ABSTRACT The hidden hunger for Se in the world population is well known. As a strategy to address this issue, this study aimed to biofortify onion (Allium cepa L.), since it is a condiment vegetable consumed by different economic classes and is widely used in the food industry. To this end, Se doses (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 g ha-1) and application forms (soil and foliar) were evaluated on the biofortification of the bulb and crop yield. The Se source was sodium selenate. Via soil, Se was applied together with NPK fertilizer in the pre-transplantation of the seedlings. Via foliar application, Se was sprayed 77 d after seedlings were transplanted. The Se increased yield up to 99 g ha-1, which was 14.7% higher than the yield obtained in the crop not fertilized with Se. Foliar application of Se was more efficient than soil application in the biofortification of onion, although both were effective. With the dose that promoted the highest yield, the Se concentrations reached 0.487 and 0.317 mg Se kg-1 in onion dry mass, when the supply was made via foliar and soil applications, respectively. The increase in Se supply did not influence bulb quality, as demonstrated by the macro- and micronutrients content and pungency.

ABSTRACT Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a species with promising potential for commercial production; therefore, studies involving practices of conducting culture in the initial stage are essential. The present study aimed to evaluate different shading levels and substrate compositions in the seedling production of tamarind. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4×4 factorial scheme, four levels of shading (0%, 18%, 30%, and 50%) and four substrates (pine bark-based substrate pure and mixed with 50% vermiculite, and sphagnum peat-based substrate pure and mixed with 50% vermiculite), with four replicates of four seedlings. Growth and biometric relationships were evaluated at 40 and 98 d after transplantation (DAT). The results reported that seedlings formed on the sphagnum peat-based substrate on pure or associated with vermiculite at 98 DAT had a height greater than 35 cm and a total 8.5 g DM. In contrast, seedlings produced in pine bark-based substrate did not reach 20 cm in height and had less than 3 g total DM. The condition of 30% and 50% shading promoted greater growth in height, reaching an average height greater than 40 cm, while in the full sun environment, seedlings showed an average of less than 35 cm; however, for the other variables, full sun environment did not differ from 30% shading, producing good quality seedlings. Thus, the cultivation of seedlings in an environment with 0% or 30% shading, associated with the sphagnum peat-based substrate pure or mixed with 50% vermiculite promoted the production of tamarind seedlings with vigorous growth. In the best environments, the best substrates increased, on average, 41.3% number of leaves, 80.5% shoot dry mass, 56.8% root dry mass, and 71.0% total dry mass. In the best substrates, the best environments increased, on average, 18.0% number of leaves, 20.7% shoot dry mass, 8.7% root dry mass, and 14.3% total dry mass.

Resumo Algumas cultivares de figueira (Ficus carica L.), nomeadamente do grupo São Pedro, produzem uma primeira colheita de figos no final da primavera que se designa por figos lampos. Estes figos são partenocárpicos e desenvolvem-se nos ramos do ano anterior, estando em produção entre maio/junho até julho. Sendo a primeira colheita numa época do ano em que há pouca oferta de figos no mercado, os figos lampos podem alcançar bons preços, sendo por isso uma opção lucrativa. Todavia, alcançar produções competitivas depende da utilização de cultivares produtivas, produtoras de figos de qualidade e adaptadas às nossas condições de cultura. Face ao problema da escolha de cultivares para novas plantações de forma a satisfazer os requerimentos agronómicos e comerciais, foram estudadas sete cultivares produtoras de figos lampos quanto às características qualitativas de maior interesse. Avaliaram-se os parâmetros biométricos como o peso, calibre, altura e comprimento do pedúnculo; os parâmetros físico-químicos como a dureza, o teor de sólidos solúveis totais (TSS) e os parâmetros colorimétricos L*, a*, b*, °hue. Entre as características de qualidade avaliadas do fruto, o tamanho, o peso, a dureza e a coloração dos figos mostraram um proeminente papel na escolha de cultivares a considerar plantar. No entanto, o comprimento do pedúnculo e o TSS não são fatores tão decisivos, uma vez que não manifestaram diferenças significativas entre as cultivares.

