Abstract Objective: To compare the use of sealants in permanent molars between public and private dentists in Brazil. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical web survey study. The convenience sample consisted of dentists in Brazil who answered a pre-tested online form released via social media between July and October 2021. Descriptive analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies (%) and associations using the Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: Brazilian professionals participated in the study (n=2,244). Comparing the professionals from the public service with those from the private service, the former had a higher positive perception of the use of sealants as a preventive (92.4% vs. 81.1%, p<0.00l) and therapeutic procedure (90.7% vs. 82.4%, p=0.00l), higher percentage of non-invasive (91.7% vs. 83.8%, p<0.00l) and invasive (22.8% vs. 12.0%, p< 0.001) techniques. Professionals from the private service reported more frequently that they did not use sealants than those from the public service (14.0% vs. 4.8%, p<0.00l). Resin sealant (97.7% vs. 94.9%, p=0.0l5) and Flow resin (62.0% vs. 54.3%, p=0.013) were the most used by professionals in the private service. The use of glass ionomer cement was not associated with the type of service (75.1% vs. 77.2%, p=0.172), nor was the use of adhesives (0.6% vs. 1.4%, p=0.195) or resin with Giomer technology (1.9% vs. 2.2%, p=0.856) (p>0.05). Conclusion: The percentage of use of sealants among dentists in Brazil is high, especially among professionals in the public service, and the most used materials were resinous sealants and glass ionomer cement. Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional pretested pre tested 2021 % (% Chisquare Chi square p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) Results n=2,244. n2244 n n=2,244 2 244 (n=2,244) 92.4% 924 92 4 (92.4 vs 811 81 1 81.1% p<0.00l p000l pl 00l l 90.7% 907 90 7 (90.7 824 82 82.4% p=0.00l, p=0.00l , p=0.00l) noninvasive non 91.7% 917 91 (91.7 838 83 8 83.8% 22.8% 228 22 (22.8 120 12 12.0% 0.001 0001 001 techniques 14.0% 140 14 (14.0 48 4.8% p<0.00l. 97.7% 977 97 (97.7 949 94 9 94.9% p=0.0l5 p00l5 0l5 62.0% 620 62 (62.0 543 54 3 54.3% p=0.013 p0013 013 75.1% 751 75 (75.1 772 77 77.2% p=0.172, p0172 p=0.172 172 p=0.172) 0.6% 06 6 (0.6 1.4% p=0.195 p0195 195 1.9% 19 (1.9 2.2% p=0.856 p0856 856 p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) Conclusion high 202 ( p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 n224 n=2,24 24 (n=2,244 92.4 (92. 81.1 90.7 (90. 82.4 91.7 (91. 83.8 22.8 (22. 12.0 0.00 000 00 14.0 (14. 4.8 97.7 (97. 94.9 p=0.0l p00l 0l 62.0 (62. 5 54.3 p=0.01 p001 01 75.1 (75. 77.2 p017 p=0.17 17 0.6 (0. 1.4 p=0.19 p019 1.9 (1. 2.2 p=0.85 p085 85 p>0.0 (p>0.05 20 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 n22 n=2,2 (n=2,24 92. (92 81. 90. (90 82. 91. (91 83. 22. (22 12. 0.0 14. (14 4. 97. (97 94. 62. (62 54. p=0.0 75. (75 77. p01 p=0.1 0. (0 1. (1 2. p=0.8 p08 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0 (p<0. n2 n=2, (n=2,2 (9 (2 (6 p=0. (7 p>0 (p>0. (p<0 n=2 (n=2, p=0 p> (p>0 (p< n= (n=2 p= (p> (p (n= (n

Abstract: Appropriate research reports are important to facilitate the evaluation of studies and the decision-making by dentists and policymakers. This meta-research study assessed the conformity of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations with the CONSORT recommendations and their risk of bias (RoB). Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, BBO, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from April 2019 to June 2021 for RCTs that assessed the longevity of ART restorations in children. A specific tool was used to assess adherence to the CONSORT recommendations; RoB was evaluated with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Descriptive analyses included the number of studies by journal, follow-up period, country, and quality assessments. A total of 2,181 papers were retrieved and 36 of them were analyzed qualitatively. The overall CONSORT mean score (CONms) was 22.52 ± 6.17 out of 32 points. The best described items were intervention and outcomes, whereas allocation concealment was described in only 22% of the papers. Significant differences in CONms were detected in the analysis by country and publication dates. High CONms were observed in recently published papers (26.7 ± 3.1) when compared to first ART studies (18.1 ± 4.6; p < 0.001). RoB was low in four studies, unclear in 11, and high in 21. Adherence of the papers to the CONSORT recommendations was not fully achieved and most of the papers had unclear and high RoB (PROSPERO registration #CRD42020201460).

