This research aims to study fluconazole (FNZ)-solvent interactions in pure solvents through theoretical and experimental solvatochromism. This study showed a bathochromic shift as the polarity of the solvent increases, where the excited state of FNZ is of higher polarity and lower energy than that of the ground state. The multiparametric statistical analysis highlighted solvent polarizability, dispersion, and electronic induction as solvent parameters of great importance, with the basicity of solvent and hydrogen bond acceptor capacity as having certain relevance. The thermochromic effect was also determined by exposing the three pKa values of FNZ. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of the π-π stacking interaction of the FNZ dihalogenated phenyl ring, the solvent basicity for the hydroxyl group, and its acidity for the N4’ of one of the triazoles stand out, as well as the acid-base equilibria involving the -OH group and the two N4’.

Abstract Background Aroeira or Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae: Rhoeae), is one of the worst invasive plants in California, Florida, and Hawaii, USA because of its wide distribution, adaptation to various habitats, toxicity, and demonstrated negative impacts on biodiversity. Chemical and mechanical methods provide only temporary control, are expensive, may damage native plants, and often create disturbance conducive to reinvasion by Brazilian peppertree and other invasive weeds. The leaflet galling psyllid Calophya terebinthifolii Burckhardt & Basset (Calophyidae: Calophyinae) is native to South America and recent studies have shown this insect attacks only Brazilian peppertree. Nymphs complete their development in open pit galls that create nutrient sinks, which divert resources away from normal plant growth and reproduction. Objective The objective of this study was to confirm the biological control potential of C. terebinthifolii . Methods We used a randomized complete block design with four treatments (chemical exclusion [control], natural infestation, low and high psyllid densities) replicated in space. Results At low densities, C. terebinthifolii significantly reduced flower production by 80.6% and 93.9%, respectively, compared to the chemical exclusion treatment. At high densities, the psyllid completely inhibited fruit production. Furthermore, leaf and stem biomass were significantly reduced following sustained attack by the psyllid C. terebinthifolii . Conclusions Overall, our results confirmed that feeding damage by this psyllid negatively impacts above ground vegetative growth and reproduction of Brazilian peppertree. Therefore, C. terebinthifolii should be considered for introduction into Florida for biological control of this invasive shrub.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity as bioindicators of litter arthropodofauna in pasture restoration in the Atlantic Forest Biome. Areas of native forest under natural regeneration, and pastures treated with different ecological restoration techniques were evaluated, with pitfall traps. The sampling period was from April/2017 to October/2018, bimonthly. Families Ptiliidae, Staphylinidae, and Leiodidae, species Pheidole cf. sarcina (Formicidae) and Mastigoceras sp. 1 and Szeptyckitheca sp. 1 (Collembola) were indicators of well-conserved areas, whereas families Cicadellidae and Delphacidae, Formicidae species Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863) and Camponotus melanoticus Emery, 1894 were indicators of degraded areas. From the springtail community, species richness is a metric that can be used as a bioindicator. It was observed that all taxonomic identification levels allowed for the differentiation of the environmental conditions of the sampling areas, with less specific identification levels, such as family, possibly indicating changes in areas under the restoration process.

Resumo A Síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt é uma oftalmoplegia dolorosa causada por uma inflamação granulomatosa não específica, sensível a corticoides, do seio cavernoso. A etiologia é desconhecida. Recorrências são comuns. O diagnóstico é feito por exclusão, devendo ser descartada uma variedade de outras doenças que envolvem o ápice orbitário, fissura orbitária superior e seio cavernoso. O presente estudo trata-se de um relato de caso de uma paciente de 29 anos, diagnosticada com Síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt, que apresentou paresia e dor em região orbital. Obteve resposta pouco efetiva a corticoterapia e desenvolveu efeitos colaterais, por isso foi tratada com dose única de infliximabe, evoluindo com remissão total da doença.