Abstract Some cultivars of fig tree (Ficus carica L.), namely from the San Pedro group, produced a first harvest of figs at the end of spring, known as breba figs. These figs are parthenocarpic and develop on the previous year's branches, producing from May/June to July. As a first harvest at a time of year when the supply of figs is low, breba figs can achieve good prices, making them a profitable option. However, achieving competitive productions depends on using productive cultivars, producing quality figs and adapted to our growing conditions. Faced with the problem of selecting cultivars for new plantations in order to test the agronomic and commercial requirements, seven cultivars producing breba figs were studied for the qualitative traits of greatest interest. Biometric parameters such as weight, fruit diameter, height and peduncle length were evaluated; physico-chemical parameters such as firmness, total soluble solids content (TSS) and colorimetric parameters L*, a*, b*, °hue. Among the quality characteristics evaluated in the fruits, the size, weight, firmness, and the color of the figs played a prominent role in choosing the cultivars to consider for planting. However, the length of the peduncle and the TSS are not so decisive factors, since they did not show differences between the cultivars.

Abstract During an expedition in which we randomly placed 341 plots across a large elevation range (1100- 3880 m) and spatial gradient (~270 km) in the Eastern Cordillera, we found a new species of the genus Lepanthes in Santuario de Fauna y Flora de Iguaque, Boyaca, Colombia. We propose L. bachue as a new species that is most similar to L. papallactae but it differs in its proliferous plants (vs. non proliferous), the petals with the upper lobe 2.5 mm long, the lower lobe 4.5 mm long, larger than the upper one, and the margins fimbriate (vs. lobes subequal, 4.5 mm long and shortly pubescent) and the lip with the blades oblong, sub-sigmoid, adnate to the middle of the column with a short oblong, bifid, an appendix hiding in the middle (vs. blades narrowly elliptical-oblong, adnate to the column above the middle with a recurved pedunculate, biglandular appendix). Our extensive sampling across different areas suggests that this species is geographically restricted and highly specialized in terms of habitat. Thus, it is urgent to protect its natural habitat and population.

Resumen En expediciones en la Cordillera Oriental, durante un muestreo aleatorio de 341 cuadrantes a lo largo de un amplio gradiente elevacional (1100-3880 m) y geográfico (~270 km), encontramos una especie nueva del género Lepanthes en el Santuario de Fauna y Flora de Iguaque, Boyacá, Colombia. Proponemos L. bachue como especie nueva similar a L. papallactae pero difiere por su crecimiento prolifero (vs. no prolifero), el lóbulo superior del labelo de 2.5 mm de largo, el lóbulo inferior 4.5 mm de largo, más largo que el lóbulo superior, y márgenes fimbriados (vs. lobulos de tamaño similar, 4.5 mm de largo cortamente pubescentes) y las láminas del labelo oblongas, sub-sigmoides, adnado a la mitad de la columna con un apéndice amarillo, corto, oblongo, bífido escondido en la mitad (vs. láminas estrechamente elíptico-oblongas, adnado a la mitad de la columna con un apéndice biglandular recurvado). Nuestro amplio muestreo, en términos de elevación y geográfico, evidencia que la nueva especie está geográficamente restringida al Santuario de Fauna y Flora de Iguaque presentando un alto nivel de especialización de hábitat, por tanto, es necesario proteger su hábitat natural y la población conocida hasta ahora.

