Abstract Quantitative data obtained from native forests is costly and time-consuming. Thus, alternative measurement methods need to be developed to provide reliable information, especially in Atlantic Rain Forests. In this study we evaluated the hypothesis that the combination of an Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can provide accurate quantitative information on tree height, volume, and aboveground biomass of the Araucaria angustifolia species. The study was carried out in Atlantic Rain forest fragments in southern Brazil. We tested and evaluated 3 digital canopy height model (CHM) scenarios: 1) CHM derived from ALS models; 2) CHM derived from UAV models; and 3) CHM from a combined ALS digital terrain model and UAV digital surface model. The height value at each tree coordinate was extracted from the pixel in the three evaluated scenarios and compared with the field measured values. ALS and UAV+ALS obtained RMSE% of 6.38 and 12.82 for height estimates, while UAV was 49.91%. Volume and aboveground biomass predictions are more accurate by ALS and UAV+ALS, while the UAV produced biased estimates. Since the ALS is currently used, periodic monitoring can be carried out by a combination of active (ALS) and passive (UAV) sensors.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHOTOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE BRANCHES OF Platonia insignis (CLUSIACEAE). The chemical study of the branches of Platonia insignis enabled the isolation of the biflavonoid morelloflavone and the identification, by mass spectrometry, of over 9 polyphenols, including eight biflavonoids, one benzophenone, and one xanthone. The in vitro biological tests of solar photoprotection and antiradical activities against the crude extract and Hex and AcOEt fractions showed relevant results, which confirm the high pharmaceutical potential of the species.

Resumo O tratamento da esquistossomose é dependente de uma única droga, praziquantel (PZQ). O desenvolvimento da resistência de PZQ tem atraído atenção de muitos pesquisadores por medicamentos alternativos. Um tratamento viável e promissor é o estudo das plantas medicinais como uma nova abordagem para o tratamento experimental para esquistossomose. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade esquistossomicida in vivo óleo essencial de Mentha x villosa (OE-Mv) e rotundifolona (ROT) contra Schistosoma mansoni. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss webster (Mus musculus) fêmea de trinta dias de idade pesando 50 gramas. Os camundongos foram infectados com 80 cercárias de S. mansoni (cepa BH) e administrado por via oral OE-Mv (50, 100 e 200 mg/Kg) e ROT (35,9, 70,9 e 141,9 mg/Kg) apos 45 dias de infecção durante 5 dias consecutivos. Todos os animais foram eutanasiados 60 dias após a infecção. Praziquantel foi o controle positivo no experimento. O tratamento dos camundongos infectados com doses de 200 mg/kg (OE-Mv) e rotundifolona (141,9 mg/Kg) resultaram em redução significativa dos vermes (72.44% e 74.48%, respectivamente). Foi observado também redução no fígado, intestino e fecal e alteração no padrão do oograma, em comparação aos camundongos infectados e não tratados. Considerando os resultados obtidos, mais estudos biológicos são necessários a fim de elucidar o mecanismo de ação esquistossomicida contra adultos de S. mansoni.

Abstract Schistosomiasis treatment is dependent on a single drug, praziquantel (PZQ). The development of resistance of PZQ has drawn the attention of many researchers to alternative drugs. One viable and promising treatment is the study of medicinal plants as a new approach to the experimental treatment for Schistosomiasis. The present work aimed to evaluate in vivo antischistosomal activity of effect of Mentha x villosa Oil Essential (Mv-EO) and rotundifolone (ROT) against Schistosoma mansoni. Thirty-day-old female Swiss webster mice (Mus musculus) weighing 50 grams were used. Mice were infected with 80 cercariae of S. mansoni (BH strain) and orally administered Mv-EO (50, 100 and 200 mg/Kg) and ROT (35.9, 70.9 and 141.9 mg/Kg) at 45-days post infection for 5 consecutive days. All mice were euthanized 60 days after infection. Praziquantel was the positive control in the experiment. Doses of 200 mg/kg (Mv-EO) and ROT (141.9 mg/Kg) resulted in a significant reduction in fluke burden (72.44% and 74.48%, respectively). There was also marked reduction in liver, intestinal and faecal and changed oogram pattern, compared to infected untreated mice. Considering the results obtained, further biological studies are required in order to elucidate the mechanism of schistosomicidal action on against adult S. mansoni.

