ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the impact of thinness on the outcome of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and Methods: A matched case–control study was performed using a prospectively collected database of all patients who underwent PCNL between June 2011 and October 2021. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their phenotypic characteristics, arbitrarily defined according to their body mass index (BMI): <20 kg/m2 (Group 1, very thin patients, G<20) and ≥25 kg/m2 (Group 2, non-thin patients, G≥25). Patients were randomly matched based on Guy's Stone Score (GSS) according to case complexity at a ratio of 1:3. Results: A total of 204 patients were enrolled in this study: 51 patients (G<20) and 153 controls (G≥25). Complications occurred in 15.2% of the patients, with 5.4% of these complications classified as major complications (Clavien grade ≥ 3). According to complications there were no significant differences between the groups. The overall complication rates were 17.6% in the G<20 and 14.4% in the G≥25 (p = 0.653). The major complication rates were 3.9% in the G<20 and 5.8% in the G≥25 (p=0.429). No differences in transfusion or urinary fistula rates were found. Conclusions: In this study, very thin patients were not at a higher risk of complications when submitted to PCNL than in those with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2. Apparently, this technique can be used in these patients, just as it is used in any other type of patient, independently of their BMI. Purpose PCNL. . (PCNL) Methods casecontrol control 201 2021 characteristics (BMI) 20 <2 kgm2 kgm kg m2 m kg/m Group 1 G20 G 25 ≥2 2 nonthin non G≥25. G25 G≥25) Guys Guy s GSS (GSS 13. 13 3. 3 1:3 Results 5 (G<20 15 (G≥25) 152 15.2 54 4 5.4 Clavien 3) 176 17 6 17.6 G<2 144 14 14.4 G≥2 p 0.653. 0653 0.653 0 653 0.653) 39 9 3.9 58 8 5.8 p=0.429. p0429 p=0.429 429 (p=0.429) found Conclusions Apparently patient (PCNL 202 (BMI < G2 1: (G<2 (G≥25 15. 5. 17. G< 14. G≥ 065 0.65 65 p042 p=0.42 42 (p=0.429 (G< (G≥2 06 0.6 p04 p=0.4 (p=0.42 (G (G≥ 0. p0 p=0. (p=0.4 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p=

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes cause a significant reduction in the productivity of the gilo due to physiological stress. Incorporating organic residue into the soil has a positive effect in reducing nematode infestation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of organic residue on the reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica and its role in the physiology of the gilo. One-litre pots, each containing one gilo seedling, were inoculated with 5000 eggs of M. javanica and the following treatments evaluated: 1) no inoculation and no residue (NIR); 2) NIR; 3) 12.5 g L-1 poultry manure; 4) 25 g L-1 cattle manure; 5) 20 g L-1 filter cake; 6) 5 g L-1 of the shoots of Tagetes patula; 7) 6.25 g L-1 of the shoots of Brassica oleracea var. capitata; 8) 20 mL L-1 vinasse and 9) 1 mL Abamectin-based commercial product (18 g L-1 a.i.). A randomised block design was used, with six repetitions. Gas exchange variables were evaluated 15, 30 and 45 days after inoculation with the nematode (DAI) and the vegetative and nematological variables at 60 DAI. The treatments that included cattle manure and filter cake afforded the best physiological rate and development in the gilo. The best results in controlling the nematode were given by the poultry manure, cattle manure and filter cake, reducing the reproduction of M. javanica by 41.76, 51.44 and 52.40%, respectively. Based on the results, poultry manure, cattle manure and filter cake are efficient in controlling M. javanica and show potential to be used in the integrated management of M. javanica in the gilo. Rootknot Root knot stress infestation Onelitre One litre pots seedling 500 M NIR (NIR) 2 3 125 12 12. L1 L L- 4 6 patula 7 625 6.2 var capitata 8 9 Abamectinbased Abamectin based 18 (1 a.i.. ai a.i. . i a.i.) repetitions 15 DAI (DAI 4176 41 76 41.76 5144 51 44 51.4 5240 52 40 52.40% respectively 50 (NIR 62 6. ( a.i 417 41.7 514 51. 524 52.40 41. 52.4 52.

