BACKGROUND Leishmania tarentolae is a non-pathogenic species found in lizards representing an important model for Leishmania biology. However, several aspects of this Sauroleishmania remain unknown to explain its low level of virulence. OBJECTIVES We reported several aspects of L. tarentolae biology including glycoconjugates, proteolytic activities and metabolome composition in comparison to pathogenic species (Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major). METHODS Parasites were cultured for extraction and purification of lipophosphoglycan (LPG), immunofluorescence probing with anti-gp63 and resistance against complement. Parasite extracts were also tested for proteases activity and metabolome composition. FINDINGS Leishmania tarentolae does not express LPG on its surface. It expresses gp63 at lower levels compared to pathogenic species and, is highly sensitive to complement-mediated lysis. This species also lacks intracellular/extracellular activities of proteolytic enzymes. It has metabolic differences with pathogenic species, exhibiting a lower abundance of metabolites including ABC transporters, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and steroids, TCA cycle, glycine/serine/threonine metabolism, glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism and pentose-phosphate pathways. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The non-pathogenic phenotype of L. tarentolae is associated with alterations in several biochemical and molecular features. This reinforces the need of comparative studies between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of virulence during host-parasite interactions. nonpathogenic non However L glycoconjugates amazonensis braziliensis major. major . major) LPG, , (LPG) antigp63 antigp anti gp anti-gp6 complement surface gp6 complementmediated mediated lysis intracellularextracellular intracellular extracellular enzymes transporters steroids cycle glycineserinethreonine glycine serine threonine glyoxylatedicarboxylate glyoxylate dicarboxylate pentosephosphate pentose phosphate pathways features hostparasite host parasite interactions (LPG antigp6 anti-gp

