Abstract Plants used in traditional medicine offer an affordable new alternative in tissue repair therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 5% Rhizophora mangle cream compared to the 5% dexpanthenol cream in healing open surgical wounds on the upper eyelid. A total of 18 patients were submitted to the experiment and divided into 2 groups with 9 patients each who used topically and daily 5% dexpanthenol cream (control group) or 5% R.mangle cream (intervention group) for 7 days. Clinical, morphometric and histomorphometric analyses of wounds and surgical procedures for skin removal were performed. In the morphometric analysis, all wounds treated with R.mangle and dexpanthenol creams showed complete macroscopic scars, without inflammatory signs and infection free. The skin hydration values in pre and post application periods of the cream were 43.82 ± 43.93 and 62.12 ± 67.40 respectively. The histomorphometric study showed lower values of epithelium distance in R. mangle group and higher in dexpanthenol group with significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). The R.mangle 5% cream proved to be effective in healing wounds of human upper eyelid skin with a significant improvement in epithelization compared to dexpanthenol 5% cream. therapy 5 1 control Rmangle R intervention days Clinical performed analysis scars free 4382 43 82 43.8 4393 93 43.9 6212 62 12 62.1 6740 67 40 67.4 respectively p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 438 4 8 43. 439 621 6 62. 674 67. 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and morphological characteristics of mixed mammary neoplasms and verify what characteristics affect the prognosis of female dogs with carcinomas in mixed tumors and carcinosarcomas. This was a retrospective study of 67 female dogs that underwent mastectomies and were diagnosed with benign mixed tumors (n=13), carcinomas in mixed tumors (n=44) and carcinosarcomas (n=10). Data regarding the clinical and histological aspects of the neoplasms were collected and the relation with specific survival times, and hazard ratios (HR) in 24 months was calculated. In univariate analysis, the diagnosis of carcinosarcoma (HR 8.26, p=0.006), carcinomatous areas with micropapillary or solid patterns (HR 17.49; p=0. 001) and lymph node metastasis (HR 7.07;p=0.020) were associated with specific survival. In multivariable analysis, only micropapillary or solid pattern (HR=16.34; p=0.007) remained independent factor associated with lower specific survival. Micropapillary or solid carcinomatous patterns were associated with shorter specific survival time (p=0.002) among animals with carcinomas in mixed tumors. Among the carcinosarcomas, lymph node metastasis (p=0.010) was associated with a shorter specific survival time. In conclusion, carcinomas in mixed tumors and carcinosarcomas vary in prognosis depending on the carcinomatous proliferation patterns and spread of the disease. 6 n=13, n13 n n=13 , 13 (n=13) n=44 n44 44 (n=44 n=10. n10 n=10 . 10 (n=10) times HR 2 calculated analysis 826 8 26 8.26 p=0.006, p0006 p p=0.006 0 006 p=0.006) 17.49 1749 17 49 p0 p=0 001 7.07p=0.020 707p0020 7.07 p=0.020 7 07 020 7.07;p=0.020 HR=16.34 HR1634 16 34 (HR=16.34 p=0.007 p0007 007 p=0.002 p0002 002 (p=0.002 p=0.010 p0010 010 (p=0.010 conclusion disease n1 n=1 1 (n=13 n=4 n4 4 (n=4 (n=10 82 8.2 p000 p=0.00 00 17.4 174 p= 07p 7.07p=0.02 707p002 707 7.0 p0020 p=0.02 02 7.07;p=0.02 HR=16.3 HR163 3 (HR=16.3 (p=0.00 p=0.01 p001 01 (p=0.01 n= (n=1 (n= 8. p00 p=0.0 17. 7.07p=0.0 707p00 70 7. p002 7.07;p=0.0 HR=16. HR16 (HR=16. (p=0.0 (n 7.07p=0. 707p0 7.07;p=0. HR=16 HR1 (HR=16 (p=0. 7.07p=0 707p 7.07;p=0 HR=1 (HR=1 (p=0 7.07p= 7.07;p= HR= (HR= (p= 7.07p 7.07;p (p

