ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of guava (Psidium guajava L.), a very promising fruit in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Despite this, no guava cultivar has been developed for the region. Thus, this study proposed to examine a population of guava full sibs using microsatellite markers and to identify which genotypes are the most divergent for future crosses, to select cultivars better adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of northern Rio Janeiro. Ninety-six superior genotypes were selected according to their agronomic traits, which were characterized using 45 microsatellite markers. The genetic distance between the analyzed genotypes, their clustering pattern and the genetic structure of the population were estimated. Hierarchical cluster analysis by the neighbor joining method indicated the formation of three distinct groups. The use of molecular information revealed the existence of moderate genetic variability between the genotypes of the full-sib families. Bayesian analysis separated the genotypes into only two groups, as the individuals shared most of the analyzed genomic regions. The most genetically divergent guava genotypes, that is, those allocated to different groups, such as genotypes 5 and 85, should be recommended for future crosses to obtain segregating populations, thus giving continuity to the guava breeding program.

ABSTRACT Combining the use of agronomic, disease-resistance, and molecular informationcan greatly contribute to genetic progress in breeding programs. This study was developed to estimate the genetic distance between genotypes derived from backcrosses and their parents using morphoagronomic and molecular information and information pertaining to resistance to the Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), and indicate genotypes with potential for generation advancement. The studied population consisted of 91 genotypes from the first backcross, oneinterspecific hybrid, and the species Passiflora setacea and P. edulis. For morphoagronomic characterization, the traits number of fruits, total fruit weight, average fruit weight, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC, related to resistance to CABMV) were evaluated. Fourteen microsatellite primers were used to estimate genetic diversity among the genotypes, estimatediversity parameters and quantify the proportion of parental genome in the evaluated genotypes. The use of morphoagronomic and molecular information revealed the existence of genetic variability among the genotypes. The mean number of alleles is close to that expected for the population. Observed heterozygosity (0.42) was higher than the expected heterozygosity (0.30), indicating an elevated number of heterozygous individuals in the population. Due to their good agronomic performance, resistance to the virus, and genotypic and phenotypic distinction, genotypes 484 and 312 are recommended to compose the future stages of the passion fruit breeding program aimed at resistance to CABMV

Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne arthritogenic alphavirus that has recently been introduced to Brazil. We report the case of a 36-year-old male patient from the City of Rio de Janeiro who developed molecularly-confirmed CHIKV disease and whose clinical picture was remarkable because of acute arthritis of an interphalangeal joint that had been damaged by trauma 8 years previously. This case illustrates that acute CHIKV disease may preferentially target previously damaged joints. Careful study of individual cases may provide valuable information on the presentation and management of this emerging zoonosis in Brazil.

Fluoroquinolone (FQ)-associated tendinopathy and myopathy are uncommon but well recognized complications of the use of this class of antibacterial agents. The case of a 63-year-old previously asymptomatic female patient who developed severe left shoulder tendinopathy after surreptitiously doubling the prescribed dose of levofloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia is reported here. Surgical stabilization with suture anchors and subacromial decompression were needed.