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia das abordagens hormonais e não hormonais para os sintomas de disfunção sexual e atrofia vaginal em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Fontes de Dados Pesquisamos as bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), assim como bancos de dados de ensaios clínicos. Foram analisados estudos publicados entre 1996 e 30 de maio de 2020. Nenhuma restrição de idioma foi aplicada. Seleção dos Estudos Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliavam o tratamento das disfunções sexuais em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Coleta de Dados Três autores (ACAS, APFC e JL), revisaram cada artigo com base em seu título e resumo. Os dados relevantes foram posteriormente retirados do texto completo do artigo. Quaisquer discrepâncias durante a revisão foram resolvidas por consenso entre todos os autores listados. Síntese dos Dados Ao todo, 55 estudos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática. As abordagens testadas para tratar a disfunção sexual foram: lubrificantes e hidratantes (18 estudos); fitoestrogênios (14 estudos); deidroepiandrosterona (DHEA; 8 estudos); ospemifeno (5 estudos); testosterona vaginal (4 estudos); exercícios para os músculos do assoalho pélvico (2 estudos); oxitocina (2 estudos);laser de CO2 vaginal (2 estudos); lidocaína (1 estudo), e vitamina E vaginal (1 estudo). Conclusão Identificou-se falta de coerência na literatura quanto aos tratamentos propostos e medidas de resultados selecionadas. Apesar da grande diversidade de modalidades de tratamento e medidas de resultados, esta revisão sistemática pode lançar luz sobre alvos potenciais para o tratamento, que é considerado necessário para a disfunção sexual, assumindo que a maioria dos estudos randomizados foi avaliada com baixo risco de viés de acordo com a ferramenta de avaliação de risco de viés de Cochrane Collaboration. Esta revisão tem cadastro no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42018100488). pósmenopausa. pósmenopausa pós menopausa. menopausa pós-menopausa PubMed Embase Scopus Science SciELO CENTRAL, CENTRAL , (CENTRAL) CINAHL, CINAHL (CINAHL) 199 3 2020 aplicada ACAS, ACAS (ACAS JL, JL JL) resumo listados todo 5 18 estudos) 14 DHEA (DHEA ( 4 2 estudoslaser laser CO 1 estudo, estudo estudo) estudo. . Identificouse Identificou se selecionadas Collaboration PROSPERO (PROSPERO CRD42018100488. CRD42018100488 CRD CRD42018100488) (CENTRAL (CINAHL 19 202 CRD4201810048 20 CRD420181004 CRD42018100 CRD4201810 CRD420181 CRD42018 CRD4201 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the hormonal and nonhormonal approaches to symptoms of sexual dysfunction and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Data Sources We conducted a search on the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases, as well as on clinical trial databases. We analyzed studies published between 1996 and May 30, 2020. No language restrictions were applied. Selection of Studies We selected randomized clinical trials that evaluated the treatment of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Data Collection Three authors (ACAS, APFC, and JL) reviewed each article based on its title and abstract. Relevant data were subsequently taken from the full-text article. Any discrepancies during the review were resolved by consensus between all the listed authors. Data Synthesis A total of 55 studies were included in the systematic review. The approaches tested to treat sexual dysfunction were as follows: lubricants and moisturizers (18 studies); phytoestrogens (14 studies); dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; 8 studies); ospemifene (5 studies); vaginal testosterone (4 studies); pelvic floor muscle exercises (2 studies); oxytocin (2 studies); vaginal CO2 laser (2 studies); lidocaine (1 study); and vitamin E vaginal suppository (1 study). Conclusion We identified literature that lacks coherence in terms of the proposed treatments and selected outcome measures. Despite the great diversity in treatment modalities and outcome measures, the present systematic review can shed light on potential targets for the treatment, which is deemed necessary for sexual dysfunction, assuming that most randomized trials were evaluated with a low risk of bias according to the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The present review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42018100488). women PubMed Embase Scopus Science SciELO CENTRAL, CENTRAL , (CENTRAL) CINAHL (CINAHL databases 199 30 2020 applied ACAS, ACAS (ACAS APFC JL abstract fulltext full text 5 follows 18 studies) 14 DHEA (DHEA ( 4 2 CO 1 study study) study. . measures tool PROSPERO (PROSPERO CRD42018100488. CRD42018100488 CRD CRD42018100488) (CENTRAL 19 3 202 CRD4201810048 20 CRD420181004 CRD42018100 CRD4201810 CRD420181 CRD42018 CRD4201 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

ABSTRACT Acute vulvar ulcer (Lipschütz’s ulcer) is a rare lesion with local hyperimmunoreactivity triggered by infection, which is characterized by acute, painful, and necrotic ulcerations. This condition is usually found in non-sexually active adolescents, and it resolves spontaneously. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman who was diagnosed with COVID-19 who did not have severe symptoms, but had high levels of D-dimer for 9 days. The COVID-19 diagnosis was followed by the appearance of an acute, necrotic, extremely painful vulvar ulcer, although symptoms caused by COVID-19 had improved. We emphasize the importance of the differential diagnosis to exclude diseases such as Behçet’s syndrome, Sexually Transmitted Infections, as well as the presence of viruses that generally trigger Lipschütz’s ulcer, such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. No treatment is usually necessary, however, in the present report due to the pain experienced by the patient, we successfully used oral prednisone.

Contexto: Apesar de su naturaleza ubicua, la práctica del cateterismo venoso periférico no es homogénea en contextos clínicos internacionales. En Portugal, la información sobre la práctica del cateterismo venoso periférico está dispersa en la literatura, haciéndolo imposible un análisis lo suficientemente completo de su naturaleza e implicaciones. Objetivos: Mapear los estudios realizados en Portugal en el ámbito del cateterismo venoso periférico. Método de revisión: Metodología de scoping review propuesta por Joanna Briggs Institute. Se definió un protocolo adecuado a cada base/repositorio para identificar estudios que respondan a los criterios delineados. El proceso de análisis da relevancia, extracción y síntesis de los datos será desarrollado por revisores independientes. Presentación e interpretación de los resultados: El mapeo de los estudios realizados en Portugal en esta área contribuirá a la identificación de los principales indicadores de estructura, proceso y resultado descritos en estudios nacionales. Conclusión: Se espera que esta revisión contribuya al desarrollo de futuras intervenciones y revisiones sistemáticas que mejoren la eficacia/seguridad de la atención del paciente con catéter periférico.