ABSTRACT Investigation of multicollinearity allows parameters in multivariate analysis to be estimated with higher precision and with biological interpretation. In order to generate reliable estimates of the degree of multicollinearity, it is necessary to use appropriate sample size. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the sample size (number of plants) necessary to estimate the indicators of the degree of multicollinearity - condition number (CN), correlation matrix determinant (DET), and variance inflation factor (VIF) - in morphological traits of rye and to verify the variability of the sample size between the indicators. Five and three uniformity trials were conducted with the cultivars BRS Progresso and Temprano, respectively. Eight morphological traits were evaluated in 780 plants in eight trials. For each trial, 22 cases were selected among the 28 formed by the combination of eight traits, taken six by six, totaling 176 cases. In each case, 197 sample sizes were planned (20, 25, 30, ..., 1,000 plants) and in each size 2,000 resampling procedures with replacement were performed, CN, DET, and VIF were determined and the average among 2,000 estimates was calculated. For each case and indicator (CN, DET, and VIF), the sample size was determined through three models: modified maximum curvature method and linear and quadratic segmented models with plateau response. There is variability between sample sizes between indicators, with larger sample sizes required for DET, followed by CN and VIF, in that order, with at least 180, 116 and 85 plants, respectively.

RESUMO A investigação da multicolinearidade permite que parâmetros em análises multivariadas sejam estimados com maior precisão e com interpretação biológica. Para ter confiabilidade nas estimativas do grau de multicolinearidade, é necessário utilizar adequado tamanho de amostra. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o tamanho de amostra (número de plantas) necessário para a estimação dos indicadores do grau de multicolinearidade - número de condição (NC), determinante da matriz de correlação (DET) e fator de inflação da variância (FIV) -em caracteres morfológicos de centeio e verificar a variabilidade do tamanho de amostra entre os indicadores. Foram conduzidos cinco e três ensaios de uniformidade com as cultivares BRS Progresso e Temprano, respectivamente. Foram avaliados oito caracteres morfológicos em 780 plantas em oito ensaios. Para cada ensaio, foram selecionados 22 casos entre os 28 formados pela combinação de oito caracteres, tomados seis a seis, totalizando 176 casos. Para cada caso, foram planejados 197 tamanhos de amostra (20, 25, 30, ..., 1.000 plantas) e para cada tamanho foram realizadas 2.000 reamostragens, com reposição, determinados o NC, DET e FIV e calculada a média das 2.000 estimativas. Após, para cada caso e indicador, foi determinado o tamanho de amostra, por meio de três modelos: método da máxima curvatura modificado e modelos linear e quadrático segmentados com resposta em platô. Há variabilidade entre os tamanhos de amostra entre os indicadores, com necessidade de maiores tamanhos de amostra para DET, seguido de NC e FIV, nessa ordem, com no mínimo de 180, 116 e 85 plantas, respectivamente.

Abstract The expansion of residential areas has increased the demand for exotic and increasingly compact landscape plants. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and the timing of ethylene application on growth reduction and flowering anticipation in ornamental pineapples grown in pots. The randomized block design was used with factorial arrangement (2 x 5) and 4 replications and 4 plants per plot. The primary treatments are the presence and absence of PBZ. The secondary treatments were five times of floral induction with ethylene: 90; 120; 150; 180; 210 days after transplanting (DAT) the seedlings into the pots. It was evaluated the variables: height ratio between the heights of the pot and the plant; rosette diameter; leaves length ‘D’ and flowering index. At 255 DAT, although the plants did not respond to floral induction with ethylene, only those treated with PBZ were more compact and had different characteristics such as smaller size and a ratio below 1/3 of the height of the vase in relation to the plant that to favor its commercialization, in pot.

Resumo A diminuição das áreas residenciais tem aumentado a demanda por plantas paisagísticas exóticas e cada vez mais compactas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do paclobutrazol (PBZ) e das épocas de aplicação de etileno na redução do crescimento e na antecipação da floração em abacaxizeiro ornamental cultivado em vaso. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial (2 x 5), com 4 repetições e 4 plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos primários foram a presença e a ausência de PBZ. Os tratamentos secundários foram cinco épocas de indução floral com etileno: 90; 120; 150; 180; 210 dias após o transplantio (DAT) das mudas, para os vasos. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: altura da planta; relação entre as alturas do vaso e da planta; diâmetro da roseta; comprimento da folha ‘D’ e índice de florescimento. Aos 255 DAT, apesar das plantas não responderem à indução floral com o etileno, apenas aquelas tratadas com PBZ apresentaram-se mais compactas e com características diferenciadas como menor porte e relação abaixo de 1/3 da altura do vaso em relação a da planta que favorecer sua comercialização, em vaso.

