Objective: Gallstone disease is a common condition in Chile and worldwide, often manifesting as cholecystocholedocholithiasis. One of the treatment options is laparoendoscopic rendezvous (RVLE), involving laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This study aims to assess the effectiveness of this technique in managing cholecystocholedocholithiasis at a university hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study spanning four years was conducted on patients diagnosed with cholecystocholedocholithiasis who underwent RVLE. Results: The study included 296 patients, with an average age of 52 years. One-fifth of them were over 70 years old, and 29.3% had significant comorbidities. Of these cases, 65.2% were classified as emergencies, and 12.2% presented with acute cholangitis. The overall success rate of the RVLE procedure was 82.8%. Notably, the presence of gallstones larger than 5 mm was associated with a higher likelihood of procedure failure. The primary reason for failure was the inability of the guidewire to advance into the duodenum (13.5%). Clinically significant morbidity occurred in 9.5% of cases, and the overall mortality rate at 90 days was 0.68%. Discussion: RVLE is an effective treatment for cholecystocholedocholithiasis within a single surgical intervention, even in patients over 70-years-old with comorbidities. However, it is important to note that the procedure is associated with increased morbidity when performed in cases of acute cholangitis. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography serves as a valuable diagnostic tool, providing insights into stone size. The most common cause of procedure failure is the inability of the guidewire to pass through, although this issue can often be resolved with a traditional ERCP.

Resumen Objetivo: La litiasis biliar es una patología frecuente en Chile y el mundo, que suele presentarse como colecistocoledocolitiasis. Dentro de las alternativas para su manejo está el rendez-vous laparoendoscópico (RVLE), que consiste en una colecistectomía laparoscópica asociada a colangiopancreatografía endoscó-pica retrograda (ERCP). Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la implementación de esta técnica para el tratamiento de la colecistocoledocolitiasis en un hospital universitario. Materiales y Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva de 4 años de pacientes con colecistocoledocolitiasis en quienes se realizó un RVLE. Resultados: Se incluyeron 296 pacientes, de edad promedio de 52 años, siendo un quinto mayor de 70 años, y presentando un 29,3% comorbilidades significativas. Un 65,2% fueron urgencias y un 12,2% presentó colangitis aguda. El éxito de la técnica fue de un 82,8%. Los cálculos mayores de 5 mm se asociaron al fracaso de ésta. La principal causa de fracaso fue el no paso de la guía hacia el duodeno (13,5%). La morbilidad, clínicamente significativa, fue de 9,5% y la mortalidad global a los 90 días fue de 0,68%. Discusión: El RVLE es un tratamiento eficaz para la colecistocoledocolitiasis en un tiempo quirúrgico, incluso en pacientes mayores de 70 años con comorbilidades, aunque con mayor morbilidad en colangitis aguda. La colangioresonancia magnética es útil en el diagnóstico y aporta información como el tamaño de los cálculos. El no paso de la guía es la principal causa de fracaso, pero se resuelve en la mayoría de los casos con una ERCP tradicional.

Abstract Introduction: The biological collections represent the foundation for the knowledge and management of the biodiversity of a region. However, regional collections focused on echinoderms are scarce in Mexico, particularly in the Central Mexican Pacific (CMP). The biological collection of the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX) belongs to the Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias of the Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico and it aims to serve as a reference for the region’s marine biodiversity. Objective: To state the richness of echinoderms in the LEMITAX collection. Methods: The organisms deposited at the LEMITAX have been collected by SCUBA, free-diving, and bottom trawls with biological dredges in different areas of the Mexican Pacific. The specimens are wet-preserved (70 % ethanol; Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Ophiuroidea) or dried (Asteroidea and Echinoidea). Results: The specimens are from the states of Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima, including two natural protected areas (NPAs), the Isabel Island National Park and the sanctuary of the Islands and Islets of Bahía de Chamela. The collection has 20 761 specimens of echinoderms distributed in 75 species (10 asteroids, 17 ophiuroids, 17 echinoids, and 31 holothuroids). The best-represented state is Jalisco (64 species), followed by Nayarit (31), Colima (20), and Sinaloa (11). Concerning the NPAs, Chamela is the best represented (60), followed by Isabel Island (22). Thirty-four new records are added; the largest contribution is for Chamela, with 14 new records, followed by the state of Jalisco (seven), Nayarit (four), Colima (three), and Isabel Island (three). For the CMP, the presence of Astropecten ornatissimus, Luidia phragma, Cucumaria crax, and Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae, is reported for the first time, updating the echinoderm richness to 197 species. The bathymetric distribution range of Ophiactis simplex, Ophiocomella alexandri, and Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae is extended, as well as the geographic range of Cucumaria crax. Conclusions: The biological collections deposited in the universities contribute substantially to the knowledge of biodiversity, as reflected in the LEMITAX collection, whose revision resulted in the updating of the echinoderm richness in the region.