O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) é uma planta oleaginosa, adaptada às condições do semiárido brasileiro, com potencialidades para a produção de biodiesel. Com o objetivo de se avaliar parâmetros de crescimento e produção de pinhão-manso, em lisímetros de drenagem, conduziu-se um experimento em lisímetros de drenagem, em ambiente aberto, entre janeiro/2009 e janeiro/2010, na área experimental da Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola/CTRN/UFCG. Foram estudados os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre variáveis de crescimento e de produção do pinhão-manso. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,6; 1,8; 3,0; 4,2 e 5,4 dS m-1), distribuídos no delineamento experimental em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo a parcela constituída de uma planta por lisímetro. A coleta de dados se estendeu no período de 210 aos 360 dias após o transplante; ao final do período de estudos, não se verificaram efeitos significativos dos tratamentos sobre altura de plantas e diâmetro caulinar. A produção de sementes foi afetada, significativamente, com coleta de maior quantidade nas plantas irrigadas com água de 2,28 dS m-1 de condutividade elétrica.

The jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oleaginous plant, adapted to the brazilian semiarid conditions, with potentialities to produce biodiesel. Aiming to evaluate its growth and production parameters, an experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters, between January/2009 and January/2010, in the experimental area of the Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering of CTRN/UFCG. The effects of the saline irrigation water were studied on the growth and seed yield of jatropha. The treatments consisted of five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw: 0.6; 1.8; 3.0; 4.2 and 5.4 dS m-1), distributed in a completely randomized block design with four replications, being the plot constituted by one plant grown in each lysimeter. The study started on the 210 day up to 360 days after transplanting; at the end of the period, plant height and stem diameter were not significantly affected by salinity of irrigation treatments. On the other hand, the seed production was significantly affected, with the largest quantity produced by plants that received irrigation water with the electrical conductivity of 2.28 dS m-1.

Introduction: Zinc deficiency has been associated with damage and oxidative changes in DNA that may increase an individual's risk of cancer. Furthermore, zinc metabolism may be affected in cancer patients, leading to alterations in its distribution that would favor carcinogenesis. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc levels in women with breast cancer were evaluated in this cross-sectional, controlled study. Material and methods: Fifty-five premenopausal women of 25 to 49 years of age with and without breast cancer were divided into two groups: Group A, composed of women without breast cancer (controls, n = 26) and Group B, composed of women with breast cancer (cases, n = 29). Plasma and erythrocyte zinc levels were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry at γ = 213.9 nm. Diet was assessed using the 3-day diet recall method and analyzed using the NutWin software program, version 1.5. Student's t-test was used to compare means and significance was established at p = 0.05. Results: Mean plasma zinc levels were 69.69 ± 9.00 g/dL in the breast cancer patients and 65.93 ± 12.44 g/dL in the controls (p = 0.201). Mean erythrocyte zinc level was 41.86 ± 8.28 μgZn/gHb in the cases and 47.93 ± 7.00 μgZn/gHb in the controls (p < 0.05). In both groups, dietary zinc levels were above the estimated average requirement. Conclusions: The present results suggest that zinc levels are lower in the erythrocyte compartment of pre-menopausal women with breast cancer.

Introducción: La deficiencia de zinc se relacionada con daños y modificaciones oxidativas del DNA, lo que puede favorecer el riesgo de cáncer. Sin embargo, en pacientes con cáncer, puede haber alteraciones en el metabolismo del zinc con alteración en su distribución, favoreciendo la cancinogénesis. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las concentraciones plasmáticas y eritrocitarias de zinc en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Material y métodos: estudio de naturaleza transversal, del tipo caso y control llevado a cabo en 55 mujeres pre-menospáusicas con y sin cáncer de mama con un rango de edades situado entre 25 y 49 años. Las pacientes fueron distribuidas en dos grupos: Grupo A, sin cáncer de mama (control, n = 26) y Grupo B, con cáncer de mama (caso, n = 29). El análisis de las concentraciones de zinc plasmático y eritrocitario fue realizado según el método de espectofotometría de absorción atómica de llama γ = 213,9 nm. La evaluación de la dieta fue determinada utilizando el registro alimentario de tres días y el análisis por el software NutWin versión 1.5. Para el análisis de las medias fue utilizado el test de estudios t de Student (p < 0,05). Resultados: la media de las concentraciones plasmáticas de zinc fue 69,69 ± 9,0 μg/dL y 65,93 ± 12,44 μg/dL en las pacientes casos (cáncer) y controles, respectivamente (p = 0,201). La media de zinc eritrocitaria fue 41,86 ± 8,28 μgZn/gHb en las pacientes casos y 47,93 ± 7,00 μgZn/gHb en los controles (p < 0,05). Ambos grupos tenían concentración de zinc, en la dieta, superior a la recomendada. Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio indican que mujeres menospáusicas con cáncer de mama presentan menor concentración de zinc en el compartimiento eritrocitario, lo que puede constituirlo en un nuevo bio-marcador pronóstico y posible diana terapéutica del cáncer de mama.