Abstract Objective: This cross-sectional research evaluated caries prevalence and treatment need in pre-school children using different indexes. Material and Methods: A sample of 931 children (3-5 years old) attending public schools were examined by two calibrated researchers, who recorded the caries prevalence using dmf-t and ICDAS II. The clinical records obtained directed the decision regarding the treatment needs, which were divided into non-invasive and invasive procedures according to the scores registered in the different caries indexes. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data related to each index; qui-square test was used to compare the need of invasive and non-invasive treatment in the different ages. Results: The mean dmf-t was 1.8 ± 2.9, with a 42.9% caries prevalence. Using cut-off points of ICDAS II (≥1, ≥3 and ≥4), the caries prevalence values found were 50.7%, 40.8% and 30.7%, respectively. Five-year-old children exhibited the highest caries prevalence, assessed with dmf-t or ≥3 and ≥4 cut-off points of ICDAS II (≥3: p=0.032; ≥4: p=0.015). The percentages of caries-free children were 49.1% and 57.1%, respectively for ICDAS II and dmf-t. Restorative treatment in at least one tooth was required by 30.7% and 40% of the children for ICDAS II and dmf-t. Only ICDAS II could establish the percentage of non-invasive treatments (20%). Both indices pointed out the expressive need of restorative treatment. Conclusion: The use of dmf-t in epidemiological surveys may underestimate caries prevalence whereas the ICDAS II allowed the identification of early carious lesions and the viability of the use of non-invasive procedures as caries control measures in a child population.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo analisou a liberação/recarga de flúor e a rugosidade superficial do carbômero de vidro em comparação a outros cimentos de ionômero vidro (CIVs) encapsulados. Material e método Os CIVs testados foram o Glass Fill® (GC-GCP Dental), Riva Self Cure® (RS-SDI), Riva Light Cure® (RL-SDI), Equia Fil® (EF-GC Europe). A resina composta Luna® (LU-SDI) foi empregada como controle. Cinco amostras de cada material foram confeccionadas e mantidas em um umidificador durante 24h (37 °C, 100% de umidade relativa). A liberação de flúor foi aferida em dois tempos: antes (T1: dias 1, 2, 7 e 14) e após aplicação tópica de flúor (T2: dias 15, 16, 21 e 28). A rugosidade superficial também foi aferida nos dois tempos (T1: dias 1 e14; T2: dias 15 e 28). Todas as amostras foram submetidas a uma única aplicação tópica de flúor fosfato acidulado (Flúor Care - FGM). ANOVA dois fatores com medidas repetidas e pós-teste de Tukey (p<0,05) foram empregados na analise estatística. Resultado O Equia Fil apresentou a maior liberação de flúor em ambos os períodos de avaliação, com liberação maior no T1 (p<0,05). Os demais materiais testados, incluindo o carbômero de vidro, apresentaram liberação semelhante em ambos os períodos (T1 e T2). Em relação à rugosidade superficial não foram observadas diferenças significativas na interação entre os fatores material × tempo (T1 e T2) (p=0,966). Conclusão Os CIVs testados apresentaram capacidade de liberação e recarga de flúor e não mostraram aumento de rugosidade superfícial pela aplicação tópica de flúor.