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características clínicas e morfológicas das neoplasias mamárias mistas e verificar quais características interferem no prognóstico de cadelas com carcinomas em tumores mistos e carcinossarcomas. Este foi um estudo retrospectivo de 67 cadelas, que foram submetidas a mastectomias e diagnosticadas com tumores mistos benignos (n = 13), carcinomas em tumores mistos (n = 44) e carcinossarcomas (n = 10). Foram coletados dados sobre os aspectos clínicos e histológicos das neoplasias e a relação com o tempo de sobrevida específica e a razão de risco (OR) em 24 meses foram calculadas. Na análise univariada, o diagnóstico de carcinossarcoma (HR 8,26; p=0,006), as áreas carcinomatosas com padrão micropapilar e sólido (HR 17,49; p= 0,001) e metástase linfonodal (HR 7,07; p=0,020) foram associadas à menor sobrevida específica. Na análise multivariável, apenas o padrão micropapilar ou sólido (HR=16,34; p=0,007) permaneceu como fator independente associado à sobrevida. Proliferações carcinomatosas micropapilares ou sólidas (p = 0,002) foram associadas a tempos de sobrevida específica mais curtos entre os animais com carcinomas em tumor misto. Entre os pacientes com carcinossarcoma, metástases em linfonodos (p = 0,010) foram associadas a um menor tempo de sobrevida específica. Em conclusão, os resultados mostraram que os carcinomas em tumores mistos e os carcinossarcomas podem ter prognóstico variável, dependendo do padrão de proliferação carcinomatosa e da disseminação linfática da doença. 6 n 13, 13 , 13) 44 10. 10 . 10) OR (OR 2 calculadas univariada HR 8,26 826 8 26 p=0,006, p0006 p p=0,006 0 006 p=0,006) 17,49 1749 17 49 0,001 0001 001 7,07 707 7 07 p=0,020 p0020 020 multivariável HR=16,34 HR1634 16 34 (HR=16,34 p=0,007 p0007 007 0,002 0002 002 misto 0,010 0010 010 conclusão variável doença 1 4 8,2 82 p000 p=0,00 00 17,4 174 0,00 000 7,0 70 p=0,02 p002 02 HR=16,3 HR163 3 (HR=16,3 0,01 01 8, p00 p=0,0 17, 0,0 7, HR=16, HR16 (HR=16, p0 p=0, 0, HR=16 HR1 (HR=16 p=0 HR=1 (HR=1 HR= (HR=

RESUMO Alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em animais portadores de neoplasias podem resultar dos efeitos diretos do crescimento tumoral ou de síndromes paraneoplásicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias e carcinoma inflamatório (IC). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 43 cadelas divididas em três grupos de acordo com o estadiamento clínico: grupo 1 (G1) - cadelas em estádio inicial (T1,2,3N0M0, N=17), grupo 2 (G2) - cadelas em estádio avançado (T1,2,3N1M0,1, N=15) e grupo 3 (G3) - cadelas que apresentaram IC (N=11). Os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos obtidos foram relacionados com o estadiamento clínico das pacientes. Entre as alterações, as mais comuns foram anemia, leucocitose neutrofílica, monocitose, aumento de ALT, AST e hipoalbuminemia, principalmente em cadelas em estadiamento clínico avançado e com carcinoma inflamatório.

ABSTRACT Hematological and biochemical alterations in animals with neoplasms may result from the direct effects of tumor growth or paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to evaluate these hematological and biochemical alterations in female dogs with mammary tumors and with inflammatory carcinoma (IC). Blood samples were collected from 43 female dogs divided into three groups according to clinical staging: Group 1 (G1) - animals in initial stage (T1,2,3N0M0, N=17), Group 2 (G2) - animals in advanced stage (T1,2,3N1M0,1, N=15) and Group 3 (G3) - animals presenting IC (N=11). Hematological and biochemical parameters obtained were related to patients' clinical staging. Among alterations, the most common were anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, increased ALT, AST, and hypoalbuminemia, mainly in dogs in advanced clinical staging and with inflammatory carcinoma.