ABSTRACT This was the first study conducted on the diversity and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species and quantification of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) fractions, as well as on their relationship with environmental and soil chemical and physical properties along an elevation gradient above 1000 m in a Brazilian Atlantic cloud forest. AMF diversity was assessed by examining spores extracted from soil samples collected near the roots of the 18 most common plant species in permanent plots established in the field at altitudes of 1500, 1700, 1900, and 2100 meters above sea level. Fifteen AMF species were found, most of them belonging to the families Acaulosporaceae, Glomeraeceae, and Gigasporaceae. Compositions of the AMF community varied among the altitudes; Acaulospora was the predominant genus, with six species. The total Bradford-reactive soil protein (BRSP) and the easily extractable BRSP (EE-BRSP) soil glomalin were the highest at the altitude of 2100 m (5.7 and 3.8 mg.g soil-1, respectively). Altitude and environment and soil characteristics affected the composition and diversity (Shannon index) of the AMF communities. However, the effect of altitude on AMF diversity can be estimated, indirectly, through its effect on plant diversity. (AMF glomalinrelated related GRSP (GRSP fractions 100 forest 1 1500 1700 1900 210 level found Acaulosporaceae Glomeraeceae Gigasporaceae genus Bradfordreactive Bradford reactive (BRSP EEBRSP EE (EE-BRSP 5.7 57 5 7 (5. 38 3 8 3. mgg mg g soil1, soil1 1, soil-1 respectively. respectively . respectively) Shannon index communities However estimated indirectly 10 150 170 190 21 5. (5 soil- 15 17 19 2 (

Abstract Background: In this experimental protocol, we evaluated the immediate and delayed repair of the buccal branch of the facial nerve (BBFN) with heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB) as a coaptation medium and the use of photobiomodulation (PBM), performing functional and histomorphometric analysis of the BBFN and perioral muscles. Methods: Twenty-eight rats were divided into eight groups using the BBFN bilaterally (the left nerve was used for PBM), namely: G1 - control group, right BBFN (without injury); G2 - control group, left BBFN (without injury + PBM); G3 - Denervated right BBFN (neurotmesis); G4 - Denervated left BBFN (neurotmesis + PBM); G5 - Immediate repair of right BBFN (neurotmesis + HFB); G6 - Immediate repair of left BBFN (neurotmesis + HFB + PBM); G7 - Delayed repair of right BBFN (neurotmesis + HFB); G8 - Delayed repair of left BBFN (neurotmesis + HFB + PBM). Delayed repair occurred after two weeks of denervation. All animals were sacrificed after six weeks postoperatively. Results: In the parameters of the BBFN, we observed inferior results in the groups with delayed repair, in relation to the groups with immediate repair, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the diameter of the nerve fiber, the axon, and the thickness of the myelin sheath of the group with immediate repair with PBM compared to the other experimental groups. In measuring the muscle fiber area, groups G7 (826.4 ± 69.90) and G8 (836.7 ± 96.44) were similar to G5 (882.8 ± 70.51). In the functional analysis, the G7 (4.10 ± 0.07) and G8 (4.12 ± 0.08) groups presented normal parameters. Conclusion: We demonstrated that delayed repair of BBFN is possible with HFB, but with worse results compared to immediate repair, and that PBM has a positive influence on nerve regeneration results in immediate repair. Background protocol (BBFN (HFB PBM, , (PBM) muscles Methods Twentyeight Twenty PBM) namely G without injury) neurotmesis (neurotmesis) HFB) PBM. . denervation postoperatively Results p 0.05 005 0 05 axon area 826.4 8264 826 4 (826. 69.90 6990 69 90 836.7 8367 836 7 (836. 96.44 9644 96 44 882.8 8828 882 8 (882. 70.51. 7051 70.51 70 51 70.51) 4.10 410 10 (4.1 0.07 007 07 4.12 412 12 0.08 008 08 Conclusion (PBM 0.0 00 826. 82 (826 69.9 699 6 9 836. 83 (836 96.4 964 882. 88 (882 705 70.5 5 4.1 41 1 (4. 0. (82 69. (83 96. (88 70. 4. (4 (8 (