Abstract Objective This study analyzed the fluoride release/recharge and surface roughness of glass carbomer compared to other encapsulated glass ionomer cements (GICs). Material and method The GICs tested were Glass Fill® (GC-GCP Dental), Riva Self Cure® (RS-SDI), Riva Light Cure® (RL-SDI), Equia Fil® (EF-GC Europe). The composite resin Luna® (LU-SDI) was used as control. Five samples of each material were prepared and kept in a humidifier for 24 hours (37 °C, 100% relative humidity). Fluoride release was measured in two times: before (T1: days 1, 2, 7, 14) and after topical application of fluoride (T2: days 15, 16, 21 and 28). The surface roughness was also measured in both times (T1: days 1 and 14; T2: days 15 and 28). All samples were submitted to a single topical application of acidulated fluoride phosphate (Fluor Care - FGM). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's post-test (p <0.05) were used in the statistical analysis. Result Equia Fil presented the highest fluoride release in both evaluation periods, with a higher release in T1 (p <0.05). The other materials tested, including glass carbomer presented similar release in both periods (T1 and T2). Regarding surface roughness, no significant differences were observed in the interaction between the material × time factors (T1 and T2) (p=0.966). Conclusion The GICs tested presented fluoride release and recharge ability and showed no surface roughness increase by topical application of fluoride.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo avaliou a microdureza de dois materiais ionoméricos – Glass Carbomer (GC-GCP Dental) e Riva Light Cure (RL-SDI) ‒ em combinação com quatro unidades fotopolimerizadoras (Carbo LED lamp, GCP-Dental; Demi LED curing light, Kerr; Poli Wireless, Kavo; Radii Plus, SDI). Material e método Foram confeccionados 80 corpos de prova seguindo a orientação dos fabricantes, sendo 40 para cada material ionomérico e, para cada 10 corpos de prova, uma das unidades fotopolimerizadoras foi utilizada. Após sete dias de armazenamento em água destilada e temperatura ambiente, os 80 corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de microdureza Vickers (microdurômetro HMV 2T). Cinco indentações foram realizadas em cada corpo de prova (centro, extremidades direita e esquerda, e superior e inferior). O ensaio foi realizado sob uma carga de 100 gramas, com tempo de penetração de dez segundos. Resultado Independentemente da unidade fotopolimerizadora, o Riva Light Cure (RL-SDI) apresentou menor microdureza que o material Glass Carbomer (GC-GCP-Dental). A microdureza do Glass Carbomer (GC-GCP-Dental) foi influenciada pelo tipo de unidade fotopolimerizadora utilizada como fonte de calor. A análise de variância e o Teste de Tuckey (p<0,05) mostraram que a interação dos fatores ‘material’ vs. ‘unidade fotopolimerizadora’ (p<0,001) e os fatores principais ‘material’ (p<0,001) e ‘unidade fotopolimerizadora’ (p=0,002) foram estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão O material ionomérico Glass Cabomer (GCP- Dental) apresentou valor de microdureza significativamente superior quando comparado com o cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina Riva Light Cure (SDI), independentemente da unidade fotopolimerizadora utilizada.