Resumen Introducción: Las colecciones biológicas representan los cimientos para el conocimiento y manejo de la biodiversidad de una región. No obstante, en México, y en particular en el Pacífico central mexicano (PCM), las colecciones regionales enfocadas en equinodermos, son escasas. La colección biológica del Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX) pertenece al Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México y sirve como referencia de la biodiversidad marina de la región. Objetivo: Dar a conocer la riqueza de equinodermos resguardada en la colección del LEMITAX. Métodos: Los organismos depositados en LEMITAX se han recolectado mediante buceo libre, SCUBA, y arrastres de fondo con dragas biológicas en diversas áreas del Pacífico mexicano. Los especímenes están preservados en húmedo (alcohol al 70 %; Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea y Ophiuroidea) o en seco (Asteroidea y Echinoidea). Resultados: Los especímenes provienen de los estados de Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco y Colima, incluyendo dos áreas naturales protegidas, el Parque Nacional Isla Isabel y el Santuario de las islas e islotes de Bahía de Chamela. La colección dispone de 20 761 ejemplares de equinodermos distribuidos en 75 especies (10 asteroideos, 17 ofiuroideos, 17 equinoideos y 31 holoturoideos). El estado mejor representado es Jalisco (64 especies) seguido de Nayarit (31), Colima (20) y Sinaloa (11). Bahía de Chamela es la mejor representada (60), seguido de Isla Isabel (22). Se aportan 34 registros nuevos, la mayor contribución es para Bahía de Chamela con 14 registros nuevos, seguido del estado de Jalisco (siete), Nayarit (cuatro), Colima (tres) e Isla Isabel (tres). Para el PCM, se reporta por primera vez la presencia de Astropecten ornatissimus, Luidia phragma, Cucumaria crax y Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae, lo que actualiza su riqueza de equinodermos a 197 especies. Se amplía el intervalo de distribución batimétrica de Ophiactis simplex, Ophiocomella alexandri y Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae, así como el intervalo de distribución geográfica de Cucumaria crax. Conclusiones: Las colecciones biológicas de las universidades contribuyen de manera sustancial al conocimiento de la biodiversidad, como se refleja en la colección LEMITAX, cuya revisión resultó en la actualización de la riqueza de equinodermos de la región.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx is responsible for 0.7% of all malignant tumors worldwide, with the highest incidence in the population of southern China and Southeast Asia. The standard treatment for locally advanced disease consists of a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in different schedules. Among them, induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant radio-chemotherapy has shown in recent years to be a standard therapeutic option with high rates of locoregional control and overall survival. This paper aims to review the current evidence related to treatment with induction chemotherapy and subsequent radio-chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal cancer, its effectiveness, and the technical aspects of its applicability.

RESUMEN El carcinoma escamoso de nasofaringe es responsable del 0,7% del total de tumores malignos a nivel mundial, siendo la mayor incidencia vista en la población del sur de china y sudeste asiático. El tratamiento estándar para la enfermedad localmente avanzada consiste en la combinación de radioterapia y quimioterapia en diferentes secuencias. Dentro de ellas, la quimioterapia de inducción seguida de radio quimioterapia concomitante ha demostrado durante los últimos años ser una opción terapéutica estándar con altas tasas de control locorregional y sobrevida global. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar la evidencia actual relacionada al tratamiento del cáncer de nasofaringe con quimioterapia de inducción y radio quimioterapia, su efectividad y los aspectos técnicos para su aplicabilidad.