RESUMEN: Para garantizar semillas y plántulas de alta calidad fisiológica y sanitaria, que den como resultado una planta uniforme y libre de patógenos, se deben investigar medidas que puedan mejorar el potencial, la tolerancia y la resiliencia de la semilla, como el uso de inductores de resistencia. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar cómo diferentes inductores de resistencia afectan el comportamiento fisiológico y la calidad sanitaria de semillas y plántulas de remolacha (Beta vulgaris L.). El tratamiento de semillas de remolacha se realizó con un testigo (agua destilada), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens y Trichoderma harzianum. Se evaluaron la germinación, la longitud de las plántulas, la masa seca de las plántulas, la salud de las semillas, la cuantificación de proteínas en los tejidos de las plantas y la actividad de la fenilalanina amoniaco-liasa. Los inductores de resistencia no tuvieron efectos negativos sobre el potencial fisiológico de las semillas tratadas con todos los inductores evaluados. En cuanto a la calidad sanitaria de las semillas, los tratamientos de semillas de remolacha con dosis de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens de 3,0 y 6,0 mL L -1 y de Trichoderma harzianum iguales o superiores a 0,125 mL L -1 redujeron significativamente la incidencia de Fusarium sp. Solo el tratamiento con Trichoderma harzianum redujo la incidencia de Damping off previo a la emergencia, en todas las dosis probadas. Se observó un efecto significativo en la reducción del contenido de proteína total en semillas tratadas con Bacillus amyloliquefaciens y Trichoderma harzianum.

ABSTRACT: High physiological and sanitary quality seeds and seedlings, resulting in a uniform and pathogen-free plant, require further study of possible approaches to improve seed potential, tolerance, and resilience, including the use of resistance inducers. This study aims to determine how different resistance inducers affect the physiological performance and sanitary quality of seeds and seedlings of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). The treatment of beet seeds was carried out with a control group (distilled water), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Trichoderma harzianum. Germination, seedling length, dry mass, seed health, protein quantification in plant tissues, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity were all assessed. The resistance inducers had no adverse effects on the physiological potential of seeds treated with all evaluated inducers. Regarding the sanitary quality of seeds, beet seed treatments with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens doses of 3.0 and 6.0 mL L-1 of and Trichoderma harzianum doses equal to or greater than 0.125 mL L-1 significantly reduced the incidence of Fusarium sp. Only the Trichoderma harzianum treatment reduced the incidence of pre-emergence Damping off at all doses tested. A significant effect was observed in reducing total protein contents in seeds treated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the interaction between genotypes and environments and to identify adapted and stable genotypes for grain seed yield. Twenty-one cultivars were evaluated in randomized blocks with four replications in the years 2016, 2017, and 2018 in the northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil, for seed yield and oil content. Factor regression methodologies and principal component analysis were used with predictions of the sum of the genotypic effects and the interaction to quantify the role of five environmental covariates in the genotype x environment interaction; the Harmonic Mean Method of Relative Performance of Genotypic Values was used for identifying adapted and stable genotypes. The covariance biplot model is useful for relating important environmental factors and indicating their relative effect on seed yield and oil content. Rainfall, relative humidity and maximum temperature contribute positively to increasing oil content while minimum temperature and solar radiation reduce it. Within the limits of the work, the maximum temperature positively influences grain production while the minimum reduces it. The most stable genotypes and those adapted for grain seed yield and oil content are BMX OPUS IPRO, P 98Y70 RR, BRS 333 RR, BRS 9280 RR, M 8644 IPRO, M 8372 IPRO, and ST 920 RR.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência de variáveis ambientais na interação entre genótipos e ambientes e identificar genótipos adaptados e estáveis para a produção de sementes. Vinte e uma cultivares foram avaliadas em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições nos anos de 2016, 2017 e 2018 no semiárido nordestino do Brasil, para rendimento de sementes e teor de óleo. Metodologias de regressão fatorial e análise de componentes principais foram utilizadas com previsões da soma dos efeitos genotípicos e a interação para quantificar o papel de cinco covariáveis ambientais na interação genótipo x ambiente; o Método da Média Harmônica de Desempenho Relativo de Valores Genotípicos foi usado para identificar genótipos adaptados e estáveis. O modelo biplot de covariância é útil para relacionar fatores ambientais importantes e indicar seu efeito relativo no rendimento de sementes e no teor de óleo. A precipitação, a umidade relativa e a temperatura máxima contribuem positivamente para aumentar o teor de óleo, enquanto a temperatura mínima e a radiação solar o reduzem. Dentro dos limites do trabalho, a temperatura máxima influencia positivamente a produção de grãos enquanto a mínima a reduz. Os genótipos mais estáveis e adaptados para rendimento de sementes de grãos e teor de óleo são BMX OPUS IPRO, P 98Y70 RR, BRS 333 RR, BRS 9280 RR, M 8644 IPRO, M 8372 IPRO e ST 920 RR.