Abstract Objectives Refractory angina (RA) is a chronic condition clinically characterized by low effort tolerance; therefore, physical stress testing is not usually requested for these patients. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is considered a gold standard examination for functional capacity evaluation, even in submaximal tests, and it has gained great prominence in detecting ischemia. The authors aimed to determine cardiorespiratory capacity by using the oxygen consumption efficiency slope (OUES) in patients with refractory angina. The authors also studied the O2 pulse response by CPET and the association of ischemic changes with contractile modifications by exercise stress echocardiography (ESE). Methods Thirty-one patients of both sexes, aged 45 to 75 years, with symptomatic (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class II to IV) angina who underwent CPET on a treadmill and exercise stress echocardiography on a lower limb cycle ergometer were studied. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03218891. Results The patients had low cardiorespiratory capacity (OUES of 1.74 ± 0.4 L/min; 63.9±14.7% of predicted), and 77% of patients had a flattening or drop in O2 pulse response. There was a direct association between Heart Rate (HR) at the onset of myocardial ischemia detected by ESE and HR at the onset of flattening or drop in oxygen pulse response detected by CPET (R = 0.48; p = 0.019). Conclusion Patients with refractory angina demonstrate low cardiorespiratory capacity. CPET shows good sensitivity for detecting abnormal cardiovascular response in these patients with a significant relationship between flattening O2 pulse response during CEPT and contractile alterations detected by exercise stress echocardiography. Highlights OUES analysis is useful for assessing functional capacity in refractory angina. O2 pulse curve is correlated with contractile alterations in exercise echocardiogram. Cardiopulmonary exercise test is useful toll in patients with refractory angina.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the metabolizable energy, standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) and digestible amino acid values of wheat meal (WM), wheat gluten meal (WGM), meat bone meal (MBM) and poultry-by-product meal (PPM) in diets for broilers. In the first experiment, the total excreta collection method was used, with 180 chicks with 14 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with 4 feeds + reference diet with 6 replicates and 6 broilers each. In the second experiment, 180 broilers from 24 to 28 days old were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with 4 feeds + one protein free diet with 6 replicates and 6 broilers each. The AMEn values of WM, WGM, MBM and PPM were 3052, 3174, 1556 and 3200 (kcal/kg), respectively. The average SIAAD of the essential and non-essential amino acids of WM, WGM, MBM and PPM were 74.21, 97.50, 69.28 and 83.08; 76.32, 96.42, 63.93 and 77.66, respectively. The values of the main digestible limiting amino acids were 0.18, 1.42, 0.41 and 0.94 for methionine; 0.20, 1.48, 1.73 and 2.73 for lysine; 0.23, 1.67, 0.72 and 1.89 for threonine; and 0.35, 3.22, 1.38 and 2.47 for valine, respectively for the feedstuffs in study.

ABSTRACT Stingless bee products such as honey, pollen, propolis, and geopropolis have been used for centuries in traditional medicine for the treatment of several illnesses. Investigation of the biological activity of stingless bee products, especially propolis and geopropolis, has revealed promising therapeutic properties. About 20% of total Neotropical stingless bees can be found in Brazil. Despite the species diversity, studies on their biological activity are scarce. The present review focuses on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis and geopropolis from Brazilian stingless bees. In addition, the toxicity of these natural products was addressed. In order to provide new evidences for the toxic potential of propolis and geopropolis components, an in silico analysis was performed using the ADMET PredictorTM software. We observed that most of studies evaluated only crude ethanol extracts of a limited number of stingless bees species. Propolis and geopropolis displayed antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Concerning the toxic potential, the extracts of stingless bees propolis and geopropolis were considered safe. Nonetheless, in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies are still necessary.