Abstract Background The treatment of acute ischemic stroke with cerebral reperfusion therapy requires rapid care and recognition of symptoms. Objective To analyze the effectiveness of implementing protocols for acute ischemic stroke in reducing care time. Methods Systematic review, which was performed with primary studies in Portuguese, English, and Spanish published between 2011 and 2020. Inclusion criteria: study population should comprise people with acute ischemic stroke and studies should present results on the effectiveness of using urgent care protocols in reducing care time. The bibliographic search was conducted in June 2020 in the LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, and SocINDEX databases. The articles were selected, and data were extracted by two independent reviewers; the synthesis of the results was performed narratively. The methodological quality of articles was evaluated through specific instruments proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results A total of 11,226 publications were found, of which 35 were included in the study. Only one study reported improvement in the symptoms-onset-to-door time after protocol implementation. The effectiveness of the therapeutic approach protocols for ischemic stroke was identified in improving door-to-image, image-to-needle, door-to-needle and symptoms-onset-to-needle times. The main limitation found in the articles concerned the lack of clarity in relation to the study population. Conclusions Several advances have been identified in in-hospital care with protocol implementation; however, it is necessary to improve the recognition time of stroke symptoms among those who have the first contact with the person affected by the stroke and among the professionals involved with the prehospital care. review Portuguese English 201 criteria 202 LILACS MEDLINE Embase Scopus CINAHL Premier databases selected reviewers narratively Institute 11226 11 226 11,22 3 symptomsonsettodoor onset door implementation doortoimage, doortoimage image, image door-to-image imagetoneedle, imagetoneedle needle, needle image-to-needle doortoneedle symptomsonsettoneedle times inhospital hospital however 20 1122 1 22 11,2 2 112 11,

Resumo Antecedentes O tratamento do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico com terapia de reperfusão requer rápido atendimento e reconhecimento dos sintomas. Objetivo Analisar a efetividade da implementação de protocolos para AVC isquêmico agudo na redução do tempo de atendimento. Métodos Revisão sistemática realizada com estudos primários em português, inglês e espanhol publicados entre 2011 e 2020. Critérios de inclusão: a população do estudo foi constituída por pessoas com AVC isquêmico agudo e estudos que apresentassem resultados sobre a efetividade da implantação de protocolos no tempo de atendimento. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em junho de 2020 nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier e SocINDEX. A seleção dos artigos e a extração dos dados foram feitas por dois revisores independentes; a síntese dos resultados foi feita de forma narrativa. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi avaliada por meio de instrumentos do Joanna Briggs Institute. Resultados Foram encontradas 11.226 publicações, das quais 35 foram incluídas no estudo. Apenas um estudo relatou melhora no tempo início dos sintomas-porta após a implementação do protocolo, no entanto, foi efetiva na melhora dos tempos porta-imagem, imagem-agulha, porta-agulha e início dos sintomas-agulha. A principal limitação encontrada nos artigos diz respeito à falta de clareza quanto à população de estudo. Conclusões Vários avanços foram identificados no atendimento intra-hospitalar com implantação de protocolo; porém, é necessário melhorar o tempo de reconhecimento dos sintomas do AVC entre aqueles que têm o primeiro contato com a pessoa acometida e entre os profissionais envolvidos com o atendimento pré-hospitalar. (AVC português 201 inclusão 202 LILACS MEDLINE Embase Scopus CINAHL SocINDEX independentes narrativa Institute 11226 11 226 11.22 publicações 3 sintomasporta porta protocolo entanto portaimagem, portaimagem imagem, imagem porta-imagem imagemagulha, imagemagulha agulha, agulha imagem-agulha portaagulha sintomasagulha. sintomasagulha agulha. sintomas-agulha intrahospitalar intra hospitalar porém préhospitalar. préhospitalar pré hospitalar. pré-hospitalar 20 1122 1 22 11.2 2 112 11.