RESUMO Manejo de regra única é frequentemente adotado para várias espécies madeireiras de floresta tropical devido ao conhecimento limitado sobre o crescimento e a relação entre intensidade de exploração e tempo de recuperação de cada espécie. Este estudo fornece informações para subsidiar o manejo sustentável de Goupia glabra por meio da simulação da recuperação do estoque de madeira em um período de 35 anos usando dados de seis áreas na Amazônia brasileira. Períodos de monitoramento após o primeiro ciclo de colheita variaram de 16 a 29 anos e intensidades de exploração de 0.000 a 0.696 m² ha-1. A densidade arbórea de G. glabra variou de 0 a 22 árvores ha-1 e a dominância de 0,00 a 7,39 m² ha-¹. A frequência de diâmetros das árvores se distribuiu homogeneamente entre as classes diamétricas, com maior concentração na primeira classe (20-30 cm). Esses parâmetros geraram estimativas de taxa de recuperação de 12 a 85%, mostrando que 35 anos é insuficiente para árvores com DAP ≥ 20 cm recuperarem o estoque de árvores com DAP ≥ 50 cm colhidas no primeiro ciclo de colheita em todas as áreas. Prazos mínimos de recuperação de 48 a 83 anos foram estimados para garantir a recuperação do estoque de madeira nas áreas de estudo. Os resultados reforçam que as regras de manejo necessitam ser adaptadas à dinâmica populacional de cada espécie madeireira em cada local de exploração e sugerem a necessidade de mudar as exigências legais vigentes que definem o manejo florestal na Amazônia. 3 brasileira 1 2 0000 000 0.00 0696 696 0.69 m ha1. ha1 ha 1. G ha- 00 0,0 739 7 39 7,3 ha¹. ha¹ ¹. ¹ ha-¹ diamétricas 2030 30 (20-3 cm. . cm) 85 85% 5 4 8 0.0 069 69 0.6 0, 73 7, 203 (20- 0. 06 6 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT Single-rule management is often adopted for various tropical forest timber species due to limited knowledge on species-specific growth and the relationship between logging intensity and recovery time. This study provides information to support sustainable management of Goupia glabra by simulating its wood stock recovery over a 35-year period following logging using data from six areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Monitoring periods after the first harvest cycle varyed from 16 to 29 years, and logging intensity from 0.000 to 0.696 m² ha-1. Tree density of G. glabra varied from 0 to 22 trees ha-1 and dominance from 0.00 to 7.39 m² ha-¹. Frequency of tree diameters was almost evenly distributed across diameter classes, slightly higher in the first (20-30 cm) class. These parameters generated estimations of recovery rate from 12 to 85%, showing that 35 years is insufficient for trees with DBH ≥ 20 cm in all study areas to grow and replace the stock of trees with DBH ≥ 50 cm harvested during the first cycle. Minimum recovery periods from 48 to 83 years were estimated to guarantee the recovery of the wood stock in the study areas. These findings reinforce the need to adapt management rules according to the population dynamics of each timber species and each logging area, and suggest the need for changes in the current legal requirements that define forest management in the Amazon. Singlerule Single rule speciesspecific specific time 35year year Amazon 1 2 0000 000 0696 696 0.69 m ha1. ha1 ha 1. G ha- 00 0.0 739 7 39 7.3 ha¹. ha¹ ¹. ¹ ha-¹ classes 2030 30 (20-3 class 85 85% 3 5 4 8 area 069 69 0.6 0. 73 7. 203 (20- 06 6 (20 (2 (

Abstract The present work evaluated the agronomic behavior of species and varieties of Pleurotus submitted or not to the scratching technique. The cultivated species/varieties were Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida, and Pleurotus djamor, where half of the treatments were scratched before the first and second flushes, while the rest were only scratched before the second flush. Yield (%), biological efficiency (%), weight of mushroom (g) and number of mushrooms (uni) were evaluated. It was observed that scratching harmed the mushroom weight for P. ostreatus, where the treatment without scratching produced significantly higher values, in the first harvest flush. On the other hand, scratching favored yield and the number of mushrooms for P. djamor. When the species are compared, it is noted that P. ostreatus obtained a lower yield, which was also reflected in the biological efficiency. P. djamor stood out with a large number of mushrooms, statistically higher than the other species, on the other hand, producing mushrooms of low weight of mushroom. The use of the scratched technique is not recommended for the conditions used in the work, due to the increase in labor and loss of mushroom weight. speciesvarieties var Florida flushes flush %, % , (%) g (g uni (uni P values hand compared (% (