Abstract Objective: To determine possible changes in serum concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of eutrophic rats subjected to aerobic or resistance physical training. Methods: This study examined serum concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1-β in rats that performed aerobic or resistance training for 16 weeks. Thirty-five Wistar rats (male adult) were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG), Aerobic Group (AG) and Resistance Group (RG). Rats were sacrificed 48 h after the final training session. Serum concentrations of cytokines were analysed by ELISA. Results: TNF-α levels were higher in the RG, followed by the AG and CG groups (p < 0.001). IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.097 and p = 0.17, respectively). The levels of IL6 and IL1-β were higher in AG compared to RG and CG (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.003, respectively). In general, our results indicate a higher pro-inflammatory profile in AG and probably RG animals. Conclusion: Further studies are required in order to better clarify the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, future studies should address the metabolic and molecular pathways involved in these responses.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar as possíveis alterações nas concentrações séricas de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias de ratos eutróficos submetidos a treinamento físico aeróbio ou resistência. Método: Este estudo examinou a concentração sérica de TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-1-β em ratos que realizaram treinamento aeróbio e de resistência durante 16 semanas. Trinta e cinco ratos Wistar (macho adulto) foram divididos em 3 grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo aeróbico (GA) e grupo de resistência (GR). Os ratos foram sacrificados 48 horas após a sessão de treino final. As concentrações séricas de citocinas foram analisadas por ELISA. Resultados: Os níveis de TNF-a foram maiores no GR, seguindo-se os grupos GA e GC (p < 0.001). IFN-γ e os níveis de IL-10 não foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos (p = 0.097 e p = 0.17, respectivamente). Os níveis de IL-6 e IL-1-β foram maiores em GA, quando comparados com GC e GR (p = 0.0004 e p = 0.003, respectivamente). Em geral, os nossos resultados indicam um perfil pró-inflamatório maior nos animais do GA e, provavelmente, no GR. Conclusão: Mais estudos são necessários para melhor esclarecer os efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbico e resistência sobre as citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias. Além disso, estudos futuros devem abordar as vias metabólicas e moleculares envolvidas nestas respostas.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar posibles cambios en las concentraciones séricas de citoquinas pro y antiinflamatorias de ratas eutróficas sometidas a entrenamiento físico aérobico y de resistencia. Método: Se examinaron las concentraciones séricas de TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-1-β en ratas sometidas a entrenamiento aeróbico o de resistencia de 16 semanas de duración. Treinta y cinco ratas Wistar (macho adulto) fueron divididas en 3 grupos: Grupo Control (GC), Grupo Aeróbico (GA) y Grupo Resistencia (GR). Las ratas se sacrificaron 48 horas después de la sesión de entrenamiento final. Las concentraciones séricas de las citoquinas se analizaron por ELISA. Resultados: Los niveles de TNF-α fueron mayores en el GR, seguido por los grupos de GA y GC (p < 0.001). Los niveles de IFN-γ e IL-10 no fueron significativamente diferentes entre los grupos (p = 0.097 y p = 0.17, respectivamente). Los niveles de IL-6 y IL-1-β fueron mayores en GA comparado con GR y GC (p = 0.0004 y p = 0.003, respectivamente). En general, nuestros resultados indican mayor perfil antiinflamatorio en GA y probablemente en GR. Conclusión: Se necesitan estudios adicionales para aclarar mejor los efectos de un entrenamiento aeróbico o de resistencia en las citoquinas pro y antiinflamatorias. Además, los estudios futuros deben abordar las vías metabólicas y moleculares involucradas en estas respuestas.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da inclusão da torta de macaúba (TM) na dieta sobre a concentração e o perfil da população de protozoários ciliados do rúmen. Foram utilizadas oito vacas Holandesas, dispostas em dois quadrados latinos 4x4 e alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão da TM (0, 100, 200 e 300g kg-1 de matéria seca na dieta total). Para quantificação e identificação dos protozoários, amostras de 1mL do líquido ruminal de cada animal foram diluídas em 9mL de solução de formaldeído a 10%. Após diluições decimais sucessivas em solução salina, os protozoários foram quantificados em câmara de Sedgewick. A identificação foi realizada sob a luz da microscopia óptica, utilizando-se a objetiva de 40x para caracterizar o mínimo de 100 indivíduos por amostra. As concentrações de protozoários pequenos (P<0,01), médios (P=0,05), grandes (P=0,01) e o número total (P<0,01) apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão da TM nas dietas. Foram encontradas características morfológicas típicas de 16 gêneros de protozoários ciliados, sendo os gêneros Entodinium e Eodinium os mais frequentes no líquido ruminal dos animais avaliados. O perfil da população de protozoários ciliados sofreu pequenas alterações com a inclusão da TM, sendo observada alteração na participação percentual dos gêneros Charonina (P = 0,03) e Polyplastron (P<0,01). A utilização da TM na dieta de bovinos promove redução na concentração e modificação no perfil da população de protozoários ciliados do rúmen.

ABSTRACT The effects of meal macaúba (MM) inclusion on the concentration and profile of the ciliate protozoa of the bovine rumen were evaluated. Eight Holstein cows were used during second lactation, with average 480 kg of body weight, arranged in two 4x4 Latin squares simultaneously and fed four diets with different concentrations of the MM (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg-1). For identification and quantification of protozoa, samples of ruminal fluid from each animal with 1 ml were diluted in 9mL of 10% formaldehyde. After consecutive decimal dilutions in saline solution, protozoa were assessed in a Sedgewick chamber. The identification was carried out under the optical light microscope using a 40x objective to characterize at least 100 individuals per sample. The concentrations of small (P<0.01), medium (P=0.05), large (P= 0.01), and the total number (P<0.01) of protozoa decreased linearly with the increasing MM inclusion. Morphological characteristics typical of 16 genera of ciliates were found, being the Entodinium spp. and Eodinium spp. the most frequent in the rumen fluid of animals evaluated. The profile of the population of ciliated protozoa suffer minor changes with the addition of MM, with a change in the percentage share of Charonina spp. (P = 0.03) and Polyplastron spp. (P <0.01). The use of the MM in the cattle diet promotes reduction in the concentration and change in the profile of the population of rumen ciliates protozoa.