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has claimed millions of lives. Adequate protection of the professionals involved in patient care is essential in the battle against this disease. However, there is much uncertainty involving safety-relarted topics that are of particular interest to the rhinologist in the context of COVID-19. Objective To evaluate the current evidence regarding three safety-related topics: mask and respirator use, performance of nasal endoscopic procedures, and use of topical nasal and intranasal medications (saline irrigation and nasal corticosteroids). Methods A literature review was performed on the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, with standardized search queries for each of the three topics of interest. Results In total, 13 articles on mask use, 6 articles on the safety of nasal corticosteroids, 6 articles on the safety of nasal endoscopic procedures, and 1 article on nasal irrigation with saline solution were included in the final analysis. Conclusion N95 respirators are essential for the adequate protection of otolaryngologists. If reuse is necessary, physical methods of sterilization must be employed. No evidence was found to contraindicate the use of nasal corticosteroids, whether acute (in the management of sinonasal inflammatory conditions) or continued (in patients who use them chronically). Nasal irrigation with saline solution apparently does not increase the risk in the context of COVID-19. Nasal endoscopic procedures should only be performed after testing the patient for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the surgical team must wear full personal protective equipment to prevent aerosol exposure.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica falha em controlar o refluxo gastroesofágico em quase 15% dos pacientes e a maioria deles deve ser reoperada devido aos sintomas. Diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido sugeridas. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar os resultados pós-operatórios de pacientes submetidos a 3 procedimentos diferentes: Reoperação e fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica apenas (Grupo A), reoperação e fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica combinado com gastrectomia distal (Grupo B) ou reoperação e conversão para Toupet laparoscópico combinado com gastrectomia distal e reconstrução em Y-Roux (Grupo C). MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo incluindo 77 pacientes submetidos inicialmente a fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica que apresentaram recidiva do refluxo gastroesofágico após a operação. Eles foram avaliados antes e após a reoperação com questionário clínico e estudos funcionais específicos. Reestabelecida a anatomia da junção esôfago-gástrica, procedeu-se às referidas cirurgias. Nenhum paciente perdeu seguimento. RESULTADOS: Os sintomas persistentes foram observados com maior frequência nos pacientes dos Grupos A ou B, associados à estenose da fundoplicatura, fundoplicatura intratorácico ou fundoplicatura torcida. No Grupo C, os sintomas recorrentes associados a essa alteração anatômica foram observados com pouca frequência. Esfincter esofágico inferior incompetente foi confirmado em 57,7% dos pacientes pertencentes ao Grupo A em comparação com 17,2% após fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica combinado com gastrectomia distal, e 26% após a Toupet laparoscópico combinado com gastrectomia distal e reconstrução em Y-Roux. Nesse grupo, apesar do alto percentual de pacientes com esfincter esofágico inferior incompetente, 8,7% apresentaram refluxo ácido anormal após a cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: As técnicas de Nissen ou Toupet combinados com a gastrectomia distal em Y de Roux são seguras e eficazes para o manejo da falha da fundoplicatura a Nissen. A técnica de Toupet é preferível para pacientes que sofrem principalmente com disfagia e dor.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication fails to control the gastroesophageal reflux in almost 15% of patients, and most of them must be reoperated due to postoperative symptoms. Different surgical options have been suggested. AIMS: This study aimed to present the postoperative outcomes of patients submitted to three different procedures: redo laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication alone (Group A), redo laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication combined with distal gastrectomy (Group B), or conversion to laparoscopic Toupet combined with distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy (Group C). METHODS: This is a prospective study involving 77 patients who were submitted initially to laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and presented recurrence of gastroesophageal reflux after the operation. They were evaluated before and after the reoperation with clinical questionnaire and objective functional studies. After reestablishing the anatomy of the esophagogastric junction, a surgery was performed. None of the patients were lost during follow-up. RESULTS: Persistent symptoms were observed more frequently in Group A or B patients, including wrap stricture, intrathoracic wrap, or twisted fundoplication. In Group C, recurrent symptoms associated with this anatomic alteration were infrequently observed. Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter was confirmed in 57.7% of patients included in Group A, compared to 17.2% after Nissen and distal gastrectomy and 26% after Toupet procedure plus distal gastrectomy. In Group C, despite the high percentage of patients with incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, 8.7% had abnormal acid reflux after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Nissen and Toupet procedures combined with Roux-en-Y distal gastrectomy are safe and effective for the management of failed Nissen fundoplication. However, Toupet technique is preferable for patients suffering from mainly dysphagia and pain.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o papel do agente de segurança penitenciária na assistência em HIV/aids no sistema prisional. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, cuja busca bibliográfica foi realizada com a utilização de vocabulários controlados e livres, derivados das palavras “agente de segurança penitenciária” e HIV/aids. O levantamento foi realizado nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, Cinahl e Scopus, Academic Search Premier e SocINDEX com a utilização dos operadores booleanos AND e OR. Os critérios de inclusão das produções científicas foram: estudos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol e que respondiam à questão norteadora do estudo. Excluíram-se os artigos duplicados, aqueles que não respondiam à pergunta do estudo e os estudos secundários. Resultados Foram recuperadas 3.036 publicações que passaram por três etapas de seleção, o que resultou em nove estudos incluídos na revisão. Quatro principais papéis desempenhados pelos agentes de segurança penitenciária na assistência em HIV/aids no sistema prisional foram identificados: regulação do acesso aos serviços médicos; colaboração e realização de atividade de prevenção à transmissão do HIV nos presídios, como distribuição de preservativos; realização de ações de educação em saúde; acompanhamento dos detentos em consultas, exames e internações externas à prisão; e planejamento de reposição de medicamentos. Conclusão Ao agente de segurança penitenciária, está previsto o auxílio aos profissionais de saúde na prevenção e tratamento do HIV/aids, encaminhamento e acompanhamento dos detentos aos atendimentos dentro e fora do sistema prisional, distribuição de preservativos, realização de ações de educação em saúde e ajuda na previsão de medicamentos.