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS Entre as principais técnicas analgésicas não farmacológicas estão as terapias físicas como a eletroterapia e técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais, como a hipnose. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o efeito analgésico da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) e hipnose no controle da dor lombar crônica. MÉTODOS Estudo do tipo cruzado que incluiu 19 adultos jovens de ambos os sexos portadores de dor lombar crônica, submetidos a TENS, hipnose e educação em dor como grupo controle. A qualidade da dor foi avaliada pelo questionário de McGill, a intensidade e o limiar da dor pela escala analógica visual. Foi avaliada a intensidade da dor espontânea, o limiar e a intensidade de dor ao frio e o limiar da dor à pressão, imediatamente após as intervenções e 30 minutos depois do final das intervenções. A análise estatística foi realizada com modelos lineares generalizados mistos, com 5% de significância, e tamanhos de efeito G de Cohen. RESULTADOS Houve diminuição estatisticamente significativa da intensidade da dor espontânea e ao frio nos grupos hipnose e TENS comparados ao grupo de educação em dor. Ocorreu redução do quadro álgico estatisticamente significativo nas categorias sensorial e avaliativa nos grupos intervenção comparados ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa para o limiar de dor à pressão e o tempo de latência para a dor ao frio. CONCLUSÃO A hipnose e a TENS diminuíram a intensidade da dor lombar crônica sem diferença estatisticamente significativa entre si, porém estatisticamente diferentes em relação ao grupo controle.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Among the main non-pharmacological analgesic techniques are physical therapies such as electrotherapy and cognitive-behavioral techniques, such as hypnosis. The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and hypnosis in the control of chronic low back pain. METHODS A crossover study that included 19 young adults of both genders with chronic low back pain who underwent TENS and hypnosis, and pain education as a control group. The quality of pain was assessed by the McGill’s questionnaire; pain intensity and threshold were assessed by the visual analog scale. The intensity of spontaneous pain, the threshold and intensity of pain induced by cold and the pressure pain threshold before the interventions, immediately after the interventions and 30 minutes after the end of the interventions were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed with Generalized Mixed Linear Models, with 5% significance, and Cohen’s G effect sizes. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of spontaneous and cold induced pain in the hypnosis and TENS groups compared to the pain education group. There was a statistically significant reduction of pain in the sensory and evaluation categories in the intervention groups compared to the control group. There was no significant difference for the pressure pain threshold and latency time for cold induced pain. CONCLUSION Hypnosis and TENS decreased the intensity of chronic low back pain with no statistically significant difference between them, but statistically different from the pain education control group.

ABSTRACT Many infants are nurtured with milk supplied by human banks, whose bacteriological and physical-chemical profiles are a major issue. We investigated the bacteriological and physical-chemical characteristics, as well as genotypic and phenotypic and profiles of Staphylococcus species isolated from 240 samples of breast milk from a bank in a teaching hospital. Dornic acidity of milk revealed that 95.4% (229/240) had acceptable limits (< 8.0 oD). Caloric intake showed a wide variation in cream content (4%), fat (4%) and energy values (559.81 Kcal/L). Staphylococcus (105/186 or 56.5%) and Enterobacter (25/186 or 13.4%) were the most prevalent genera, although other microorganisms were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (125/157 or 79.6%), vancomycin (115/157 or 73.2%), and cephalexin (112/157 or 71.3%) were the most effective antimicrobials. High resistance rates of isolates were found to penicillin G (141/157 or 89.8%), ampicillin (135/157 or 86%), and oxacillin (118/157 or 75.2%). Multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobials occurred in 66.2% (123/186) of the isolates. Residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances were found in 85% (204/240) of samples. Among the coagulase-positive-CPS and negative-CoNS staphylococci, the mecA gene was detected in 53.3% (8/15) and 75% (30/40), respectively. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 20% (3/15) of CPS, while tsst-1 was detected in 13.34% (2/15). In addition, 13.3% (2/15) of S. aureus were toxin-producers. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 90% (36/40), 5% (2/40) and 15% (6/40) CoNS, respectively. Enterotoxin production was identified in 5% (2/40) of CoNS. The identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria, staphylococci species toxin-producers harboring methicillin-resistance genes, and residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances reinforce the need for a continuous vigilance of milk quality offered to infant consumption by human banks.