Abstract Objective This study evaluated the microhardness of two encapsulated ionomer materials – Glass Carbomer (GC-GCP Dental) and Riva Light Cure (RL-SDI) in combination with four light curing units (Carbo LED lamp, GCP-Dental, Demi LED curing light, Kerr, Poli Wireless, Kavo, Radii Plus, SDI). Material and method Eighty specimens were prepared following the manufacturer’s guidelines, 40 for each ionomer material and for 10 specimens, one light curing unit was used. After 7 days of storage in distilled water and at room temperature, 80 specimens were tested with the Vickers hardness (microhardness HMV 2T, Shimadzu, Japan). Five indentations were performed on each specimen (center, right, left, top and bottom). The test was carried out under a load of 100 g, with a 10 second penetration time. Result Independent of the curing unit the Riva Light Cure (RL-SDI) obtained the lower hardness than the material Glass Carbomer (GC-GCP-Dental). The microhardness of Glass Carbomer (GC-GCP-Dental) was influenced by the type of curing unit used as a heat treatment. The analysis of variance and Tukey test (p<0.05) showed that the interaction of factors material vs. curing unit (p<0.001), the main factor material (p<0.001) and curing unit (p=0.002) were statistically significant. Conclusion The ionomeric material Glass Carbomer (GCP-Dental) had significantly higher hardness value when compared with glass ionomer modified by resin Riva Light Cure (SDI), regardless of the light curing unit used.

Resumo Introdução O fluoreto desempenha importante papel no controle da cárie dental. Objetivo Avaliar as trocas químicas entre cimentos de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade (CIV) e dentina decídua com aplicação de fluoreto de sódio (NaF) a 2% em alterações de dureza dentinária a partir da incorporação de cálcio, fosfato e fluoreto. Material e método Cavidades Classe I foram preparadas em 40 molares hígidos divididos em 2 grupos (n=20), de acordo com a condição dentinária: hígida (1) e desmineralizada (2). Subgrupos (n=10) foram formados para avaliar a ação isolada do CIV ou associado com NaF (F). Este estudo in vitro avaliou as trocas químicas sob duas condições: dentina hígida e desmineralizada (ciclagem de pH) para simular a perda mineral que ocorre em lesões de cárie. Grupo G1 e G2 receberam restaurações de CIV; Grupos G1F e G2F receberam NaF antes do CIV. Os espécimes foram preparados para microdureza Knoop e Micro-Raman. Para análise estatística foi utilizada Anova 2 fatores (α = 0.05). Os dados do Micro-Raman foram descritos qualitativamente. Resultado O aumento de dureza foi observado em todos os sítios de contato direto com CIV, em ambas dentinas em todos os grupos (p<0.001); não foi observado diferença em microdureza após aplicação do NaF (p>0.05). Na avaliação do Micro-Raman, o contato direto do CIV/dentina tanto hígida quanto desmineralizada resultou em um aumento do pico do fosfato dentinário. Conclusão As trocas químicas entre o CIV e dentina desmineralizada podem induzir mudanças das propriedades mecânicas do substrato e a captação de íons minerais (fosfato) ocorre sem a influência do NaF.

Abstract Background Fluoride plays an important role in the control of dental caries. Aim To evaluate the chemical exchange between restoration of glass ionomer cement of high viscosity (GIC) and primary dentin with application of sodium fluoride (NaF) 2% through changes in hardness from uptake of calcium, phosphate and fluoride. Material and method Class I cavities were prepared in 40 sound primary molars, and the sample was divided into two groups (n=20) according to dentin condition: sound (1) and demineralized (2). Sub-groups (n=10) were formed to investigate the isolated action of the GIC or the association with NaF (F). This in vitro study examined the chemical exchange under two conditions, sound and demineralized dentin (pH cycling), to simulate the occurrence of mineral loss for the caries lesion. G1 and G2 received GIC restoration only; groups G1F and G2F received NaF before GIC restoration. The specimens were prepared for Knoop hardness test and micro-Raman spectroscopy. A two-way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Micro-Raman data were qualitatively described. Result Increased hardness was observed in all the sites of direct contact with GIC in sound and demineralized dentin for all groups (p<0.001); no difference was observed in microhardness after application of NaF (p>0.05). In the evaluation of micro-Raman, direct contact between GIC and dentin for sound and demineralized dentin resulted in increased peaks of phosphate. Conclusion The exchange between GIC and demineralized dentin may induce changes of mechanical properties of the substrate, and uptake of mineral ions (phosphate) occurs without the influence of NaF.