Abstract Objective To analyze correctional officers’ role in HIV/AIDS care in the prison system. Methods This is a narrative literature review, whose bibliographical search was carried out using controlled and free vocabularies, derived from the words “correctional officer” and HIV/AIDS. The survey was carried out in the LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus, Academic Search Premier and SocINDEX databases using the Boolean operators AND and OR. Studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish that answered the study’s guiding question were included. Duplicate articles, those that did not answer the study question and secondary studies were excluded. Results A total of 3,036 publications were retrieved that went through three selection stages, which resulted in nine studies included in the review. Four main roles played by correctional officers in HIV/AIDS care in the prison system were identified: regulation of access to medical services; collaboration and performance of HIV transmission prevention activities in prisons such as condom distribution; carrying out health education actions; monitoring inmates in consultations, examinations and admissions outside the prison; and drug replacement planning. Conclusion Correctional officers are expected to assist healthcare professionals in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, referral and monitoring of inmates to care within and outside the prison system, distribution of condoms, carrying out health education actions and help in forecasting of medicines.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar el papel del agente de seguridad penitenciaria en la asistencia al VIH/sida en el sistema penitenciario. Métodos Se trata de una revisión narrativa de la literatura en la que la búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó con la utilización de vocabularios controlados y libres, derivados de las palabras “agente de seguridad penitenciaria” y VIH/sida. Se realizó el análisis en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, Cinahl y Scopus, Academic Search Premier y en SocINDEX, con la utilización de los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Los criterios de inclusión de las producciones científicas fueron: estudios publicados en portugués, inglés y español que respondían a la pregunta orientadora del estudio. Se excluyeron los artículos duplicados, los que no respondían a la pregunta del estudio y a los estudios secundarios. Resultados Se recuperaron 3.036 publicaciones que pasaron por tres etapas de selección, lo que resultó en nueve estudios incluidos en la revisión. Se identificaron cuatro principales papeles desempeñados por los agentes de seguridad penitenciaria en la asistencia al VIH/sida en el sistema penitenciario: regulación del acceso a los servicios médicos; colaboración y realización de actividad de prevención a la transmisión del VIH en los presidios, como la distribución de preservativos; realización de acciones de educación en salud; acompañamiento de los detenidos en consultas, exámenes e internaciones externas a la prisión; y planificación de la reposición de medicamentos. Conclusión Se prevé que el agente de seguridad penitenciaria auxilie a los profesionales de salud en la prevención y tratamiento del VIH/sida, encaminar y acompañar a los detenidos en las atenciones dentro y fuera del sistema penitenciario, distribución de preservativos, realización de acciones de educación en salud y ayuda en la previsión de medicamentos.

Resumo A Floresta Nacional do Tapajós vem prestando importante serviço ecossistêmico à sociedade desde a criação dessa Unidade de Conservação na Amazônia. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil climático de temperatura do ar em Belterra apontando evidência de serviço ecossistêmico de regulação térmica prestado pela Flona Tapajós na Amazônia. Duas normais climatológicas disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) foram utilizadas (1961 a 1990 e 1981 a 2010). Na primeira série história a Flona Tapajós já existia e na segunda consolida-se o polo de grãos no município. Fez-se análise de variância no programa R para comparar médias, extremas (máximas e mínimas) e amplitudes térmicas. Verificou-se semelhança estatística no primeiro semestre nas duas séries temporais com médias de 24,6 °C e 25,2 °C, máximas de 29,4 °C e 29,9 °C e, mínimas de 20,6 e 21,2 °C, respectivamente. No segundo semestre, as médias passaram de 25,2 °C para 26,0 °C, as máximas de 31,2 °C para 31,6 °C e as mínimas de 20,4 °C para 21,2 °C com significância estatística em aumento térmico entre 1981 a 2010. Entre outubro a dezembro as madrugadas ficaram mais quentes, evidenciando reduções de serviço ecossistêmico em regulação térmica prestado pela Flona Tapajós que pode estar associado à consolidação do polo de grãos em Belterra.

