cox model showed that there was 68% decrease of risk of deaths when PNI change per 1 (HR=0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.79) on the left side of the inflection point (41.35). On the right of the inflection point, there was no association between PNI and death. PNI and deaths are linear correlation. Within a certain range (PNI=26-41), PNI is an independent protective factor for death risk.

The microstructures of high-Si Al alloy cylindrical simples produced by rheological squeeze-casting with bottom-up filling were investigated. The effect of process parameters on the distribution of hard phases (primary Si and Fe-rich phase) was evaluated, and flow characteristics of semi-solid slurry of high-Si Al alloy were investigated. Differences in volume fractions (VFs) of hard phases between the middle and upper layers of cylindrical samples decreased as the squeezing speed increased. Moreover, the flow state of the semi-solid alloy slurry transitioned from laminar to turbulent flow as the squeezing speed was increased. Movement of gases throughout the semi-solid alloy slurry filling process was analysed under different process parameters. The results provide insights for improving rheological casting of high-Si Al alloy and other Al matrix composites.

ABSTRACT Degradation and desertification are extremely significant environmental problems in arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems. Long-term overgrazing is the most fundamental cause of grassland degradation. We investigated relationships between grazing intensity and bacterial communities in non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils in desert steppe, including 0-10, 10- 20 and 20-30 cm depth soils, as well as Stipa breviflora Griseb., Cleistogenes songorica (Roshev.) Ohwi, Artemisia frigida Willd. and plant community rhizospheric soils. This involved simulating grazing intensities in a long-term localization experiment, using a randomized block design. The effects of grazing on non-rhizospheric soil bacterial abundance were reflected in the 0-10 cm layer, increasing under light grazing and decreasing rapidly under moderate and heavy grazing, mainly related to Bacillus. Bacterial abundance in dominant plant rhizosphere responded differently. In A. frigida Willd. Rhizosphere, it decreased with increasing grazing intensity (a trend repeated in mixed rhizosphere). Bacterial abundance in S. breviflora and C. songorica rhizosphere increased under light and decreased under moderate and heavy grazing. Thus, changes in the dominant plant rhizospheric bacterial community did not significantly affect bacterial abundance in mixed rhizosphere. Changes in the rhizospheric bacterial abundance mainly resulted from levels of the dominant species, Streptomyces and Arthrobacter. There were significantly different results for bacterial community structure. Specifically, grazing had a nonsignificant and significant impact on bacterial community structures in non-rhizospheric (FPERMANOVA = 1.38, p = 0.199) and rhizospheric (FPERMANOVA = 2.03, p = 0.012) soil, respectively, varying significantly among plants (FPERMANOVA = 1.9, p = 0.022). In conclusion, bacterial communities in rhizosphere were mainly affected by plant species and were more sensitive to changing grazing intensity than in non-rhizospheric soil.

OBJECTIVES: Cystathionine β-synthase is a major enzyme in the metabolism of plasma homocysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia is positively associated with hypertension and stroke. The present study was performed to examine the possible effects of Cystathionine β-synthase promoter methylation on the development of hypertension and stroke. METHODS: Using quantitative methylation-specific PCR, we determined the Cystathionine β-synthase methylation levels in 218 healthy individuals and 132 and 243 age- and gender-matched stroke and hypertensive patients, respectively. The relative changes in Cystathionine β-synthase promoter methylation were analyzed using the 2–ΔΔCt method. The percent of the methylated reference of Cystathionine β-synthase was used to represent the Cystathionine β-synthase promoter methylation levels. RESULTS: In this study, the Cystathionine β-synthase promoter methylation levels of hypertensive and stroke participants were both higher than that of the healthy individuals (median percentages of the methylated reference were 50.61%, 38.05% and 30.53%, respectively, all p<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that Cystathionine β-synthase promoter hypermethylation increased the risk of hypertension [odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI)=1.035 (1.025–1.045)] and stroke [OR (95% CI)=1.015 (1.003–1.028)]. The area under the curve of Cystathionine β-synthase promoter methylation was 0.844 (95% CI: 0.796–0.892) in male patients with hypertension and 0.722 (95% CI: 0.653–0.799) in male patients with stroke. CONCLUSION: Cystathionine β-synthase promoter hypermethylation increases the risk of hypertension and stroke, especially in male patients.

OBJECTIVES: Clinically, patients with chronic heart failure arising from different etiologies receive the same treatment. However, the prognoses of these patients differ. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the pathogenesis of heart failure arising from different etiologies differs. METHODS: Heart failure-related dataset GSE1145 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes were identified using R. A protein-protein interaction network of the differentially expressed genes was constructed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. The modules in each network were analyzed by Molecular Complex Detection of Cytoscape. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used to obtain the functions of the modules. RESULTS: Samples contained in GSE1145 were myocardial tissues from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, familial cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and post-partum cardiomyopathy. The differentially expressed genes, modules, and functions of the modules associated with different etiologies varied. Abnormal formation of extracellular matrix was overlapping among five etiologies. The change in cytoskeleton organization was specifically detected in dilated cardiomyopathy. The activation of the Wnt receptor signaling pathway was limited to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The change in nucleosome and chromatin assembly was associated with only familial cardiomyopathy. Germ cell migration and disrupted cellular calcium ion homeostasis were solely detected in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The change in the metabolic process of glucose and triglyceride was detected in only post-partum cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the pathogenesis of heart failure arising from different etiologies varies, which may provide molecular evidence supporting etiology-based treatment for heart failure patients.

Abstract The sexually dimorphic expression of H19/IGF2 is evolutionarily conserved. To investigate whether the expression of H19/IGF2 in the female porcine eye is sex-dependent, gene expression and methylation status were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). We hypothesized that H19/IGF2 might exhibit a different DNA methylation status in the female eye. In order to evaluate our hypothesis, parthenogenetic (PA) cells were used for analysis by qPCR and BSP. Our results showed that H19 and IGF2 were over-expressed in the female eye compared with the male eye (3-fold and 2-fold, respectively). We observed a normal monoallelic methylation pattern for H19 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Compared with H19 DMRs, IGF2 DMRs showed a different methylation pattern in the eye. Taken together, these results suggest that elevated expression of H19/IGF2 is caused by a specific chromatin structure that is regulated by the DNA methylation status of IGF2 DMRs in the female eye.