Contexto: Apesar da sua natureza ubíqua, a prática de cateterização venosa periférica não é homogénea entre contextos clínicos internacionais. Em Portugal, a informação referente à prática de cateterismo venoso periférico encontra-se dispersa na literatura, impossibilitando uma análise suficientemente compreensiva e abrangente da sua natureza e implicações. Objetivos: Mapear os estudos realizados em Portugal no âmbito do cateterismo venoso periférico. Método de revisão: Metodologia de scoping review proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Foi definido um protocolo adequado a cada base/repositório, que visa a identificação de estudos que respondam aos critérios delineados. O processo de análise da relevância, extração e síntese dos dados será desenvolvido por revisores independentes. Apresentação e interpretação dos resultados: O mapeamento dos estudos realizados em Portugal neste âmbito contribuirá para a identificação dos principais indicadores de estrutura, processo e resultado descritos em estudos nacionais. Conclusão: Espera-se que esta revisão sustente o desenvolvimento de intervenções e revisões sistemáticas futuras que potenciem a eficácia/segurança dos cuidados prestados ao doente com cateter periférico.

Background: Despite its ubiquitous nature, the practice of peripheral venous catheterization is not homogeneous among international clinical contexts. In Portugal, the information regarding the practice of peripheral venous catheterization is scattered in the literature, hindering efforts of a comprehensive analysis of its nature and implications. Objetive: To map the studies developed in Portugal in the field of peripheral venous catheterization. Review method: Scoping review methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. An adequate protocol was established for each base/repository in order to identify studies that meet the criteria outlined. The analysis of data relevance, extraction and synthesis will be performed by independent reviewers. Presentation and interpretation of results: the mapping of the studies carried out in Portugal in this area will contribute to the identification of the main indicators of structure, process and outcome described in national studies. Conclusion: It is expected that this review will support the development of future interventions and systematic reviews that enhance the efficacy/safety of the care provided to patients with peripheral catheter.

«Vulvovaginitis» are one of the main reasons that lead women to visit their gynecologist. Most physicians in this area tend to base their diagnostic evaluation on the signs, symptoms and physical examination of the patient, overlooking the microscopic evaluation of the vaginal discharge. This practice leads to a high percentage of underdiagnosed «vulvovaginitis». Cytolytic vaginosis is one of these rarely diagnosed pathologies, due to the fact that it mimics vulvovaginal candidiasis

Overview and Aims: The concept of "genitourinary syndrome of menopause" (GUSM), created in 2013, is widely used, despite the lack of studies and validation. This survey intended to evaluate the knowledge, agreement and concerns of Portuguese gynaecologists about it. Study design, population and methods: An online survey was sent to Portuguese gynaecologists (all the members of the Portuguese Society of Gynaecology, personal contacts and specific groups in social networks). Results: Out of 118 completed surveys, 66.1% belonged to specialists and 43.9% to residents. It was reported by 83.9% that they were acquainted with the GUSM, without differences between specialists and residents (85.0% vs. 83.3%, p=1.000). Most (66.7%) use "vaginal atrophy" or "atrophic vaginitis" in their daily practice; GUSM is used by 6.1% and 27.3% use both denominations. Considering "0" to be total disagreement and "10" total agreement, the justifications for the creation of this syndrome were rated as follows: "vaginitis implies infection or inflammation, which is not always the case" 8.1±2.57; "urinary signs and symptoms tend to be overlooked" 6.4±2.96; "atrophy has a negative connotation" 4.7±3.46 and "vagina is not generally a well-accepted term by women and the media" 3.4±3.41. It was considered by 37.9% that it may lead to sub-diagnosis/no diagnosis of sexual dysfunction; of vulvar pathology by 32.6% and of urinary tract pathology by 23.7%. Globally, 77.8% agree with the concept of GUSM, without differences between specialists and residents (80.0% vs. 73.5%, p=0.459); 75.4% consider that they will use it in the future (residents 57.9% vs. specialists 83.3%, p=0.053). Conclusion: Most Portuguese gynaecologists are aware of the concept of GUSM, and intend to use it the future, despite not fully agreeing with the assumptions that led to its creation.