O presente estudo é pioneiro em analisar a composição química dos óleos essenciais das partes aéreas de Turnera subulata Sm. e sua atividade antibacteriana frente à Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a antibióticos. As partes aéreas da planta foram secas em estufa, pulverizadas em moinho mecânico e submetidas à hidrodestilaçao em aparato tipo Clevenger. A composição dos óleos essenciais foi analisada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), e a identificação realizada por comparação dos espectros de massas com a biblioteca do CG-EM e índices de retenção. A atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial foi avaliada usando o método de diluição em caldo, em concentrações que variaram de 3.125µg/mL to 3200µg/mL. Foi possível identificar 45 substâncias (92,1%) do óleo essencial, sendo os componentes majoritários: trans-cariofileno (6,7%), citronelol (5,6%), espatulenol (5,3%), α-cadinol (4,3%), n-tricosano (4,3%), geraniol (4,1%) e trans-geranilacetona (3,7%), n-pentacosano (3,5%), globulol (3,4%) e óxido de cariofileno (3,2%). O óleo essencial de T. subulata Sm. mostrou atividade antibacteriana eficaz para as várias cepas de S. aureus testadas, com valores de CIM entre 25 µg/mL e 1600 µg/mL. O estudo do óleo essencial de Turnera subulata Sm. evidenciou sua complexa mistura, contendo várias classes de substâncias, tendo os sesquiterpenos como constituintes majoritários seguido dos monoterpenos, e mostrou significativa atividade antibacteriana frente as cepas testadas.

The present study is pioneer in analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Turnera subulata Sm. and evaluates their antibacterial activity against a panel of drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The aerial parts were kiln-dried and then powdered in mechanical mill, and was subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The components were analyzed using a mass spectrometrycoupled gas chromatography (GC-MS), and the identification of substances was performed by comparison of the mass spectra obtained with the mass spectra of the database of the GC-MS and retention indices . The essential oil was evaluated using the method of broth dilution at concentrations ranging from 3.125µg/mL to 3200µg/mL. It was possible to identify 45 substances (92.1%) of the essential oils, and the major components were trans-caryophyllene (6.7%), citronellol (5.6%), sphatulenol (5.3%), α-cadinol (4.3%), n-tricosano (4.3%), geraniol (4.1%) and trans-geranilacetone (3.7%), n-pentacosano (3.5%), globulol (3.4%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2%). The essential oil of T. subulata Sm. showed effective antibacterial activity for the various strains of S. aureus tested, with the MIC values between 25 µg/mL and 1600 µg/mL. The study of the essential oil of Turnera subulata Sm. showed that it consists of a complex mixture of several classes of compounds having the sesquiterpenes as major constituents followed by monoterpenes, and showed an antibacterial activity significant front the strains tested.

Objective: To describe the anthropometric and physical fitness profiles of elite soccer players acting in the United Arab Emirates. Method: Twenty seven elite soccer players acting in the United Arab Emirates were underwent to an anthropometric evaluation, an incremental test in treadmill and performed the Running-Based Anaerobic Test (RAST). Results: Body mass index and body fat percentage of the athletes were 23. 1 ± 2. 0 kg. m-2 11. 6 ± 2. 1 %, respectively. Indirect maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was 62. 3 ± 5. 1 ml. kg-1. min-1, mean velocity at VO2max was 17. 6 ± 1. 5 km. h-1, ventilatory threshold (VT) of 13. 8 ± 0. 8 km. h-1, heart rate at VT of 173. 1 ± 8. 6 b. min-1, which represents of 91. 2 ± 2. 8 % of maximum heart rate. RAST resulted in a maximum absolute power of 551. 9 ± 73. 0 W, maximum relative power of 7. 8 ± 0. 4 W. kg-1, mean absolute power of 484. 0 ± 57. 8 W, and mean relative power of 6. 8 ± 0. 2 W. kg-1. Conclusion: The anthropometric profile of soccer players that act in the United Arab Emirates is similar to others around the world. However, regarding the physical fitness, results are still inconclusive, since findings from other studies suggest that the anaerobic power of our sample is alike or lower than other elite players throughout the world. Likewise indirect VO2max, especially given the acknowledged limitations of obtaining indirectly this variable. In addition, making an analysis by playing position, the results of this study are similar to previous research.

