ABSTRACT From February to December 2021, 960 serum samples from different climate regions in two Mexican states were analyzed for antibodies against EIAV using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests. The overall seroprevalence of EIAV infection in equids determined by ELISA and AGID tests was 19.69% and 17.60%, respectively. The highest rate of seropositivity was observed in the state of Veracruz (23.67%, using AGID test), and the lowest rate was found in the state of Puebla (13.12%, using cELISA test). In total, 17.45% (85/487, using AGID test) and 15.40% (75/487, using cELISA test) of horses were positive for EIAV infection. Donkeys showed a prevalence of 19.87% (94/473) in cELISA and 21.99% (104/476) in AGID. The cELISA was compared with AGID as the gold standard test. The diagnostic sensitivity for horses and donkeys was 90.4% and 92.2%, and the specificity was 97.5% and 97.3%, respectively, with an almost perfect degree of agreement (kappa values of 0.871 and 0.888). Therefore, the overall seroprevalence rate of EIAV infection in equines in the sampled states of Puebla and Veracruz was 19.3%, with 91.4% sensitivity, 97.4% specificity, and an agreement of 96.25%, indicating almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.880). 2021 96 enzymelinked enzyme linked (cELISA (AGID 1969 19 69 19.69 1760 17 60 17.60% respectively 23.67%, 2367 23 67 (23.67% test, test , 13.12%, 1312 13 12 (13.12% . total 1745 45 17.45 85/487, 85487 85 487 (85/487 1540 15 40 15.40 75/487, 75487 75 (75/487 1987 87 19.87 94/473 94473 94 473 (94/473 2199 21 99 21.99 104/476 104476 104 476 (104/476 904 90 4 90.4 922 92 2 92.2% 975 97 5 97.5 973 3 97.3% kappa 0871 0 871 0.87 0.888. 0888 0.888 888 0.888) Therefore 193 19.3% 914 91 91.4 974 97.4 9625 25 96.25% 0.880. 0880 0.880 880 0.880) 202 9 196 1 6 19.6 176 17.60 23.67% 236 (23.67 13.12% 131 (13.12 174 17.4 85/487 8548 8 48 (85/48 154 15.4 75/487 7548 7 (75/48 198 19.8 94/47 9447 47 (94/47 219 21.9 104/47 10447 10 (104/47 90. 92.2 97. 97.3 087 0.8 088 0.88 88 19.3 91. 962 96.25 20 19. 17.6 23.67 (23.6 13.12 (13.1 17. 85/48 854 (85/4 15. 75/48 754 (75/4 94/4 944 (94/4 21. 104/4 1044 (104/4 92. 08 0. 96.2 23.6 (23. 13.1 (13. 85/4 (85/ 75/4 (75/ 94/ (94/ 104/ (104/ 96. 23. (23 13. (13 85/ (85 75/ (75 (94 (104 (2 (1 (8 (7 (9 (10 (

RESUMO De fevereiro a dezembro de 2021, 960 amostras de soro de diferentes regiões climáticas em dois estados mexicanos foram analisadas quanto à presença de anticorpos contra o EIAV, por meio de testes de imunoabsorção enzimática competitiva (cELISA) e imunodifusão em gel de ágar (AGID). A soroprevalência geral da infecção por EIAV em equídeos, determinada pelos testes ELISA e AGID, foi de 19,69% (189 de 960 amostras de soro) e 17,60% (169 de 960 amostras de soro), respectivamente. A maior taxa de soropositividade foi observada no estado de Veracruz (23,67%, usando-se o teste AGID), e a menor taxa foi encontrada no estado de Puebla (13,12%, usando-se o teste cELISA). No total, 17,45% (85/487, usando-se o teste AGID) e 15,40% (75/487, usando-se o teste cELISA) dos cavalos foram positivos para a infecção por EIAV. Os jumentos apresentaram uma prevalência de 19,87% (94/473) no cELISA e 21,99% (104/476) no AGID. O cELISA foi comparado com o AGID como o teste padrão-ouro. A sensibilidade diagnóstica para cavalos e jumentos foi de 90,4% e 92,2%, e a especificidade foi de 97,5% e 97,3%, respectivamente, com um grau de concordância quase perfeito (valores kappa de 0,871 e 0,888). Portanto, a taxa de soroprevalência geral da infecção por EIAV em equinos nos estados de Puebla e Veracruz amostrados foi de 19,3%, com sensibilidade de 91,4%, especificidade de 97,4% e concordância de 96,25%, indicando concordância quase perfeita (kappa = 0,880). 2021 96 (cELISA . (AGID) equídeos 1969 19 69 19,69 189 (18 1760 17 60 17,60 169 (16 soro, , respectivamente 23,67%, 2367 23 67 (23,67% usandose usando se 13,12%, 1312 13 12 (13,12% cELISA. total 1745 45 17,45 85/487, 85487 85 487 (85/487 1540 15 40 15,40 75/487, 75487 75 (75/487 1987 87 19,87 94/473 94473 94 473 (94/473 2199 21 99 21,99 104/476 104476 104 476 (104/476 padrãoouro. padrãoouro padrão ouro. ouro padrão-ouro 904 90 4 90,4 922 92 2 92,2% 975 97 5 97,5 973 3 97,3% valores 0871 0 871 0,87 0,888. 0888 0,888 888 0,888) Portanto 193 19,3% 914 91 91,4% 974 97,4 9625 25 96,25% 0,880. 0880 0,880 880 0,880) 202 9 (AGID 196 1 6 19,6 18 (1 176 17,6 16 23,67% 236 (23,67 13,12% 131 (13,12 174 17,4 85/487 8548 8 48 (85/48 154 15,4 75/487 7548 7 (75/48 198 19,8 94/47 9447 47 (94/47 219 21,9 104/47 10447 10 (104/47 90, 92,2 97, 97,3 087 0,8 088 0,88 88 19,3 91,4 962 96,25 20 19, ( 17, 23,67 (23,6 13,12 (13,1 85/48 854 (85/4 15, 75/48 754 (75/4 94/4 944 (94/4 21, 104/4 1044 (104/4 92, 08 0, 91, 96,2 23,6 (23, 13,1 (13, 85/4 (85/ 75/4 (75/ 94/ (94/ 104/ (104/ 96, 23, (23 13, (13 85/ (85 75/ (75 (94 (104 (2 (8 (7 (9 (10