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to verify the cardiac oxidative stress biomarker responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in rats. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were equally divided into two groups (8 animals/group): sedentary control (SC) and trained group (HIIT). The exercise protocol consisted of high-intensity swimming (14% of body weight, 20 s of activity with 10 s of pause performed 14 times) which was performed for 12 consecutive days. Results: The cardiac tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins showed no significant changes; on the other hand, hydroperoxide levels were higher in the HIIT group than in the SC group. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes and the levels of reduced glutathione and sulfhydryl remained unchanged. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that short-term high-intensity interval training induces changes in the cardiac oxidative stress biomarker but with no effect on the antioxidant enzymes.

RESUMO Nos últimos anos há um interesse crescente no uso de diversos resíduos agroindustriais. No Brasil, as indústrias de alimentos acumulam uma enorme quantidade de resíduos, principalmente as de processamento de frutos cítricos.Entre as possibilidades de valorização destes resíduos, a digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa promissora na geração de energia renovável e controle da poluição. Nesse sentido, esse estudo avaliou a digestão anaeróbia de água residuária citrícola, visando à produção biológica de hidrogênio a partir de três inóculos: (1) Clostridium Acetobutylicum ATCC 824,(2) Clostridium Beijerinckii ATCC 10132 e (3) consórcio anaeróbio obtido da água residuária citrícola. O experimento foi realizado em 51h, em triplicatas de reatores anaeróbios em batelada, alimentados com 2 fontes distintas de carbono: glicose (10,7 g DQO L-1) e água residuária citrícola (10,0 g DQO L-1), headspace preenchido com N2 (99,99%), pH inicial 7,0 e mantidos a 37°C, sob modo estático. Nos reatores alimentados com glicose foram verificados geração de hidrogênio apenas com os inóculos 1 e 2, que foram, respectivamente, de 36,8 mmol L-1 e 64,1 mmol L-1. Nos reatores operados com água residuária citrícola foram obtidos 21,2; 15,7 e; 37,6 mmol H2 L-1 com os inóculos 1; 2 e 3, respectivamente. Além disso, foram verificadas gerações expressivas de etanol para todos os inóculos testados nos reatores alimentados com glicose. Na caracterização do consórcio anaeróbio citrícola foi verificado predomínio de bacilos Gram + e quantificados os gêneros de bactérias anaeróbias geradoras de H2 (UFC mL-1): Clostridium sp. (3x105), Bacteroides sp. (4x105), Lactobacillus sp. (4x105), Streptococcus sp. (5x104), e Veillonella sp. (3x105), revelando diversidade elevada de bactérias anaeróbias produtoras de hidrogênio presentes na água residuária agroindustrial. Tais resultados ressaltam que a geração de hidrogênio pode ocorrer em vias metabólicas distintas com consequente favorecimento na geração de biocombustíveis como etanol ou butanol.

ABSTRACT In recent years there has been a growing interest in the use of various agro-industrial wastes. In Brazil, the food industries accumulate an enormous amount of waste, especially those that process citrus fruits. Among the possibilities for valuing these residues, anaerobic digestion is a promising alternative in the generation of renewable energy and pollution control. In this sense, this study evaluated the anaerobic digestion of citrus wastewater, aiming at the biological production of hydrogen from three inocula: (1) Clostridium Acetobutylicum ATCC 824, (2) Clostridium Beijerinckii ATCC 10132 and (3) anaerobic consortium obtained from citrus wastewater. The experiment was carried out in 51h, in triplicates of anaerobic batch reactors, fed with 2 different carbon sources: glucose (10.7 g COD L-1) and citrus wastewater (10.0 g COD L-1), headspace filled with N2 (99.99%), initial pH 7.0 and maintained at 37 ° C, under static mode. In the reactors fed with glucose, hydrogen generation was verified only with the inocula 1 and 2, which were, respectively, 36.8 mmol L-1 and 64.1 mmol L-1. In the reactors operated with citrus wastewater, were obtained 21.2; 15.7 e; 37.6 mmol H2 L-1 with inocula 1; 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, expressive generations of ethanol were verified for all inocula tested in the reactors fed with glucose. In the characterization of the citrus anaerobic consortium, a predominance of Gram + bacilli was verified and the genera of anaerobic H2-generating bacteria (UFC mL-1) were quantified: Clostridium sp. (3x105), Bacteroides sp. (4x105), Lactobacillus sp. (4x105), Streptococcus sp. (5x104), and Veillonella sp. (3x105), revealing a high diversity of anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacteria present in agro-industrial wastewater. Such results emphasize that the generation of hydrogen can occur in different metabolic pathways with consequent favor in the generation of biofuels such as ethanol or butanol.