Dentifrícios com diferentes composições estão disponíveis no mercado, mas existe pouca informação sobre suas propriedades. O objetivo do presente estudo “in vitro” foi avaliar as características físico-químicas de 12 dentifrícios divididos em 3 categorias, como contendo: agentes dessensibilizantes, triclosan ou agentes clareadores. Perda por dessecação/análise de resíduos: 5 g do dentifrício foi pesado cinco vezes para cada grupo. Análise do pH: foram diluídos 5 g do dentifrício suspensos em três partes de água destilada e analisados usando um potenciômetro digital. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV): análise das cinzas, forma e tamanho de partículas dos agentes abrasivos. Espectroscopia de raios X por dispersão em energia (EDX): identificação dos elementos abrasivos. Análise dos dados: Os dados foram analisados usando ANOVA e teste pos-hoc Bonferroni (α=0,05). Perda por dessecação: 38,21% à 65,83%. Os dentifrícios contendo triclosan e agentes dessensibilizantes mostraram diferença significante entre eles (p<0,05). Dentifrícios clareadores mostraram diferença significante entre Close-Up Whitening e Sensodyne Branqueador (44,72% e 65,83%, respectivamente). A maioria dos dentifrícios apresentaram pH básico ou neutro. Diferentes formas e tamanhos das partículas foram observadas na análise em MEV. Elementos abrasivos foram identificados no EDX. Estes resultados demonstram que os dentifrícios avaliados apresentaram diferentes propriedades e que suas composições influenciam diretamente em características, resultando em ações mais ou menos abrasivas sobre a superfície do dente. O conhecimento sobre as características dos dentifrícios é importante para indicar o produto ideal para cada caso.

Dentifrices with different compositions are available on the market, but there is limited information about their properties. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of 12 dentifrices divided into three categories, as containing desensitizing agents, Triclosan or whitening agents. Desiccation loss/residue analysis: 5 g of dentifrice was weighed five times for each group. pH analysis: 5 g of dentifrice were diluted in three parts of distilled water and analyzed using a digital potentiometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM): analysis of ashes, shape and size of the particles. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX): identification of the abrasive elements. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test (α=0.05). Desiccation loss: 38.21% to 65.83%. Dentifrices containing Triclosan and desensitizing agents showed statistically significant differences among them (p<0.05). Whitening dentifrices showed statistically significant differences between Close-Up Whitening and Sensodyne Branqueador (44.72%, 65.83%, respectively). Most dentifrices presented neutral or basic pH. Different shape and size particles were observed in the SEM analysis. Abrasive elements were identified in the EDX. These results demonstrate that the evaluated dentifrices had different properties and their composition influences directly their characteristics, thus resulting in a more or less abrasive action on tooth surface. Knowing the characteristics of the dentifrices is important to indicate the ideal product for each case.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade da supervisão de escovação em uma ou mais sessões na remoção de placa dental e desgaste de escovas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade receberam escovas dentais novas e participaram de um teatro de fantoches sobre saúde bucal. Foram selecionadas 49 e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos (GI=20; GII=14 e GIII=14). A técnica de Fones foi demonstrada aos grupos GI e GII para avaliar:a supervisão profissional direta e o treinamento de escovação em cinco sessões (GI), a supervisão profissional direta e o treinamento em uma única sessão (GII) e a influência do teatro de fantoches (GIII-grupo controle). Os índices de placa dental (IPL) foram registrados no início do estudo (T0), após 24 dias (T1) e 46 dias (T2) e os índices de desgaste das escovas dentais (ID) no T1 e T2. Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman (IPL); ANOVA de um critério e o teste t de Student (ID) (p<0,05) foram empregados na análise dos dados. RESULTADO: O GI diferiu de forma significativa dos outros grupos no T1 e T2 (p<0,01). O índice de desgaste das escovas aumentou (p<0,0001) dos 24 dias (0,52±0,35mm) para os 46 dias (0,90±0,48mm) e não houve associação significativa entre desgaste de escova e índice de placa, tanto em T1 (r=0,230-p= 0,116), quanto em T2 (r=0.226-p=0,121). CONCLUSÃO: A supervisão profissional em sessões múltiplas foi efetiva para reduzir os índices de placa, os quais não foram influenciados pelo desgaste das escovas, mostrando a necessidade de contínua motivação em higiene bucal.