ABSTRACT Desiccating herbicides can promote uniformity of maturation, and early harvest and provide improvements in the physical, physiological, and sanitary seeds quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of herbicides in early harvest and in the physiological quality of chickpea seeds. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with four replications, considering a complete factorial design with one control (no application) + two factors (four herbicides x three different doses): glufosinate-ammonium (200, 400 and 500 g a.i./ha); diquat (200, 400 and 500 g a.i./ha); carfentrazoneethyl (15, 30 and 37.5 g a.i./ha) and saflufenacil (49, 98 and 122.5 g a.i./ha). Saflufenacil (49 g a.i./ha) showed the lowest harvest anticipation (4 days) and a low percentage of vigor (50.25%). Glufosinate (400 g a.i./ha), was the most promising as it increased germination to 83.75% and vigor to 78.25%, in addition to promoting the anticipation of harvest by up to 17 days, while the normal cycle of the crop, observed in the control, was 154 days.

RESUMO Herbicidas dessecantes podem promover a uniformidade de maturação, antecipar a colheita e proporcionar melhorias na qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária das sementes. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o uso de herbicidas dessecantes na antecipação da colheita e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de grão-de-bico. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da dessecação com os herbicidas nas respectivas doses: glufosinate ammonium (200, 400 e 500 g i.a./ha); diquat (200, 400 e 500 g i.a./ha); carfentrazone ethyl (15, 30 e 37,5 g i.a./ha) e saflufenacil (49, 98 e 122,5 g i.a./ha). O arranjo experimental foi em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 + 1 (testemunha como tratamento adicional, sem herbicida), em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O saflufenacil, sob 49 g i.a./ha, foi o que apresentou a menor antecipação da colheita (4 dias) e baixo percentual de vigor (50,25%). O glufosinato, sob 400 g i.a./ha, foi o mais promissor na dessecação, por possibilitar maior germinação (83,75%) e vigor (78,25%), além de promover a antecipação da colheita em até 17 dias, enquanto o ciclo normal da cultura do grão-de-bico, observado na testemunha, foi de 154 dias.