RESUMO A produção de biodiesel tem crescido e ganhado destaque no cenário energético mundial. Com isso, seu principal coproduto, o glicerol bruto (GB), tem acompanhado esse aumento, ocasionando a formação de grandes estoques deste resíduo. Uma alternativa promissora para a sua redução consiste na utilização por processos biológicos anaeróbios visando à produção de biogás, tanto hidrogênio (H2) quanto metano (CH4). Sabe-se que a eficiência dessa bioconversão aumenta por meio da codigestão com outros resíduos orgânicos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo consistiu na codigestão do GB, proveniente da produção de biodiesel a partir de óleos residuais domésticos, com vinhaça citrícola (VC), em dois estágios sequenciais. No 1º estágio (Ensaio 1), o reator anaeróbio foi operado em batelada, alimentado com 5 g DQO L-1 GB e 5 g DQO L-1 VC, na presença de cultura mista pertencente ao gênero Clostridium sp., a 37 °C, pH 5,5, headspace com N2, gerando 4,48 mmol H2 L-1 em 112 h de experimento, sendo consumidos 93,19 % de GB e 74,00 % de glicose. Um ensaio controle (Controle 1) foi montado com apenas 5 g DQO L-1 GB, não sendo verificada produção de H2. O efluente gerado no Ensaio 1 (200 mL) foi usado como substrato no 2º estágio (Ensaio 2) por um inóculo in natura identificado por consórcio de bactérias anaeróbias fermentativas e archaeas metanogênicas, no reator anaeróbio metanogênico (500 mL), headspace com N2, pH 7,0, a 37 °C, gerando 229,08 mmol CH4 L-1 em 624 h de operação. Além disso, 87,34 % da DQO e 93,75 % do metanol proveniente do GB foram consumidos. O efluente gerado pelo Controle 1 produziu apenas 40,58 mmol CH4 L-1 (Controle 2). Dessa forma, constatou-se que a codigestão elevou a geração de biogás, com consumos de resíduos orgânicos e tóxicos presentes no GB por meio dos sistemas integrados.

ABSTRACT The biodiesel production has grown and it gained prominence in the global energy scenario. As a result, its main co-product, crude glycerol (CG), has accompanied this increase, causing the formation of large stocks of this residue. A promising alternative for its reduction is the use by anaerobic biological processes aiming at the biogas production, as hydrogen (H2) as methane (CH4). It is known that the efficiency of this bioconversion increases through co-digestion with other organic waste. Thus, the objective of this study consisted in the co-digestion of CG, from the biodiesel production through waste cooking oils, with citrus vinasse (CV), in two sequential stages. In the 1st stage (Assay 1), the anaerobic reactor was operated in batch, fed with 5 g COD L-1 CG and 5 g COD L-1 CV, in the presence of a mixed culture belonging to the genus Clostridium sp., at 37 °C, pH 5.5, headspace with N2, generating 4.48 mmol H2 L-1 in 112 h of experiment, being consumed 93.19 % of CG and 74.00 % of glucose. A control assay (Control 1) was assembled with only 5 g COD L-1 CG, without H2 production. The effluent generated in Assay 1 (200 mL) was used as a substrate in the 2nd stage (Assay 2) by an inoculum in natura identified by a consortium of anaerobic bacteria and methanogenic archaea, in the anaerobic methanogenic reactor (500 mL), headspace with N2, pH 7.0, at 37 °C, generating 229.08 mmol CH4 L-1 in 624 h of operation. In addition, 87.34 % of COD and 93.75 % of methanol from CG were consumed. The effluent generated by Control 1 produced only 40.58 mmol CH4 L-1 (Control 2). Thus, it was found that co-digestion increased the biogas generation, with consumption of organic and toxic waste present in CG through integrated systems.