Objetivo: Describir el perfil antropométrico y la aptitud física de los jugadores de fútbol de élite que trabajan en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos. Métodos: Veintisiete jugadores de fútbol de élite que trabajan en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos fueron sometidos a una evaluación antropométrica, un test incremental en un tapiz rodante y Running-Based Anaerobic Test (RAST). Resultados: El índice de masa corporal y el porcentaje de grasa fueron 23,1 ± 2,0 kg. m-2 y 11,6 ± 2,1 %, respectivamente. El consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) estimado fue 62,3 ± 5,1 ml. kg-1. min-1, y la velocidad media de VO2máx fue 17,6 ± 1,5 km. h-1, y la velocidad media de umbral ventilatorio (UV) fue 13,8 ± 0,8 km. h-1. La frecuencia cardíaca del UV fue en media 173,1 ± 8,6 b. min-1, lo que representa 91,2 ± 2,8 % de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima. El test RAST resultó en una potencia máxima absoluta de 551,9 ± 73,0 W, potencia máxima relativa de 7,8 ± 0,4 W. kg-1, potencia media absoluta de 484,0 ± 7,8 W, y potencia media relativa de 6,8 ± 0,2 W. kg-1. Conclusión: El perfil antropométrico de los jugadores de fútbol que trabajan en los Emiratos árabes Unidos es similar a otros del resto del mundo. Sin embargo, en cuanto a la aptitud física, los resultados aún no son concluyentes, porque los resultados de otros estudios sugieren que la potencia anaerobia de nuestra muestra es igual o inferior a la de otros jugadores de élite de todo el mundo. Del mismo modo, el VO2max indirecto no es concluyente, teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones reconocidas de obtener indirectamente esta variable. Finalmente, al analizar los jugadores de acuerdo con a la posición táctica, los resultados de este estudio son similares a los estudios anteriores.

Pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos de herbicidas em fungos patogênicos habitantes do solo que infectam os feijoeiros. Foi avaliado o efeito de herbicidas no crescimento micelial de Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii e Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Esses fungos causam as doenças de solo mais danosas do feijão. Avaliou-se, em placas de Petri, o crescimento radial desses fungos em meio batata-dextrose-ágar com cinco concentrações (0, 1, 10, 100 e 1.000 mg L-1) dos herbicidas imazamox, fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, bentazon, glyphosate e S-metolachlor. O crescimento micelial de todos os fungos decresceu acentuadamente apenas com o S-metolachlor na concentração de 1.000 mg L-1. Por isso, o efeito desse herbicida também foi testado em duas concentrações (1.000 ou 12.000 mg L-1) na germinação de escleródios de S. rolfsi e S. sclerotiorum (miceliogênica) ou de S. sclerotiorum (carpogênica). Não houve efeito significativo de S-metolachlor na germinação miceliogênica de escleródios desses dois fungos. Entretanto, o S-metolachlor retardou a germinação carpogênica de escleródios de S. sclerotiorum. Os resultados sugerem que o herbicida S-metolachlor tem potencial de uso no manejo de doenças do feijão causadas por fungos de solo.