ABSTRACT Multicollinearity must be diagnosed in multivariate analyses. Among the indicators, the condition number can be used to quantify the degree of multicollinearity. Hence, this study sought to determine the number of measurements (trials) necessary to estimate the number of condition in linear correlation matrices between rye traits. Five uniformity trials were carried out with ‘BRS Progresso’ rye, and eight morphological traits and eight productive traits were evaluated, forming two groups. In each group of traits, six cases (combinations of traits) were planned and the multicollinearity diagnosis was performed. Repeatability analyses were performed using the following methods: analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and structural analysis, and the number of measurements (trials) was determined for different levels of precision. A higher condition number of repeatability coefficients was obtained by the principal component methods (based on correlation and variance and covariance matrices) and structural analysis based on the variance and covariance matrix. A greater number of measurements (trials) is necessary to estimate the number of conditions in productive traits compared to morphological ones. One trial is enough to efficiently estimate the condition number with a minimum accuracy of 80% in morphological and productive traits of rye, whereas at least three trials are required for 95% accuracy.

ABSTRACT Information on irrigation management is essential for achieving satisfactory results when cultivating the green pepper. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the effects of water deficit, which varies according to phenological stage, on the production, growth and physiology of a crop of green peppers. The experimental design was completely randomised, with seven treatments, four repetitions, and plots comprising two plants. The treatments consisted of replacing the water demand during phenological phases I, II, III and IV (in terms of percentage ETc): T1 - 100%/I, 100%/II, 100%/III and 100%/IV; T2 - 100%/I, 75%/II, 100%/III and 75%/IV; T3 - 100%/I, 75%/II, 75%/III and 75%/IV; T4 - 100%/I, 75%/II, 75%/III and 50%/IV; T5 - 100%/I, 50%/II, 75%/III and 50%/IV; T6 - 100%/I, 50%/II, 50%/III and 50%/IV; T7 - 100%/I, 50%/II, 50%/III and 25%/IV. The plants were grown in the field under drip irrigation. The following variables were analysed: plant height; stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry weight, number of fruits per plant, soluble solids, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, productivity, relative chlorophyll index, gas exchange, and water use efficiency. Compared to T1, management based on T2, T3 and T4 did not reduce expression of the vast majority of the vegetative variables or of gas exchange. The water deficit from T2 can be employed without any significant reduction in productivity and affords water savings of 12.5% in relation to T1. T1 and T2 give the highest values for water use efficiency. Management based on T1 and T2 is therefore recommended for cultivating the green pepper under field conditions.

ABSTRACT Background: Clay extraction sites result from mining activities they present sterile, compacted and low-nutrient soils. They have been housing eucalypts crops for wood production. Their management, together with green manure inoculated with symbiont microorganisms, can increase the efficiency of nutrient uptake and reduce the need for chemical fertilization. The aim of the present study is to assess the growth and uptake of macronutrients by Eucalyptus grandis seedlings grown in substrate from clay extraction sites, based on intercropping system farming, with green manure inoculated with rhizobia and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs). The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with three repetitions, and the following treatments: cultivation of eucalypt (no intercropping) inoculated, or not, with AMFs; eucalypt intercropping system with Canavalia ensiformis Lam. or Canavalia brasiliensis Mart ex Benth., inoculated, or not, with AMF´s and/or rhizobia. Isolates of the symbiont microorganism were collected from spontaneous plants grown in clay extraction-site soils. Eucalypt seedlings and green manure were grown, together, in 6 L pots filled with substrate from clay extraction sites. Green manure shoot was cut 45 days after cultivation and eucalypt was harvested 60 days after it. Results: Inoculation with AMF´s+ rhizobia reduced the C:N ratio and increased N and P acquisition by C. ensiformis. Conclusions: Inoculation of native AMFs from the clay extraction site was effective in boosting the growth and nutrient acquisition of eucalypt plants grown in this substrate, in cultivation intercropped, or not, with C. ensiformis or C. brasiliensis. It also reduced visible symptoms of nutritional deficiency. Ca, Mg and K concentration in eucalypt plants was not changed by green manure cultivation or by inoculation with AMFs or rhizobia.