ABSTRACT Information on the physiological responses of native plants from the Brazilian Cerrado regarding the use of chicken manure and luminosities are important for their silvicultural management. Thus, aimed to evaluate the effect of chicken manure and luminous availability on the photosynthetic metabolism of Alibertia edulis (Rich) A. Rich. The experiment was carried out in pots, testing five doses of chicken manure – CM (0.00, 2.08, 4.16, 6.24 and 8.32 g kg-1) incorporated at Dystroferric Red Latosol, and two luminous environmental (full sun and 50% shaded). The higher CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco occurred in seedlings grown in full sun. The seedlings showed higher photochemical indicators in photosystem II in the shaded and with addition of 8.32 g kg-1 of CM. The intercellular CO2 concentration in leaves was lower with addition of 5.55 g kg-1 of CM. The leaves presented larger stomatal dimensions under shaded. The cultivation of A. edulis in full sun and the addition of about 4.16 g kg-1 of CM favored greater stomatal regulation and CO2 assimilation.

Resumo O consumo de carne de frango tem aumentado nos últimos anos, favorecido por diferentes fatores. No entanto, quando esse alimento é manipulado sem cuidados higiênicos pode ser fonte de agentes etiológicos causadores de enfermidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de 60 amostras de carnes de frango industrial resfriadas in natura, coletadas de 20 estabelecimentos comerciais do município de Sinop – Mato Grosso. As avaliações microbiológicas foram compostas por: enumeração de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, pesquisa de Escherichia coli e identificação de Salmonella spp. Em 100% das amostras foram encontrados coliformes totais. Seis amostras apresentaram valores de coliformes termotolerantes > 3NMP/g, porém não extrapolaram o padrão, 104NMP/g, exigido pela legislação brasileira. Das 60 amostras avaliadas, 8,3% apresentaram contaminação por E. coli e 8,3% estavam contaminadas por Salmonella spp. Em 30% dos mercados foram obtidas amostras contaminadas por E. coli (10%) e Salmonella spp. (20%), sendo consideradas impróprias para o consumo. Os sorovares de Salmonella spp. encontrados foram: Hadar, Minnesota, Heidelberg e Kentucky. Dessa forma, há a necessidade de que sejam aplicadas boas práticas de fabricação, higiene e manipulação de alimentos nos estabelecimentos a fim de reduzir a contaminação por microrganismos no produto final e os riscos para a saúde coletiva.

Abstract The chicken meat consumption has increased in recent years favored by different factors. However, when this food is manipulated without hygienic care, can be a source of etiological agents that cause diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of 60 samples of fresh chilled chicken meat cooled in nature, collected from 20 commercial establishments in the municipalyti of Sinop – Mato Grosso. The microbiological assessments were composed of: enumeration of total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli research and identification of Salmonella spp. In 100% of the samples total coliforms were found. Six samples presented thermotolerant coliform values >3 NMP / g, but did not extrapolate the standard 104NMP / g required by brazilian legislation. Of the 60 samples evaluated, 8.3% presented contamination by E. coli and 8.3% were contaminated by Salmonella spp.. In 30% of markets were obtained contaminated samples by E. coli (10%) and Salmonella spp. (20%), being considered unsuitable for consumption.Theserovars of Salmonella spp. found were: Hadar, Minnesota, Heidelberg and Kentucky.In this way, there is a need for good manufacturing practices applied, hygiene and food handling in establishments in order to reduce contamination by microorganisms in the final product and the risks to collective health.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituição parcial ou total do feno de Tifton 85 por palma forrageira in natura ou desidratada sobre o desempenho e componentes do peso corporal de ovinos. Foram distribuídos aleatoriamente 30 cordeiros deslanados, com peso vivo inicial de 19 kg ± 0,35 kg, em cinco tratamentos, a saber: feno de Tifton 85 (FE); feno de Tifton 85 + palma in natura (FEPA); feno de Tifton 85 + palma desidratada (FEPD); palma in natura (PA); palma desidratada (PD). Além da palma e feno ofertou-se, na forma de mistura completa, farelo de soja, sal mineral e calcário em todos os tratamentos. Os animais foram mantidos confinados durante 75 dias; decorridos esse período foram abatidos e tiveram os pesos dos componentes corporais registrados. O consumo de matéria seca, nutrientes digestíveis totais e ingestão voluntária de água foram maiores (p < 0,05) para os tratamentos PD e FEPD. O ganho médio diário foi de 118 g dia-1 e o peso corporal ao abate de 25,8 kg e não foram influenciados (p > 0,05) pelos tratamentos. O peso de carcaça fria e área de olho de lombo foram menores (p < 0,05) para dieta FE. A substituição parcial ou total do feno de Tifton 85 por palma forrageira (in natura ou desidratada) melhora o desempenho e as características de carcaça de ovinos.