BACKGROUND Malaria persists as a major public health problem. Atovaquone is a drug that inhibits the respiratory chain of Plasmodium falciparum, but with serious limitations like known resistance, low bioavailability and high plasma protein binding. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to perform molecular modelling studies of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones analogues of atovaquone on the Qo site of P. falciparum cytochrome bc1 complex (Pfbc1) to suggest structural modifications that could improve their antimalarial activity. METHODS We have built the homology model of the cytochrome b (CYB) and Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP) subunits from Pfbc1 and performed the molecular docking of 41 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones with known in vitro antimalarial activity and predicted to act on this target. FINDINGS Results suggest that large hydrophobic R2 substituents may be important for filling the deep hydrophobic Qo site pocket. Moreover, our analysis indicates that the H-donor 2-hydroxyl group may not be crucial for efficient binding and inhibition of Pfbc1 by these atovaquone analogues. The C1 carbonyl group (H-acceptor) is more frequently involved in the important hydrogen bonding interaction with His152 of the Rieske ISP subunit. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Additional interactions involving residues such as Ile258 and residues required for efficient catalysis (e.g., Glu261) could be explored in drug design to avoid development of drug resistance by the parasite.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever os principais achados ultrassonográficos da febre chikungunya no tornozelo. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal e observacional com 52 pacientes encaminhados ao Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto com quadros clínico e laboratorial compatíveis com febre chikungunya. Os exames foram realizados por um radiologista com mais de 20 anos de experiência no método. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (88,5%) e média de idade dos pacientes de 58,4 anos. A maioria dos doentes (61,5%) era proveniente da zona norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e fazia uso de esteroides (46,2%) para o tratamento dos sintomas inflamatórios. As alterações ultrassonográficas mais comuns foram: derrame articular (69,2%), tenossinovites (59,6%), celulite (46,2%), espessamento da gordura de Kager (29,9%), miosite (sóleo e/ou flexor longo do hálux) (17,3%), bursite retrocalcânea (5,8%), roturas tendíneas (3,8%) e hiperfluxo vascular pelo Doppler de amplitude (3,8%). Conclusão: Predominaram os sinais ultrassonográficos de sinovite e tenossinovite numa população majoritariamente do sexo feminino e com idade média de 58,4 anos. Sugere-se a realização de outros estudos para definição do papel da ultrassonografia no acompanhamento desses doentes.

Abstract Objective: To describe the main ultrasound findings of chikungunya fever in the ankle. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 52 patients referred to the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto and presenting with clinical and biochemical evidence of chikungunya fever. The examinations were performed by a radiologist with more than 20 years of experience in ultrasound. Results: The predominant gender was female (in 88.5%), and the mean age was 58.4 years. The majority (61.5%) of the patients came from the northern part of the city of Rio de Janeiro, and 46.2% were using corticosteroids to treat inflammatory symptoms. The most common alterations observed by ultrasound were joint effusion (in 69.2%), tenosynovitis (in 59.6%), cellulitis (in 46.2%), Kager's fat pad thickening (in 29.9%), myositis (of the soleus or flexor hallucis longus muscle) (in 17.3%), retrocalcaneal bursitis (in 5.8%), tendon ruptures (in 3.8%), and increased vascular flow on power Doppler (in 3.8%). Conclusion: Signs of synovitis and tenosynovitis were the main ultrasound findings in a predominantly female population with a mean age of 58.4 years. Further studies are needed in order to define the role of ultrasound in the follow-up of such patients.

Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV) is a well characterized clinical syndrome of unknown aetiology and pathogenesis. It presents as a diffuse exudative vaginitis, with pain, profuse purulent discharge and epithelial cells exfoliation. Diagnosis is often difficult, since it shares several characteristics with other vulvovaginal inflammatory disorders. Wet mount plays a key role, presenting a marked increase in leukocytes and parabasal cells; pH is elevated (>4.5). The exclusion of other causes of purulent vaginitis is mandatory for the diagnosis. Although the treatment can be a challenge, often requiring maintenance since relapse is common, good results are described with topical clindamycin and corticosteroids.

The classification of vulvodynia has been recently revised. This article highlights the main changes that were introduced: for the first time, a minimum duration of symptoms (3 months) was included in the definition; women with other vulvar conditions (e.g. lichen sclerosus) are no longer excluded from a possible diagnosis of vulvodynia; a list of possible associated factors was added to the document; new discriminators were included (onset and temporal pattern) and the term "non-provoked vulvodynia" was replaced by "spontaneous vulvodynia".

Aesthetic vulvar and vaginal surgery have been increasing in the last few years. The same procedure can be found under several designations, as well as different designations might refer to the same procedure. Despite the increasing number of patients seeking these procedures, there is a lack of scientific basis for the performance of most of it, as well as of good follow-up studies in terms of complications. It is important to distinguish cases of plastic surgery needed for the treatment of vulvar lesions or correction of symptomatic hypertrophic labia minora, pelvic organs prolapse or urinary incontinence from pure aesthetic surgery, just to pursue a sometimes unrealistic model of perfection. Despite the easiness of performance of most of these procedures, the chance of complications must always be kept in mind. A psychological evaluation of the women candidate to genital aesthetic surgery should be considered in most cases.

A infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii tem sido diagnosticada em suínos em todo o mundo. Perdas econômicas geralmente estão relacionadas a distúrbios reprodutivos. A infecção pelo Toxoplasma tem também importância em saúde pública, já que cistos teciduais do parasito podem persistir na carne e subprodutos oriundos de suínos, que servirão de fontes de infecção para o ser humano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a frequência e os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo Toxoplasma em granjas de reprodutores suídeos certificados ou não da microrregião de Toledo, no Paraná, que inclui os municípios de Toledo, Nova Santa Rosa, São José das Palmeiras e São Pedro do Iguaçú. A frequência relativa de infecção foi 13,4%, sem diferença com o tipo de granja. A análise de regressão logística demonstrou os seguintes fatores associados à infecção: não utilização de funcionários separados por área da granja, o acesso de animais ao cocho de ração e ao reservatório de água, a não utilização de tampa neste reservatório, a não prevenção de roedores, o número e peso médio de leitões ao desmame por porca.

Toxoplasma gondii infection has been diagnosed in pigs all over the world. Economical losses are generally related to reproductive disorders. Toxoplasma infection is also a matter of public health because tissue cysts of the parasite may remain in pork and pork products, and become sources of human infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, in the State of Paraná, Brazil which includes the cities of Toledo, Nova Santa Rosa, Sao José das Palmeiras and Sao Pedro do Iguaçu. Relative frequency of infection was 13.4%, independently of the type of farm. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with infection: absence of workers exclusive for each area of the farm, access of other animals to feeders and drinkers, lack of lids in drinkers, lack of rodent control measures, mean piglet number and weight at weaning per female.