Abstract The Tapajós National Forest (Flona Tapajós) has been providing important ecosystem services to society since the creation of this Conservation Unit in the Amazon. This study analyzed two climatic series from Belterra to identify possible effects on the thermal regime in the municipality as a function of the proximity of the Flona Tapajós and the consolidated grain production center in western Pará. Two climatological normal datasets from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were analyzed (1961-1990 and 1981-2010). Analysis of variance was used to compare averages, extremes (minimums and maximums), and thermal amplitudes. Average temperature was 24.6 °C in the first semester (1961-1990) and 25.2 °C (1981-2010), with maximums of 29.4 °C and 29.9 °C, and minimums of 20.6 and 21.2 °C, respectively. There were no statistical differences in these comparisons. In the second semester the averages increased to 25.2 °C and 26.0 °C, and were statistically different, with maximums of 31.2 °C and 31.6 °C and minimums of 20.4 °C and 21.2 °C, indicating different thermal regimes during 1981-2010. Additionally, from October to December the nights were warmer. The Flona Tapajós may have experienced a reduction in provision of ecosystem services, and the increase in minimum temperatures could be associated with grain production activities in the region.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento das competências essenciais de gestão através dos processos de desenvolvimento promovidos pelos diretivos das instituições do Ensino Superior ligadas à formação de gestores das atividades do turismo, as viagens e as atividades hoteleiras, é um desafio, pois na atualidade as metodologias estabelecidas neste respeito são deficientes. Por conseguinte, é necessário propor as bases teórico-metodológicas, bem como a definição de componentes metodológicas e orçamentos para a sua melhoria contínua no ensino superior. Portanto, este documento está orientado para a concepção de uma metodologia para o desenvolvimento de competências essenciais de gestão da educação turística, utilizando diferentes ferramentas entre as quais se destacam jornadas e questionários. O diagnóstico estratégico da situação atual destes gestores e a sua influência sobre os futuros gestores da atividade no sector e na academia permitiu identificar as variáveis que condicionam o desenho, bem como as regularidades do mesmo. É então proposta, uma metodologia para o desenvolvimento de competências essenciais de gestão, baseada em três componentes e quatro fases fundamentais.

ABSTRACT The development of essential management skills through the development processes promoted by the managers of Higher Education Institutions linked to the training of managers of tourism, travel and hospitality activities, constitutes a challenge since the methodologies that have been established in this sense are currently insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to propose the theoretical-methodological bases, as well as the definition of methodological components and budgets for its continuous improvement in higher education. Therefore, this paper is oriented to the design of a methodology for the development of essential management skills in tourism education, using different tools, among which workshops and questionnaires stand out. The strategic diagnosis of the current situation of these managers and their influence on the future managers of the activity in the sector and the academy allowed the identification of the variables that condition the design, as well as the regularities of the same. A methodology for the development of essential management skills is then proposed, based on three components and four fundamental steps.

RESUMEN El desarrollo de habilidades directivas esenciales a través de los procesos de desarrollo promovidos por los directivos de las Instituciones de Educación Superior vinculadas a la formación de gestores de las actividades del turismo, los viajes y la hospitalidad, constituye un reto ya que en la actualidad son insuficientes las metodologías que se han establecido en tal sentido. Por ello, se hace necesario proponer las bases teórico-metodológicas, así como la definición de componentes y presupuestos metodológicos para su mejora continua en la educación superior. Por ello, la presente se orienta al diseño de una metodología para el desarrollo de habilidades directivas esenciales desde la formación en turismo, empleando distintas herramientas entre las que se destacan los talleres y los cuestionarios. El diagnóstico estratégico de la situación actual de estos directivos y su influencia en los futuros gestores de la actividad en el sector y la academia permitieron la identificación de las variables que condicionan el diseño, así como las regularidades del mismo. Se propone entonces una metodología para el desarrollo de habilidades directivas esenciales, a partir de tres componentes y cuatro etapas fundamentales.

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación de nanopartículas de óxido de hierro obtenidas a partir del extracto acuosos de Eucalyptus grandis. Se realizaron 23 experimentos donde la síntesis de nanopartículas se realizó por medio del uso del extracto acuoso junto con sales de cloruro de hierro (II) tetrahidratado y cloruro de hierro (III) hexahidratado. Se llevó a cabo una caracterización por medio de IR, TEM y BET, donde se presentaron bandas a 3440.77, 1559.26 y 445.31 cm-1, indicando presencia de nanopartículas de óxido de hierro. Se evidenció una monodispersidad relativamente alta con partículas alrededor de 9 nm. Por medio de análisis BET se encontró que presenta un área superficial de 131.90 m2/g. La obtención de nanopartículas mediante este método verde presenta valores de rendimiento del 98%, con aplicación en nanotecnología, biomedicina, tratamiento medioambiental, entre otros por lo cual son altamente versátiles y su costo de producción es relativamente bajo.