Little is known about the effects of herbicides on soil-borne pathogens of the common bean. The effects of herbicides on the mycelial growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were evaluated. These soil-borne fungi cause the most devastating diseases on the common bean. Radial mycelial growth of these fungi was evaluated on potato dextrose agar medium in Petri dishes at five concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100, 1,000 mg L-1) of the herbicides imazamox, fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, bentazon, glyphosate, and S-metolachlor. Mycelial growth of all fungi decreased sharply only with S-metolachlor at 1,000 mg L-1. Thus, the effect of S-metolachlor, at two concentrations (1,000 or 12,000 mg L-1), was evaluated on germination of sclerotia of S. rolfsi and S. sclerotiorum (myceliogenic) or S. sclerotiorum (carpogenic). S-metolachlor did not affect significantly the myceliogenic germination of sclerotia of these two fungi. However, S-metolachlor delayed carpogenic germination of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. Our results suggest that the herbicide S-metolachlor has potential to be used for integrated management of common bean diseases caused by soil-borne fungi.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle e o progresso temporal da ferrugem asiática da soja, causada por Phakopsora pachyrhizi, sob manejo com tratamentos alternativos. Para isso, implementou-se um ensaio em delineamento de blocos completos com tratamentos ao acaso, com 4 repetições, em Itambé-PR, durante a safra 2007/2008. Os tratamentos alternativos foram: biomassa cítrica, extrato bruto e óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora e grãos de kefir. Avaliou-se também o controle químico com azoxistrobina + ciproconazole + adjuvante 0,5 v/v e a testemunha. Para comparação dos tratamentos utilizou-se a severidade da doença (em cinco avaliações), a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), a taxa de progresso da doença, a produtividade e o peso de mil grãos. Foram constatadas diferenças significativas (Pd"0,05) para as avaliações de severidade, para AACPD e para a taxa de progresso da doença. De modo geral, dentre os tratamentos alternativos, a biomassa cítrica e os grãos de kefir apresentaram os maiores índices de controle e menores taxas de progresso da doença, superando os tratamentos com extrato bruto e óleo essencial de E. citriodora. Porém, o tratamento com azoxistrobina + ciproconazole foi mais eficiente para controle e proporcionou as menores taxas de progresso quando comparado aos tratamentos alternativos.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the control and the temporal progress of Asian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, under management with alternative treatments. Thus, an experiment was carried out under a randomized block design, in Itambé, municipality, Paraná State, Brazil, during the cropping season 2007/2008. The alternative treatments were: citric biomass, crude extract and essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora and kefir grains. Chemical control using azoxystrobin + cyproconazol + adjuvant 0,5v/v was also evaluated. Disease severity (in five evaluations), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease progress rate, productivity and 1000 grain weight were used for comparison among treatments. Significant differences (Pd"0,05) were observed for severity, AUDPC and disease progress rate. In general, citric biomass and kefir grains had the highest control indexes and lower disease progression rates among the alternative treatments showing to be superior to the treatments with crude extract and essential oil of E. citriodora. However, azoxystrobin + cyproconazol were more efficient to control the disease and led to the lowest progress rates, relative to the alternative treatments.

RESUMO Clostridium perfringens é o agente responsável pela enterite necrótica em leitões, caracterizada por diarréia, perda de peso e morte. O presente estudo objetivou a tipificação de C. perfringens a partir de fezes de leitões diarréicos pela técnica da PCR multiplex, utilizando iniciadores específicos para os genes das toxinas alfa (cpa), beta (cpb), beta-2 (cpb-2), épsilon (etx), iota (ia) e enterotoxina (cpe). Foram utilizadas 65 amostras fecais de leitões com idade variando entre sete a 36 dias. O material foi semeado em ágar gema de ovo com cicloserina. Colônias sugestivas de C. perfringens foram submetidas à coloração pelo método de Gram e caracterização bioquímica. Após certificado o crescimento e pureza, os clostrídios foram subcultivados em ágar sangue. Os extratos de DNA para amplificação da PCR foram obtidos por lise direta de uma colônia isolada, não sendo realizada a purificação do DNA. Bacilos anaeróbicos Gram-positivos foram isolados de 59 das 65 amostras fecais testadas. Vinte e sete foram identificadas como C. perfringens e tipificadas, sendo 21 (77,8%) do tipo A, cinco destas apresentavam o gene cpb-2; cinco (18,5%) eram do tipo C, quatro destas apresentavam o gene cpb-2; uma amostra (3,7%) era do tipo D e nenhuma foi positiva para o gene iA ou cpe. Neste estudo Clostridium perfringens tipo A foi o mais prevalente em fezes de leitões diarréicos.