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of tooth brushing supervision in one or more sessions on dental plaque removal and toothbrush wear. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 3- to 5-year-old children received new toothbrushes and attended a puppet theater about oral health. Forty-nine children were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups (GI=20; GII=14; GIII=14). Fones' brushing method was demonstrated to the GI and GII groups to evaluate the following: the professional direct supervision and tooth brushing training in five sessions (GI), the professional direct supervision and a one-training session (GII) and the puppet theater influence only (GIII-control group). The dental plaque index (IPL) was recorded at baseline (T0), after 24 days (T1) and after 46 days (T2) and toothbrush wear (ID) was recorded on T1 and T2. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Friedman test (IPL), as well as the one-way ANOVA and the paired Student's t-test (ID) (p<0.05) were employed to analyze the data. RESULT: GI showed a significant difference from the others groups in T1 and T2 (p<0.01).The index of toothbrush wear increased (p<0.0001) from 24 days (0.52±0.35mm) to 46 days (0.90±0.48mm), but there was no significant association between toothbrush wear and plaque index for T1 (r=0.230-p= 0.116) as well as for T2 (r=0.226-p=0.121). CONCLUSION: The multiple sessions of professional supervision were effective to reduce the dental plaque index, which was not influenced by toothbrush wear, showing continuous oral hygiene motivation needs.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou a absorção de íons flúor em cimentos de ionômero de vidro de manipulação mecânica e manual, por uma única aplicação tópica de flúor. METODOLOGIA: Os cimentos de ionômeros de vidro (CIVs) Riva Self Cure® (RSC-SDI) e Ketac Molar Easymix® (KME- 3M-ESPE) foram testados com um material controle (RC-resina composta ICE-SDI), após preparo de dez corpos de prova de cada um (n = 30). Esses corpos foram pesados e armazenados em água deionizada para as aferições da liberação de flúor (eletrodo específico, Orion 9606-BN) em dois períodos: antes (PI: 1, 2, 7 e 14 dias) e após aplicação tópica de flúor (PII: 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 e 30 dias). No 15.º dia, cinco espécimes de cada material (n = 15) foram submetidos à aplicação tópica de fluoreto de sódio neutro a 2% ou de gel placebo de Natrosol (n = 15). RESULTADO: A maior liberação de íons flúor para ambos os CIVs ocorreu no primeiro dia do PI (KME = 13,44 ± 6,05; RSC = 6,88 ± 0,62) e a quantidade liberada foi semelhante no PII (KME = 6,22 ± 0,80; RSC = 6,67 ± 1,63). A comparação entre os períodos mostrou diferença significante somente para o KME, com maior liberação de flúor no PI (p < 0,05), e para o RSC, não foi detectada diferença entre PI e PII (p > 0,05). A análise de variância e o teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) não indicaram diferenças significantes entre os materiais antes e após a recarga. CONCLUSÃO: Os CIVs de manipulação mecânica ou manual possuem habilidade semelhante para captar íons flúor, quando submetidos a uma única aplicação tópica de fluoreto de sódio a 2%.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the uptake of fluoride ions on glass ionomer cements of manipulation mechanical and manual by a unique fluoride topical application. METHODOLOGY: The glass ionomer cements (GICs) Riva Self Cure® (RSC-SDI) and Ketac Molar Easymix® (KME-3M-ESPE) were tested with a control material (RC-composite resin ICE-SDI) after making ten specimens of each one (n = 30).These were weighed and stored in deionized water for measurements of fluoride release (specific electrode, Orion 9606-BN) into two periods, before (PI: 1, 2, 7 and 14 days) and after topical application of fluoride (PII: 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 days). On the 15th day, five specimens of each material (n = 15) were submitted to a topical application of sodium fluoride to 2% or placebo gel of Natrosol (n = 15). RESULT: The high release of fluoride for both GICs occurred on the first day of the PI (KME = 13.44 ± 6.05; RSC = 6.88 ± 0.62) and the amount of fluoride released was similar for the PII (KME = 6.22 ± 0.80; RSC = 6.67 ± 1.63). The comparison between periods showed significant differences only for the KME with higher fluoride release in PI (p < 0.05) and no difference was detected between PI and PII (p > 0.05) for the RSC. The analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p < 0.05) indicated no significant differences between the materials before and after recharging. CONCLUSION: The GICs of manipulation mechanical and manual have similar ability to uptake fluoride ions when subjected to a single topical application of sodium fluoride to 2%.