Abstract This paper presents the evaluation of iron oxide nanoparticles obtained from the aqueous extract of Eucalyptus grandis. 23 experiments were performed where the synthesis of nanoparticles was carried out by using the aqueous extract together with salts of iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate. Characterization was carried out using IR, TEM and BET, where bands at 3440.77, 1559.26 and 445.31 cm-1 were presented, indicating the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles. Relatively high monodispersity with particles around 9 nm was evident. By means of BET analysis it was found that it presents a surface area of 131,897 m2 / g. The obtaining of nanoparticles by this green method presents yield values around 98%, with application in nanotechnology, biomedicine, environmental treatment, among others, for which they are highly versatile and their production cost is relatively low.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In 2019, there was the 50th anniversary of the appointment of Dr. Carlos Eduardo Albert Chacón as Director of Dr. Enrique Cabrera General Teaching Hospital. Objective: To spread his qualities, values, experiences and knowledge throughout his whole successful life. Development: His studies taken at all levels and his medical studies; his Rural Social Medical Service, concerns and unconditional dedication to the Revolution; his internationalist missions, activities and scientific category as well as his professional career at “Dr. Enrique Cabrera” General Teaching Hospital where he worked as director and President of the Scientific Board for more than ten years until 2016 are highlighted in this work. Conclusions: His positive attitude towards life which was plenty of human values and revolutionary thoughts and actions has been an irrefutable guide for the young generations that he has educated with his example, ethics and professional level.

RESUMEN Introducción: En 2019, se cumplieron 50 años de la designación como director del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Enrique Cabrera” del Dr. Carlos Eduardo Albert Chacón. Objetivo: Divulgar sus cualidades y valores, experiencias y conocimientos durante toda su fructífera vida. Desarrollo: Sus estudios cursados en todos los niveles y en la Carrera de Medicina; sus distintos cargos, Servicio Médico Social Rural, sus inquietudes revolucionarias, primero, y luego su incondicionalidad a la Revolución, misiones internacionalistas, actividades y categorías científicas, y su trayectoria en el Hospital “Dr. Enrique Cabrera”, en el que fuera director, así como Presidente del Consejo Científico durante más de diez años hasta 2016. Conclusiones: La actitud de vanguardia de su vida, plena de valores humanos y revolucionarios. Guía incuestionable para las jóvenes generaciones, a las que ha formado con su ejemplo, ética y nivel profesional.

ABSTRACT Rheumatoid meningitis (RM) is a rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RM mimics many other conditions such as subdural empyema, unsteady gait, focal brain dysfunction, stroke, relapsing-remitting motor signs, headache, neuropsychiatric disorders, seizures, parkinsonism, and meningeal tumors. RM is considered a disease with poor prognosis. However, cases reported in the last decade show a good outcome. We report two cases with a favorable outcome. A 48-year-old man with a three-year history of RA admitted for headache, sensory disturbances, and speech difficulties. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left parietal subdural laminar lesion with restricted diffusion and a small left superior frontal acute infarction. A subdural empyema was originally suspected, and antimicrobials were prescribed. A follow-up MRI did not show progression of the subdural lesion and the patient was discharged 14 days after admission without focal deficits. A 44-year-old female patient with two years of seronegative RA was admitted for severe headache, confusion, nausea and vomiting. Brain MRI showed subtle supra and infratentorial leptomeningeal involvement and a left cerebellar acute infarct. A meningoencephalitis due to etanercept was initially thought and treated with dexamethasone. The patient was discharged but had to be admitted again and a new MRI showed a progression of the leptomeningeal involvement. She worsened and required endotracheal intubation. Cyclophosphamide was started and the patient became asymptomatic three months later. We propose that treatment should not be delayed waiting a biopsy when a diagnosis of RM is made and after a cerebrospinal fluid infection has been ruled out.

Meningitis reumatoide es una complicación rara de la artritis reumatoide. Esta enfermedad simula varias afecciones neurológicas, como empiema subdural, marcha inestable, accidente cerebrovascular, signos motores recurrentes-remitentes, cefalea, trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, convulsiones, parkinsonismo y tumores de las meninges. Es considerada de mal pronóstico, sin embargo, casos en la última década muestran lo contrario. Informamos dos casos con buen pronóstico. Un hombre de 48 años con tres años de artritis reumatoide ingresado por cefalea, trastornos sensoriales y dificultades del habla. La resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral mostró una lesión laminar subdural parietal izquierda y un pequeño infarto agudo frontal izquierdo. Inicialmente se sospechó un empiema subdural y se trató con antibióticos. Una RM de control no mostró progresión de la lesión subdural y el paciente fue dado de alta 14 días después del ingreso sin déficit focales. Una mujer de 44 años con dos años de artritis reumatoide seronegativa fue ingresada por cefalea, confusión náuseas y vómitos. La RM cerebral mostró un compromiso sutil leptomeníngeo supra e infratentorial y un infarto agudo cerebeloso izquierdo. Inicialmente se consideró una meningoencefalitis debido a etanercept y se trató con dexametasona. Fue dada de alta pero debió ingresar al hospital nuevamente y una nueva RM mostró progresión del compromiso leptomeníngeo. Ella se agravó y requirió intubación endotraqueal. Se inició ciclofosfamida y la paciente se hizo asintomática tres meses después. Proponemos que el tratamiento no debe retrasarse esperando una biopsia de meninges cuando se realiza un diagnóstico clínico de meningitis reumatoide, después de descartar infecciones meníngeas.