ABSTRACT Clostridium perfringens causes necrotic enteritis in piglets, characterized by diarrhea, weight loss and death. The purpose of this study was to genotype C. perfringens strains isolated from diarrheic piglets by multiplex PCR, using specific primers for genes of alpha (cpa), beta (cpb), beta-2 (cpb2), epsilon (etx), enterotoxin (cpe) and iota (ia) toxins. Sixty-five samples from diarrheic piglets ranging from 7 to 36 days of age were studied. The material was seeded into egg-yolk agar with cicloserine. Colonies with suspicion of C. perfringens were subjected to Gram staining and biochemical identification. After certification for purity, bacteria were subcultivated in blood agar and one single colony was used as a DNA template for PCR amplification after direct bacterial lysis. No DNA purification procedure was used. Anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli were isolated from 59 out of 65 fecal samples tested. Among these, 27 were identified as C. perfringens and typified by multiplex PCR. Twenty-one (77.8%) of these isolates were type A, of which 5 had thecpb-2 gene. Five (18.5%) were type C and 4 of them contained the cpb-2 gene. One (3.7%) was type D, while no strains were positive for ia or cpe genes. This study demonstrated that Clostridium perfringens A is the most common type in feces of diarrheic piglets.

Apesar da importância na dinâmica dos ecossistemas aquáticos, as macrófitas podem formar densas e extensas colonizações em corpos hídricos cujos equilíbrios ecológicos foram rompidos. Nessas condições, essas plantas promovem uma série de problemas que as tornam alvos de controle. Para elaboração de planos adequados de manejo dessa vegetação, é fundamental o conhecimento das dinâmicas relativas das populações que a compõem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar levantamentos mensais da composição específica da comunidade de macrófitas que coloniza o reservatório de Santana, localizado no município de Piraí/RJ, monitorando 97 pontos georreferenciados, abrangendo toda a lâmina d'água. Foram identificadas 41 espécies, inseridas em 21 famílias botânicas. As famílias Poaceae, Pontederiaceae e Cyperacae foram as que apresentaram os maiores números de espécies ao longo do ano. Salvinia herzogii e Egeria densa apresentaram as maiores notas anuais de colonização do reservatório. As populações de Eichhornia azurea, Brachiaria arrecta e Paspalum repens completaram o grupo das espécies numericamente mais relevantes. As plantas de hábito flutuante tenderam a apresentar populações com padrão de distribuição geográfica casualizado, enquanto as espécies fixadas no sedimento e as submersas apresentaram populações com padrão agregado. Não houve expressivas variações mensais dos valores dos índices de diversidade (H') e de equitabilidade (E') das comunidades de macrófitas aquáticas ao longo do ano. O dendrograma construído com o coeficiente de Odum mostrou uma seqüência lógica dos meses, evidenciando uma definida sucessão de populações divididas em dois grupos de similaridade separados pelo mês de junho. Nessa época, o nível de água do reservatório foi reduzido e o sedimento ficou exposto, favorecendo as espécies de hábito emergente.

Despite the importance of aquatic ecosystem dynamics, aquatic macrophytes can form dense and extensive populations in water bodies whose ecological balance was disrupted. Under these conditions, these plants promote an array of problems that make them a target for control practices. To elaborate management plans for this vegetation, knowledge on the population dynamics of the species forming these communities is necessary. Thereby, monthly surveys were carried out to evaluate the species composition of this community colonizing the Santana eservoir (Piraí, RJ), by monitoring 97 geo-referenced points covering most of the water surface. Forty-one species were identified as belonging to 21 different botanical families. The families Poaceae, Pontederiacea and Cyperaceae presented the largest number of species over the year. Salvinia herzogii and Egeria densa presented the highest colonization rates. The populations of Eichhornia azurea, Brachiaria arrecta and Paspalum repens completed the group of species numerically most relevant. The floating plants tended to present populations with randomized distribution patterns, while species that were fixed to the sediment presented populations with aggregated patterns. There were no expressive variations in diversity (H') and equitability (E') indexes of the macrophyte community over the year. The dendrogram, built with the Odum similarity coefficient, showed a logic sequence of the months, highlighting a well-defined succession of the populations divided into two similarity groups separated by the month of June. During this month, the reservoir water level was low and the sediment was exposed, creating an ideal condition for the emerging habitat species.

Antibiotic susceptibility of the Staphylococcus spp. isolated from chicken carcass from the city of Recife, Pernambuco, was determined. Out of 90 strains of Staphylococcus spp., 51 were classified as Staphylococcus aureus and 39 as Staphylococcus negative coagulase. Samples were submitted to the disc diffusion technique for the antibiotic susceptibility test. Among the 17 antibiotics tested, the most efficient was vancomycin. Twenty (22.2%), 11 (12.2%) and 10 (11.1%) of the Staphylococcus spp. samples were resistant to five, six and 14 antibiotics, respectively.