Abstract Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a painful ophthalmoplegia caused by non-specific granulomatous inflammation, corticoid-sensitive, of the cavernous sinus. The etiology is unknown. Recurrences are common. The diagnosis is made by exclusion, and a variety of other diseases involving the orbital apex, superior orbital fissure and cavernous sinus should be ruled out. This study reports a case of a 29-year-old woman, diagnosed with Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome, who presented ophthalmoparesis and orbital pain. She had poor response to corticotherapy and developed colateral effects, so she was treated with single infliximab dose immunosuppression, evolving total remission of the disease.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the leaf-litter entomofauna in degraded areas under restoration process with different restoration techniques, using the native forest as a reference and ecological indexes as parameters to select bioindicator groups. The study was conducted at “Serra do Itajaí” National Park (PNSI). The survey was conducted from winter/2014 to autumn/2016. The characterization of sampled communities was performed using identification, order, families and faunal indexes such as frequency, constancy and dominance. Overall, 11,241 insects from 57 taxonomic groups were collected in pitfall traps. The native forest showed the greatest richness observed. Groups classified as frequent, constant and dominant in all environments were the Formicidae family and Diptera Order. Significant differences were observed in the frequencies of Ptiliidae, Staphylinidae and Cicadellidae families and also Diptera Order. Coleoptera Ptiliidae, Staphylinidae families and Scolytinae subfamily showed potential as bioindicators of environmental quality at PNSI.

Introdução: Doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) são as principais causas de mortalidade em pacientes portadores de falência renal crônica (FRC). Diversos fatores de risco estão envolvidos na patogênese e são classificados em tradicionais - que afetam a população em geral; e não tradicionais - que são peculiares aos pacientes renais crônicos. Hiperparatireoidismo secundário, um fator não tradicional e comum na FRC, causa aumento da taxa de reabsorção óssea e mobilização do cálcio e do fósforo. À medida que o produto cálcio x fósforo aumenta, a solubilidade desse par iônico pode ser excedida e ocorrer deposição de fosfato de cálcio nos tecidos cardiovasculares (denominada calcificação metastática). Objetivo: Verificar possível relação entre a espessura da artéria carótida primitiva e os níveis de PTH em pacientes com FRC. Métodos: Foram realizados exames ultrassonográficos com Doppler para medir a espessura da artéria carótida e avaliar possíveis correlações entre diferentes elevações nos níveis séricos do PTH, distúrbios minerais e fatores de risco tradicionais e as alterações encontradas na carótida de portadores de FRC dialítica e hiperparatireoidismo secundário. Resultados: Foi observada diferença no nível de colesterol e na idade dos pacientes que apresentavam sinais de calcificação arterial. Também foi detectada relação significativa entre os níveis de PTH e a espessura da parede da carótida (r = 0,31; p = 0,03). Conclusão: Dados desse estudo mostram a possível concomitância de fatores tradicionais e os relacionados com a FRC na gênese das DCVs na uremia.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in terminal patients with chronic kidney failure (CKF). Diverse risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis, and are classified as traditional, which affect the general population; and non-traditional, which are peculiar to patients with CKF. Secondary hyperparathyroidism, a non-traditional and common factor in CKF, can cause an increased rate of bone absorption with mobilization of calcium and phosphorus. If the product of calcium x phosphorus is increased, the solubility of this ionic pair may be exceeded and deposition of calcium phosphate in cardiac and vascular tissues occur (called metastatic calcification). Objective: To verify eventual relationship between the thickness of the common carotid artery and the levels of PTH in patients with CKF. Methods: Evaluations by Doppler ultrasonography were performed to measure the width of the carotid artery wall and to search for possible correlations between different values of PTH serum levels, mineral disturbances and traditional risk factors in the carotid changes found in individuals with dialytic CKF and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Results: Differences in the cholesterol level and age were observed in patients with signals of arterial calcification. A significant relationship was also observed between the PTH serum levels and the carotid artery wall thickness (r = 0.31, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Data from this study show the possible concomitance of traditional factors and factors related to CKF in the genesis of CVDs in uremia.

A audiometria de respostas evocadas (ABR) é um registro não-invasivo de potenciais elétricos auditivos nos primeiros 12 milissegundos, da orelha média ao córtex auditivo. ABR é importante na avaliação otoneurológica. OBJETIVO: Esclarecer as utilidades do exame, faixas etárias e sexo com maior incidência e topodiagnóstico segundo as latências absolutas e os intervalos interpicos. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Neste estudo retrospectivo foram analisados 403 prontuários de ABR realizados em clínica particular na cidade de Jundiaí/SP, Brasil, suspeitos de alteração auditiva e/ou doença do SNC, com os pacientes divididos por sexo e faixa etária. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: ABR é um importante exame para determinar a integridade da via auditiva, limiares eletrofisiológicos e topodiagnóstico, embora o teste não indique a etiologia das alterações. Foi demonstrado que ocorreu maior incidência de achados retrococleares na faixa etária de 12-20 anos e sexo masculino, contudo crianças menores de um ano com fatores de risco não apresentaram um aumento na incidência de alterações condutivas, cocleares e retrococleares em relação à população geral estudada. As latências absolutas das ondas I, III e V foram maiores no sexo masculino e as alterações dos intervalos interpicos foram similares em ambos os sexos, sendo que o intervalo I-III foi o mais freqüentemente alterado.

Auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABR) is a non-invasive electrical potential registration which evaluates the auditory tract from the middle ear to the auditory cortex in the first 12 milliseconds (ms). The ABR is an important otoneurological evaluation. AIM: confirm the test's usefulness, major incidence and topography according to are range gender considering the absolute latencies of the waves and interpeak intervals. MATERIALS AND METHOD: we retrospectively analyzed 403 tests from a private clinic in the city of Jundiaí-São Paulo State-Brazil, from patients suspected of auditory damage or central nervous disorder, and the patients were broken down according to gender and age. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: ABR is an important test to determinate the soundness of the auditory tract, the electrophysiological thresholds and topodiagnosis. We found no differences between type of loss and gender; there was a major incidence of retrocochlear findings among male patients between 12-20 years old; children under one year with risk factors did not present higher incidences of auditory findings when compared with all the population analyzed. The absolute latencies of waves I, III and V were higher in males, but the interpeak intervals were similar in both genders, showing that interval I-III was more frequently altered.

Pela primeira vez no Vale do Itajaí, SC, foi registrada a ocorrência de Dyscinetus rugifrons (Burmeister) atacando plantios de Archontophoenix spp. O inseto foi observado no município de Barra da Sul, causando dano em plantas jovens. O ataque causa a morte das plantas e na área levantada, cerca de 45% das plantas foram atacadas. A importância em se manter os plantios de Archontophoenix spp. deve-se ao fato de que a mesma serve como alternativa à extração de palmito-juçara (Euterpe edulis), espécie nativa que vem tendo sua regeneração comprometida pelo extrativismo ilegal.

For the first time in the Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina State, was registered the occurrence of Dyscinetus rugifrons (Burmeister) attacking plantations of Archontophoenix spp. The insect was observed in the Barra do Sul city, causing damages in young plants. The attack caused plant death and in the surveyed area 45% of the plants were attacked. The importance in keeping Archontophoenix spp. plantations is that it is an alternative to palmito-juçara (Euterpe edulis) harvesting, a native specie that has its regeneration compromised for the illegal extrativism.

O fumo-bravo, Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (Solanaceae), nativo do Sul do Brasil, é uma importante planta invasora na África do Sul, onde é tida como alvo do controle biológico. Em 1998 cientistas do Brasil (Curitiba) e da África do Sul (Pretoria) iniciaram a execução de um projeto cooperativo para pesquisas sobre controle biológico de plantas nativas do Brasil e que tornaram invasoras na África do Sul. Dentro desse projeto estudos biológicos e ecológicos dos inimigos naturais de fumo-bravo foram realizados no Primeiro Planalto do Paraná. Nessa região o fumo-bravo é abundante e as condições climáticas e de altitudes são similares às áreas invadidas naquele país. A população de fumo-bravo é suporte alimentício e abrigo de uma fauna herbívora diversa que inclui 34 espécies de insetos e uma espécie de ácaro. Foram coletadas cinco espécies de elevado potencial para uso no controle biológico, dentre elas duas desfolhadoras, duas espermatófagas e uma broca. Três espécies estão destinadas para futuros estudos na África do Sul, uma destas espécies já foi liberada para controle de S. mauritianum, enquanto uma quarta espécie, Anthonomus morticinus Clark (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), foi estudada no campo.

Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (bugweed), native to southern Brazil, is a major weed in South Africa where it has been targeted for biological control. In 1998, a cooperative project involving Brazilian and South African scientists was initiated to develop cooperative biological control studies involving native Brazilian plants that are invasive in South Africa. Surveys for natural enemies were carried out in the First Plateau of Paraná, where the plant is particularly abundant and where the climatic conditions are similar to high altitude areas in South Africa that are invaded by S. mauritianum. Populations of S. mauritianum supported a diverse herbivore fauna, which included at least 34 insect species and one mite species. Five species with high biological control potential were collected: two flower-feeding, two leaf-feeding and one stem-boring species. Three of these species have been studied in quarantine in South Africa, one of which has already been released for the biological control of S. mauritianum, while a fourth species, Anthonomus morticinus Clark (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was studied in the field in Brazil.