ABSTRACT Background: COVID-19 pandemic caused increased workload and stress for health professionals involved in the care of such patients. We aimed to describe the health-related quality of life, and burnout in frontline physicians diagnosed with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted during the first-wave phase of COVID19, from September to October 2020. Questionnaires were sent electronically to 450 physicians from State of Bahia, assessing symptoms of anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and burnout syndrome. For the categorical variables, the Pearson’s chi-square test was used and difference between means was compare using the Mann-Whitney test. was Groups with and without anxiety symptoms were compared using prevalence ratios (PR). Pearson’s correlation measured the correlation between WHOQOL-BREF and MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) domains. The Fisher r-to-z transformation was used to assess the significance of the difference between two correlation coefficients. The significance level was <0.05. Results: Out of the 450 physicians, 223 (49,6%) completely answered the questionnaire and 38 (17%) showed symptoms of anxiety. Physicians with anxiety had higher scores in emotional exhaustion (EE) (38.31 ± 8.59 vs 25.31±0.87; p = 0.0001) and depersonalization (DP) (9.0 ± 5.6 vs 5.9 ± 5.3; p = 0.001) domains, and lower scores in personal accomplishment (PA) (32.1 ± 8.2 vs 36.3 ± 7.6; p = 0.004), than those without anxiety. All correlations between WHOQOL-BREF domains and MBI in physicians without anxiety were significant (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Physicians with anxiety showed more emotional exhaustion, less personal accomplishment, and lower quality of life. All domains of WHOQOL BREF were correlated with all MBI domains among physicians without anxiety. Differences in correlation according to anxiety were remarkable in psychological HOQOL BREF domain and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization MBI domains. The effect of anxiety leading to poorer levels of perceived health needs to be further investigated.

RESUMO Objetivo A deficiência de ferro e de vitamina A são duas das principais deficiências de micronutrientes, sendo que ambos são essenciais para a vida humana e o desenvolvimento das crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da deficiência de vitamina A na expressão de ferritina e o receptor de transferrina e sua relação com a deficiência de ferro. Métodos Cinco dietas com diferentes proporções de vitamina A para ferro foram administradas a 35 ratos Wistar machos de 21 dias de vida (sete animais por grupo). Os animais receberam a dieta por seis semanas antes de serem eutanasiados. Os níveis séricos de ferro e retinol foram medidos como parâmetros bioquímicos. Duodeno, baço e fígado foram analisados quanto à expressão de ferritina e o receptor de transferrina por Western Blotting. Resultados Em relação aos parâmetros bioquímicos, os resultados mostram que quando a vitamina A e o ferro são insuficientes, o teor de ferro sérico (74.74µg/dL) é significativamente menor do que no grupo controle (255.86µg/dL). Os resultados também mostram que a deficiência de vitamina A não influencia a expressão do receptor da transferrina, mas da ferritina. Conclusão A deficiência de vitamina A regula a expressão de ferritina em ratos Wistar machos jovens.

ABSTRACT Objective Iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are two of the main micronutrient deficiencies. Both micronutrients are essential for human life and children's development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin A deficiency on ferritin and transferrin receptors' expression and its relationship with iron deficiency. Methods Five diets with different vitamin A-to-iron ratios were given to thirty five 21-day-old male Wistar rats (separated in groups of seven animals each). The animals received the diet for six weeks before being euthanized. Serum iron and retinol levels were measured as biochemical parameters. Their duodenums, spleens, and livers were analyzed for the expression of ferritin and transferrin receptors by Western Blotting. Results Regarding biochemical parameters, the results show that when both vitamin A and iron are insufficient, the serum iron content (74.74µg/dL) is significantly lower than the control group (255.86µg/dL). The results also show that vitamin A deficiency does not influence the expression of the transferrin receptor, but only of the ferritin one. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency regulates the expression of ferritin in young male Wistar rats.