This in vitro study evaluated the physical-chemical characteristics of whitening toothpastes and their effect on bovine enamel after application of a bleaching agent (16% carbamide peroxide). Physical-chemical analysis was made considering mass loss by desiccation, ash content and pH of the toothpastes. Thirty bovine dental enamel fragments were prepared for roughness measurements. The samples were subjected to bleaching treatments and simulated brushing: G1. Sorriso Dentes Brancos (Conventional toothpaste), G2. Close-UP Whitening (Whitening toothpaste), and G3. Sensodyne Branqueador (Whitening toothpaste). The average roughness (Ra) was evaluated prior to the bleaching treatment and after brushing. The results revealed differences in the physical-chemical characteristics of the toothpastes (p < 0.0001). The final Ra had higher values (p < 0.05) following the procedures. The mean of the Ra did not show significant differences, considering toothpaste groups and bleaching treatment. Interaction (toothpaste and bleaching treatment) showed significant difference (p < 0.0001). The whitening toothpastes showed differences in their physical-chemical properties. All toothpastes promoted changes to the enamel surface, probably by the use of a bleaching agent.

OBJETIVO: Identificar os níveis de aprovação da fluorose dentária entre adultos leigos e cirurgiões-dentistas, comparando os padrões de aceitação da aparência de dentes afetados por acadêmicos da área de Ciências Exatas, representando a população leiga, com os de formandos do curso de Odontologia, representando os profissionais. MÉTODO: Participaram 180 alunos dos cursos de Odontologia e da área das Ciências Exatas, os quais responderam a questionário acerca de fotografias de arcadas dentárias com fluorose nos níveis muito leve, leve e moderada de Dean, e moderada após aplicação da técnica de micro-abrasão do esmalte. Perguntou-se sobre aparência geral da boca; coloração, forma e posição dos dentes; aspecto da gengiva e possibilidade de sorrir sem constrangimento. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística com intervalos de confiança em nível de 95%. RESULTADOS: Houve maior percentual de aprovação quanto à aparência da boca e coloração dos dentes para o caso de fluorose muito leve. Para todos os casos os alunos dos cursos de Exatas mostraram-se mais exigentes do que os acadêmicos de Odontologia. Verificou-se associação significativa entre percepção de aparência da boca e coloração dos dentes. A análise multivariada revelou que, para o caso de fluorose muito leve, a coloração dos dentes foi incluída no modelo explicativo de percepção da aparência da boca apenas para o grupo dos formandos. CONCLUSÕES: Todos os níveis de fluorose foram percebidos pelos grupos estudados, porém os casos de fluorose muito leve parecem não comprometer a percepção positiva da aparência da boca para os grupos que representam indivíduos leigos.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the levels of approval of dental fluorosis among lay adults and dentists, comparing the standards of acceptance of the appearance of affected teeth among groups of university students attending the area of Exact Sciences, representing the lay population, and senior Dentistry students, representing dentists. METHODS: 180 students participated by answering questions concerning dental arch photographs, with Dean's very mild, mild and moderate fluorosis index, and moderate fluorosis after the application of the microabrasion enamel technique. The questionnaire comprised questions about the general appearance of the mouth; coloration, form and position of teeth; aspect of the gums and the possibility of smiling without embarrassment. Data was analyzed using the Chi-square test and reliable logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: There were higher approval ratios, related to the appearance of the mouth and coloration of teeth, for the cases of very mild fluorosis. For all cases, Exact Sciences students were more demanding than Dentistry students. There was a significant association between perceived appearance of the mouth and discoloration of the teeth. The multivariate analysis revealed that, in the case of very mild fluorosis, the discoloration of teeth was included in the explanatory model of the perception of the appearance of the mouth only for the group of senior Dentistry students. CONCLUSIONS: All levels of fluorosis were perceived by the groups studied; however the cases of very mild fluorosis do not seem to compromise the positive perception of the appearance of the mouth, for the groups that represent lay individuals.