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil do cliente com doença renal crônica em tratamento conservador no Ambulatório Multidisciplinar do Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro. MÉTODOS: O estudo é descritivo tendo sido analisados 72 prontuários de pacientes atendidos nos anos de 2006 a 2008. Os dados foram processados eletronicamente com o auxílio dos programas EXCEL 2007 e SPSS 13.0. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi 59 + 14 anos sendo 60% do sexo feminino. Em relação à escolaridade, 42% tinham ensino fundamental incompleto. A maior parte encontrava-se no estágio 4 da doença renal crônica, sendo as principais doenças de base o diabetes mellitus e a hipertensão arterial. Mais de 80% usavam anti-hipertensivos, e mais da metade usava diuréticos. O sintoma predominante foi a noctúria. Apenas em sete pacientes foi confeccionada fístula artério-venosa. CONCLUSÃO: A população atendida no referido ambulatório consistiu, na sua maior parte de pacientes na quinta ou sexta década de vida, com predominância do sexo feminino. A maioria encontrava-se no estágio 4 da classificação do DOQI para doença renal crônica sendo diabetes a principal causa da doença renal.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic profile of individuals with chronic renal disease from a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic of the Antonio Pedro University Teaching Hospital. METHOD: This descriptive study consists of a review of medical records of 72 patients from 2006 to 2008. EXCEL 2007 and SPSS 13.0 were used for data management and analysis. RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 59 + 14 years, 60% of them were female, and a great number (42%) incomplete elementary education. The majority of them had stage 4 chronic renal disease. The primary underlying diseases were diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. Over 80% of the participants were taking antihypertensive medication, and more than a half were taking diuretics. Nocturia was the most common symptoms among the participants. Only 7 individuals had arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: The majority of the sample of participants consisted of women in their 50s or 60s who had stage 4 chronic renal diseases per DOQI classification, and diabetes mellitus was the main cause of renal disease.

OBJETIVO: Describir el perfil del cliente con enfermedad renal crónica en tratamiento conservador en Consultorio Externo Multidisciplinario del Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron 72 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en los años de 2006 a 2008. Los dados fueron procesados electrónicamente con la ayuda de los programas EXCEL 2007 y SPSS 13.0. RESULTADOS: El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue entre 59 + 14 años siendo el 60% del sexo femenino. En relación a la escolaridad, el 42% tenían primaria incompleta. La mayor parte se encontraba en la fase 4 de la enfermedad renal crónica, siendo las principales enfermedades de base la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial. Más del 80% usaban anti-hipertensivos, y más de la mitad usaba diuréticos. El síntoma predominante fue la nicturia. Apenas en siete pacientes se confeccionó una fístula arterio-venosa. CONCLUSIÓN: La población atendida en el referido consultorio externo consistió, en su mayor parte de pacientes que se encontraban entre la quinta y sexta década de su vida, con predominancia del sexo femenino. La mayoría se encontraba en la fase 4 de la clasificación del DOQI para enfermedad renal crónica siendo la diabetes la principal causa de la enfermedad renal.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic profile of individuals with chronic renal disease from a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic of the Antonio Pedro University Teaching Hospital. METHOD: This descriptive study consists of a review of medical records of 72 patients from 2006 to 2008. EXCEL 2007 and SPSS 13.0 were used for data management and analysis. RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 59 + 14 years, 60% of them were female, and a great number (42%) incomplete elementary education. The majority of them had stage 4 chronic renal disease. The primary underlying diseases were diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. Over 80% of the participants were taking antihypertensive medication, and more than a half were taking diuretics. Nocturia was the most common symptoms among the participants. Only 7 individuals had arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: The majority of the sample of participants consisted of women in their 50s or 60s who had stage 4 chronic renal diseases per DOQI classification, and diabetes mellitus was the main cause of renal disease.