Resumo Este trabalho, que é resultado de uma tese de doutorado, tem por objetivo compreender como um espaço formativo compartilhado pode promover mudanças de qualidade das ações de ensino. Para isso, constituímos um espaço formativo compartilhado com uma professora, em uma escola estadual localizada em um bairro periférico, para organização do ensino de ciências da natureza para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Os resultados apontaram ações orientadas por objetivos intencionais e conscientes, realizadas em uma unidade dinâmica e de modo compartilhado, como desencadeadoras de aprendizagens e de novas ações para a atividade de ensino. A constituição de espaços compartilhados, organizados nessa perspectiva, possibilita o desenvolvimento psíquico de docentes e mudanças na qualidade do ensino. trabalho doutorado isso professora periférico fundamental conscientes compartilhados perspectiva

Resumen Este trabajo, que es el resultado de una tesis doctoral, tiene como objetivo comprender cómo un espacio de formación compartido puede promover cambios en la calidad de las acciones docentes. Para ello, constituimos un espacio de formación compartido con una profesora, en una escuela del Estado, ubicada en un barrio periférico, para organizar la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en los años iniciales de la escuela primaria. Los resultados apuntaron a acciones guiadas por objetivos intencionales y conscientes, realizadas en unidad dinámica y de forma compartida, como desencadenantes de aprendizajes y nuevas acciones para la actividad docente. La constitución de espacios compartidos, organizados en esta perspectiva, posibilita el desarrollo psíquico de los docentes y cambios en la calidad de la enseñanza. trabajo doctoral ello profesora Estado periférico primaria conscientes compartida docente compartidos perspectiva

Abstract This work, which is the result of a doctoral thesis, aims to understand how a shared training space can promote changes in the quality of teaching actions. For this, we constituted a training space shared with a teacher, in a state school, located in a peripheral neighborhood, to organize the teaching of natural sciences for the initial years of elementary school. The results pointed to actions guided by intentional and conscious objectives, carried out in a dynamic unit and in a shared way, as triggering learning and new actions for the teaching activity. The constitution of shared spaces, organized in this perspective, enables the psychic development of teachers and changes in the quality of teaching. work thesis teacher school neighborhood objectives way activity spaces perspective

Résumé Ce travail, issu d’une thèse de doctorat, vise à comprendre comment un espace de formation partagé peut promouvoir des modifications de qualité dans les actions d’enseignement. A ce fin, nous avons mis en place un espace de formation partagé avec une enseignante, dans une école publique d’un quartier périphérique, afin d’organiser l’enseignement des sciences naturelles pour les premières années d’école primaire. Les résultats ont montré que quand les actions sont guidées par des objectifs intentionnels conscients et s’inscrivent dans une unité dynamique de manière partagée, elles sont des déclencheurs d’apprentissage et de nouvelles actions pour l’activité d’enseignement. La mise en place d’espaces partagés, organisés dans cette perspective, favorise le développement psychique des enseignant.e.s et provoque des améliorations en termes de qualité de l’enseignement. travail dune d doctorat denseignement. denseignement enseignement. enseignement d’enseignement fin enseignante dun périphérique dorganiser organiser lenseignement l décole primaire sinscrivent s inscrivent partagée dapprentissage apprentissage lactivité activité despaces espaces partagés perspective enseignantes enseignant e lenseignement.

Resumo: O uso de equipamento de infravermelho para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes tem se tornado uma técnica de extrema importância, uma vez que, não é destrutiva para a semente e é segura para o operador. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas, na primeira realizou-se a curva de deterioração controlada, e na segunda etapa, realizou-se a validação do processo NIR XDS, por meio de modelagem para classificação dos lotes. A técnica utilizada para a deterioração controlada mostrou-se eficiente uma vez que: com um índice de razão de banda maior, o espectro tem uma amplitude maior e menor potencial fisiológico, o contrário também é válido, quando o índice de bandas for menor, a amplitude do espectro é menor e notaram-se maiores valores de germinação e vigor. Pelo segundo estudo concluiu-se que, espectros gerados por equipamento NIR XDS podem ser utilizados de forma rápida para tomadas de decisão sobre as amostras de semente de milho, considerando uma classificação binária para os parâmetros de germinação e vigor de acordo com os valores de aprovação e reprovação de lotes considerados neste estudo. Resumo importância que operador etapas realizouse realizou etapa mostrouse mostrou fisiológico válido notaramse notaram concluiuse concluiu milho