OBJETIVO: Identificar os níveis de aprovação da fluorose dentária entre adultos leigos e cirurgiões-dentistas, comparando os padrões de aceitação da aparência de dentes afetados por acadêmicos da área de Ciências Exatas, representando a população leiga, com os de formandos do curso de Odontologia, representando os profissionais. MÉTODO: Participaram 180 alunos dos cursos de Odontologia e da área das Ciências Exatas, os quais responderam a questionário acerca de fotografias de arcadas dentárias com fluorose nos níveis muito leve, leve e moderada de Dean, e moderada após aplicação da técnica de micro-abrasão do esmalte. Perguntou-se sobre aparência geral da boca; coloração, forma e posição dos dentes; aspecto da gengiva e possibilidade de sorrir sem constrangimento. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística com intervalos de confiança em nível de 95%. RESULTADOS: Houve maior percentual de aprovação quanto à aparência da boca e coloração dos dentes para o caso de fluorose muito leve. Para todos os casos os alunos dos cursos de Exatas mostraram-se mais exigentes do que os acadêmicos de Odontologia. Verificou-se associação significativa entre percepção de aparência da boca e coloração dos dentes. A análise multivariada revelou que, para o caso de fluorose muito leve, a coloração dos dentes foi incluída no modelo explicativo de percepção da aparência da boca apenas para o grupo dos formandos. CONCLUSÕES: Todos os níveis de fluorose foram percebidos pelos grupos estudados, porém os casos de fluorose muito leve parecem não comprometer a percepção positiva da aparência da boca para os grupos que representam indivíduos leigos.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the levels of approval of dental fluorosis among lay adults and dentists, comparing the standards of acceptance of the appearance of affected teeth among groups of university students attending the area of Exact Sciences, representing the lay population, and senior Dentistry students, representing dentists. METHODS: 180 students participated by answering questions concerning dental arch photographs, with Dean's very mild, mild and moderate fluorosis index, and moderate fluorosis after the application of the microabrasion enamel technique. The questionnaire comprised questions about the general appearance of the mouth; coloration, form and position of teeth; aspect of the gums and the possibility of smiling without embarrassment. Data was analyzed using the Chi-square test and reliable logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: There were higher approval ratios, related to the appearance of the mouth and coloration of teeth, for the cases of very mild fluorosis. For all cases, Exact Sciences students were more demanding than Dentistry students. There was a significant association between perceived appearance of the mouth and discoloration of the teeth. The multivariate analysis revealed that, in the case of very mild fluorosis, the discoloration of teeth was included in the explanatory model of the perception of the appearance of the mouth only for the group of senior Dentistry students. CONCLUSIONS: All levels of fluorosis were perceived by the groups studied; however the cases of very mild fluorosis do not seem to compromise the positive perception of the appearance of the mouth, for the groups that represent lay individuals.