Objetivou-se caracterizar a tolerância ao alagamento e alterações nas frações pécticas e hemicelulósicas de mesocótilos de milho submetidos à hipoxia. Sementes de milho cultivar Saracura BRS-4154 e BR 107, tolerante e sensível à hipoxia, respectivamente, foram submetidas à germinação e a sobrevivência das plântulas em condições de hipoxia, foi avaliada durante cinco dias. O material de parede celular, obtido de segmentos de mesocótilos da cultivar Saracura BRS-4154 com diferentes intensidades de danos causados por hipoxia, foi submetido a fracionamento com oxalato de amônio 0,5% e KOH 2M e 4M. As frações de parede celular obtidas foram analisadas por cromatografia em gel, cromatografia gasosa e espectro de infravermelho com transformação dos dados pela série de Fourrier (FTIR). Períodos de hipoxia superiores a três dias causaram a lise celular (aparência translúcida), e, em estádios mais avançados, a morte das plantas. O perfil gélico das frações pécticas, hemicelulose 2M e 4M das amostras de mesocótilos translúcidos e com constrição apresentaram compostos de baixos pesos moleculares semelhantes à glicose. Os principais açúcares neutros nas frações pécticas e hemicelulósicas foram arabinose, xilose e manose. O espectro de FTIR mostrou um decréscimo gradual nas substâncias pécticas do mesocótilo com aparência normal, para translúcido e constrição respectivamente.

This research aimed to characterize the tolerance to flooding and alterations in pectic and hemicellulose fractions from mesocotyl of maize tolerant to flooding when submitted to hypoxia. In order to characterize tolerance seeds from maize cultivars Saracura BRS-4154 and BR 107 tolerant and sensitive to low oxygen levels, respectively, were set to germinate. Plantlet survival was evaluated during five days after having been submitted to hypoxia. After fractionation with ammonium oxalate 0.5% (w/v) and KOH 2M and 4M, Saracura BRS-4154 cell wall was obtained from mesocotyl segments with different damage intensities caused by oxygen deficiency exposure. The cell wall fractions were analyzed by gel filtration and gas chromatography, and also by Infrared Spectrum with Fourrier Transformation (FTIR). The hypoxia period lasting three days or longer caused cell lysis and in advanced stages plant death. The gelic profile from pectic, hemicellulose 2M and 4M fractions from samples with translucid and constriction zone showed the appearance of low molecular weight compounds, similar to glucose. The main neutral sugars in pectic and hemicellulose fractions were arabinose, xilose and mannose. The FTIR spectrum showed a gradual decrease in pectic substances from mesocotyl with normal to translucid and constriction appearance respectively.

Relatam-se casos de adiaspiromicose pulmonar em homens brancos de 29 e 54 anos, lavradores, com sintomas "gripais" e achados radiológicos sugestivos de doença granulomatosa intersticial. Biópsias transbrônquicas e transtoracoscópicas foram realizadas. A função pulmonar foi avaliada por espirometria. Um paciente usou cetoconazol. Enfatizam-se possibilidades de confusão diagnóstica na adiaspiromicose pulmonar.

Two cases of human pulmonary adiaspiromycosis are reported. Patients were 29 and 54-year-old males, farm workers, with "grippe-like" symptoms and radiographic findings suggestive of granulomatous interstitial disease. Transthoracoscopic and transbronchial biopsies were performed. Pulmonary function was measured by spirometry. One patient used ketoconazole. Possibility of misdiagnosed pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is emphasized.

Relata-se caso de adiaspiromicose causando infiltrado pulmonar retículo-nodular difuso e bilateral, em lavrador de 26 anos. O diagnóstico etiológico foi estabelecido através de biópsia por toracoscopia. Tratado com cetoconazol, o paciente evoluiu bem, retornando às atividades profissionais um mês após a alta.

A case of thoracoscopic lung biopsy proven diffuse human adiaspiromycosis is reported. The patient, a 26-year-old male farm worker presented with a three-week history of fever, sweating, dyspnea and unproductive cough. Radiographic findings were those of granulomatous pulmonary intersticial disease. Treated with ketoconazole he improved very well, reassuming work normal activities a month later.