OBJETIVO: Describir el perfil del cliente con enfermedad renal crónica en tratamiento conservador en Consultorio Externo Multidisciplinario del Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron 72 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en los años de 2006 a 2008. Los dados fueron procesados electrónicamente con la ayuda de los programas EXCEL 2007 y SPSS 13.0. RESULTADOS: El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue entre 59 + 14 años siendo el 60% del sexo femenino. En relación a la escolaridad, el 42% tenían primaria incompleta. La mayor parte se encontraba en la fase 4 de la enfermedad renal crónica, siendo las principales enfermedades de base la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial. Más del 80% usaban anti-hipertensivos, y más de la mitad usaba diuréticos. El síntoma predominante fue la nicturia. Apenas en siete pacientes se confeccionó una fístula arterio-venosa. CONCLUSIÓN: La población atendida en el referido consultorio externo consistió, en su mayor parte de pacientes que se encontraban entre la quinta y sexta década de su vida, con predominancia del sexo femenino. La mayoría se encontraba en la fase 4 de la clasificación del DOQI para enfermedad renal crónica siendo la diabetes la principal causa de la enfermedad renal.

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil do cliente com doença renal crônica em tratamento conservador no Ambulatório Multidisciplinar do Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro. MÉTODOS: O estudo é descritivo tendo sido analisados 72 prontuários de pacientes atendidos nos anos de 2006 a 2008. Os dados foram processados eletronicamente com o auxílio dos programas EXCEL 2007 e SPSS 13.0. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi 59 + 14 anos sendo 60% do sexo feminino. Em relação à escolaridade, 42% tinham ensino fundamental incompleto. A maior parte encontrava-se no estágio 4 da doença renal crônica, sendo as principais doenças de base o diabetes mellitus e a hipertensão arterial. Mais de 80% usavam anti-hipertensivos, e mais da metade usava diuréticos. O sintoma predominante foi a noctúria. Apenas em sete pacientes foi confeccionada fístula artério-venosa. CONCLUSÃO: A população atendida no referido ambulatório consistiu, na sua maior parte de pacientes na quinta ou sexta década de vida, com predominância do sexo feminino. A maioria encontrava-se no estágio 4 da classificação do DOQI para doença renal crônica sendo diabetes a principal causa da doença renal.

Foi realizado um estudo transversal incluindo 20.084 escolares de 1ª a 4ª séries, matriculados nas escolas urbanas de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Peso e altura foram coletados e o estado nutricional foi classificado segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (déficit do crescimento linear) e International Obesity Task Force (excesso de peso). Também foram coletadas as variáveis idade, sexo, tipo de escola e escolaridade (adequação entre idade e série). A prevalência de déficit do crescimento linear foi de 3,5% (3,9% entre os meninos e 3,1% nas meninas). As prevalências de sobrepeso e de obesidade foram 29,8% e 9,1%, respectivamente. O sobrepeso e a obesidade foram mais prevalentes entre os estudantes de escolas particulares em comparação com aqueles de escolas municipais e estaduais, enquanto o oposto foi observado para o déficit do crescimento linear. Em ambos os sexos, a idade mostrou-se positivamente associada à desnutrição e negativamente associada ao sobrepeso e à obesidade. A escolaridade inadequada mostrou-se associada com maior risco de desnutrição e menor risco de sobrepeso e obesidade. Conclui-se que o estado nutricional de escolares depende, além de fatores demográficos e sócio-econômicos, do tipo de escola.

This cross-sectional study included 20,084 students from urban schools (first to fourth-grade) in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Weight and height were measured, and nutritional status was classified according to the World Health Organization (height deficit) and International Obesity Task Force (overweight and obesity) criteria. The study also recorded the variables age, gender, type of school, and schooling (grade-for-age adequacy). Prevalence of height-for-age deficit was 3.5% (3.9% in boys and 3.1% in girls). Prevalence rates for overweight and obesity were 29.8% and 9.1%, respectively. Overweight and obesity were more frequent in private schools, while height-for-age deficit was more frequent in municipal or State schools. For both boys and girls, age was positively associated with underweight and inversely related to overweight and obesity. Inadequate schooling was associated with increased risk of height deficit and decreased risk of overweight and obesity. In conclusion, primary students' nutritional status depends not only on demographic and socioeconomic factors, but also on type of school.