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effect of partial or total replacement of Tifton 85 hay with fresh or dehydrated spineless cactus on performance and body weight components of sheep. Thirty hair lambs, with 19 kg ± 0.35 kg initial weight, were randomly divided into five treatments, namely: Tifton 85 Hay (HA); Tifton 85 Hay + fresh spineless cactus (HAFC); Tifton 85 Hay + dehydrated spineless cactus (HADC); fresh spineless cactus (FC); dehydrated spineless cactus (DC). In addition to the spineless cactus and hay, the complete mixture contained soybean meal, mineral salt and limestone in all treatments. Animals were confined for 75 days and then slaughtered. The weight of body components was recorded. Dry matter intake, total digestible nutrients intake and voluntary water intake were higher (p < 0.05) for the DC and HADC treatments. The average daily gain was 118 g day-1 and body weight at slaughter of 25.8 kg were not influenced (p > 0.05) by treatments. The cold carcass weight, rib eye area, weight and yield of the skin, liver, kidney and large intestine were higher (p < 0.05) for the DC and HADC treatments. Partial or total replacement of Tifton 85 hay with fresh or dehydrated spineless cactus, in complete diets for sheep, increases the weight of the cold carcass and non-carcass components.

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo a caracterização de três amostras comerciais de quitosana de baixo grau de acetilação, bem como a preparação e caracterização de filmes comestíveis a partir dessas amostras, com vistas a posterior aplicação desses filmes em recobrimento de frutos. As amostras foram caracterizadas pela massa molar, grau de acetilação, análise elementar, espectroscopia de infravermelho e análise térmica, enquanto os filmes pela análise térmica, espectroscopia de infravermelho, sólidos totais e permeabilidade ao vapor de água. As amostras comerciais mostraram diferentes massas molares que variaram de 132 a 245 kDa, graus de acetilação de 5,8 a 6,3% e apresentaram análise elementar próxima a fórmula C6H11O4N para a unidade de repetição. Os filmes produzidos apresentaram espessuras de 3,7 a 6,8 μm, sólidos totais de 2,0 a 6,3 g m-2 e permeabilidade ao vapor de água de 170,1 a 180,2 g dia–1 m–2. Os filmes de quitosana com maior teor de sólidos e menor massa molar foram menos permeáveis ao vapor de água. Nas análises de infravermelho e termogravimetria foram observados, respectivamente, os mesmos grupos funcionais e curvas semelhantes de decomposição, para as amostras e para os filmes produzidos.

Abstract The objective of this study is to characterize three commercial samples of chitosan with low degree of acetylation, as well as the preparation and characterization of edible films from these samples, aiming the subsequent application of these films in fruit coatings. The samples were characterized by molar mass, degree of acetylation, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis, while the film was characterized by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, total solids and water vapor permeability. The commercial samples showed different molar masses, which ranged from 132 to 245 kDa, degrees of acetylation from 5.8 to 6.3% and presented an elemental analysis next to the formula C6H11O4N, for the repeating unit. The films produced had thicknesses from 3.7 to 6.8 μm, total solids from 2.0 to 6.3 g m-2 and water vapor permeability from 170.1 to 180.2 g day–1 m–2. The chitosan films with a higher content of solids and a lower molar mass were less permeable to water vapor. Infrared and thermogravimetric analyses showed the same functional groups and similar decomposition curves, respectively, for the samples and for the films produced.