Resumen Los programas escolares de prevención de obesidad muestran efectos positivos sobre parámetros de obesidad y estilo de vida. Sin embargo, se desconoce cuál es la forma más efectiva de implementación y en México los estudios disponibles muestran limitaciones metodológicas. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la factibilidad y efectividad de un programa escolar de prevención de obesidad 1) implementado por estudiantes avanzados de nutrición y actividad física y 2) implementado por maestros escolares y estudiantes avanzados de actividad física, ambos en comparación a un grupo control de niños mexicanos. El presente es un ensayo controlado aleatorio por conglomerados. Se invitará a participar a escolares de distintas primarias públicas de Hermosillo, Sonora. Las escuelas se asignarán aleatoriamente a: 1) Programa Planeta Nutrición (PPN) brindado por estudiantes avanzados, 2) PPN por maestros escolares y 3) grupo control. La intervención consistirá en sesiones de nutrición y actividad física para escolares e información de nutrición para padres. Se medirá el puntaje Z de IMC, grasa corporal y variables de estilo de vida al inicio y a los 6 meses. Se espera que el presente programa pueda ser un modelo de prevención de obesidad con un alto potencial de diseminación en las escuelas de México.

Abstract School-based obesity prevention programs show positive effects on obesity and lifestyle parameters. However, the most efficient way to implement them is unknown. In Mexico, available studies present methodological limitations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a school-based obesity prevention program 1) implemented by advanced undergraduate nutrition and physical activity students, and 2) the same program implemented by schoolteachers and advanced undergraduate physical activity students, each compared to a control group of Mexican children. This study is a cluster randomized controlled trial. Children from several schools in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico will be invited to participate. The schools will be randomly assigned to one option: 1) the Planet Nutrition Program (PNP) delivered by advanced undergraduate nutrition and physical activity students, 2) PNP by schoolteachers, or 3) a control group. The intervention will consist of nutritional education and physical activity sessions for children and nutrition information for parents. The BMI Z-score, body fat, and lifestyle parameters will be evaluated at baseline and at 6 months. If successful, we expect that the program turns out a model for obesity prevention in this age group, with a potential for dissemination in Mexican schools.

Objective: Shift workers are known to have increased morbidity associated to wrong habits. In this study we have evaluated the nutritional status, food habits and physical activity in health shift workers. Subjects: 207 permanent morning-shift workers and 210 shift workers (3-shift system) were randomized selected from the 2,100 workers of the North Area of the Canary Island Sanitary Health System. Methods: Dietary intake was assessed by a self-registered food frequency questionnaire. We also assessed Body Mass Index, blood lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides), physical activity, age and sex. Results: Shift workers shown higher intake of red meat, eggs, fruit juices and pasta. No differences were observed in lipid levels, weight status and physical activity in relation to the shift working status. 62% of men and 37.2% of women were overweight or obese. 46% of the subjects were sedentary. Conclusions: Shift work system seems to have little influence on the food habits of health workers.

Objetivo: El trabajo a turnos induce hábitos de vida anómalos, lo cual se asocia al aumento de la morbilidad en los trabajadores. En este estudio se valoró el estado nutricional, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física de trabajadores hospitalarios sometidos a turnos. Ámbito: La población de estudio estuvo compuesta por 207 trabajadores con turno fijo de mañana y 210 con turno rotatorio (mañana, tarde y noche) seleccionados aleatoriamente entre 2.100 trabajadores. Intervenciones: La ingesta dietética se determinó mediante cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos autoadministrado. También se determinaron índice de masa corporal, parámetros lipídicos (colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL y triglicéridos), actividad física, edad y sexo. Resultados: Los trabajadores sometidos a turnicidad mostraron un mayor consumo de ternera, huevos, zumos y pastas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a niveles lipídicos, estado ponderal ni de actividad física entre los trabajos sometidos y no a turnicidad y no. El 62% de los hombres y el 37,2% de las mujeres mostraron sobrecarga ponderal (obesidad y sobrepeso). El 46% de los individuos de la muestra presentaron sedentarismo. Conclusiones: La turnicidad en los trabajadores hospitalarios influye sólo parcialmente en los hábitos alimentarios de dicho colectivo.