Abstract: The use of infrared equipment to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds has become an extremely important technique for the operation, since it is not destructive to the seed and is safe for the operator. The experiment was divided into two stages, in the first, the controlled deterioration curve was carried out, and in the second stage, the validation of the NIR XDS process was carried out, through modeling for classification of the lots. The technique used for controlled deterioration proved to be efficient to show that with a higher band ratio index, the spectrum has a greater amplitude and lower physiological potential, the opposite is also valid, when the band index is smaller, the spectrum amplitude is smaller and higher values of germination and vigor were observed. For the second stage, it was concluded that spectra generated by NIR XDS equipment can be used quickly for decision making on corn seed samples, considering a binary classification for the parameters of germination and vigor according to the approval and disapproval values of lots considered in this study. Abstract operation operator stages first out stage potential valid observed samples study

RESUMO O conhecimento do efeito de condicionadores químicos na redução dos efeitos deletérios provocados pela salinidade nas culturas é de grande importância para a expansão do cultivos tais como abobrinha na região semiárida do Nordeste. Nesse contexto, no presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio como atenuador do estresse salino sob as trocas gasosas, a produção e a qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de abobrinha italiana cultivada em sistema hidropônico. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em sistema hidropônico tipo Técnica de Fluxo de Nutrientes em casa de vegetação, em Pombal — PB. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 4, sendo quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva - CEsn (2,1 (controle); 3,6; 5,1 e 6,6 dS m−1), e quatro concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio — H2O2 (0; 20; 40 e 60 μM), com três repetições. A solução nutritiva com condutividade elétrica acima de 2,1 dS m−1 promoveu redução nas trocas gasosas e no número total de frutos de abobrinha italiana. A elevação dos níveis salinos da solução nutritiva aumentou o teor de sólidos solúveis totais dos frutos e a fluorescência inicial de abobrinha italiana. Em condições de salinidade da solução nutritiva acima de 2,1 dS m−1, o peróxido de hidrogênio não conseguiu atenuar os efeitos do estresse salino. A aplicação de 20 μM de H2O2 quando as plantas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva de 2,1 dS m−1 promoveu maior peso total dos frutos e diâmetro basal dos frutos.

ABSTRACT Knowledge about the effect of chemical conditioners on the reduction of the deleterious effects caused by salinity on crops is of great importance for the expansion of the cultivation of vegetable crops such as zucchini in the semi-arid region of the Northeast. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the foliar application of hydrogen peroxide as a mitigator of salt stress on the gas exchange, production, and postharvest fruit quality of zucchini cultivated in a hydroponic system. The study was conducted in NFT-type (Nutrient Film Technique) hydroponic system in a greenhouse, in Pombal — PB, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1 (control); 3.6; 5.1 and 6.6 dS m−1), and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0; 20; 40 and 60 μM), with three replicates. Nutrient solution with electrical conductivity above 2.1 dS m−1 caused a reduction in gas exchange and the total number of fruits of zucchini. An increase in nutrient solution salinity levels increased the total soluble solids content of the fruits and the initial fluorescence of zucchini. Under conditions of nutrient solution salinity above 2.1 dS m−1, hydrogen peroxide could not mitigate the effects of salt stress. Application of 20 μM of H2O2 when the plants were grown in a nutrient solution of 2.1 dS m−1 promoted higher total fruit weight and basal diameter of the fruits.