Pesquisa | SciELO

Abstract High-throughput sequencing studies have shown the important role microbial communities play in the male reproductive tract, indicating differences in the semen microbial composition between fertile and infertile males. Most of these studies were made on human beings but little is known regarding domestic animals. Seminal bacteria studies made in stallions mostly focus on pathogenic bacteria and on their impact on reproductive technology. However, little is known about stallion commensal seminal microflora. That ultimately hinders our capacity to associate specific bacteria to conditions or seminal quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the seminal microbial composition of 12 healthy, fertile stallion using next-generation sequencing. Hypervariable region V3 was chosen for bacterial identification. A total of nine phyla was detected. The most abundant ones were Bacteroidetes (46.50%), Firmicutes (29.92%) and Actinobacteria (13.58%). At family level, we found 69 bacterial families, but only nine are common in all samples. Porphyromonadaceae (33.18%), Peptoniphilaceae (14.09%), Corynebacteriaceae (11.32%) and Prevotellaceae (9.05%) were the most representative ones, while the Firmicutes phylum displayed the highest number of families (23, a third of the total). Samples showed high inter-subject variability. Findings previously described in other species notably differ from our findings. Families found in human such as Lactobacillaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Streptococcaceae only represented a 0.00%, 0.17% and 0.22% abundance in our samples, respectively. In conclusion, Porphyromonadaceae, Prevotellaceae, Peptoniphilaceae and Corynebacteriaceae families are highly represented in the seminal microbiome of healthy, fertile stallions. A high variation among individuals is also observed.

Abstract: The main fishing enterprise located in the province of Pinar del Río, Cuba, markets oyster meat packed in brine bags of 460 g. Oysters come from natural bank fisheries and farms. During the period 2009 - 2013, captures showed an increasing tendency from 50 t to more than 80 t. However, the recorded oyster meat yields values from 3.3 - 3.9% are considered lower than the minimal acceptable value (4.9%). The aims of this study were to assess oyster exploitation, meat yield and loss in the final packed product. Monthly and annual variations of meat yield were analyzed regarding capture and oyster size; meanwhile, the meat loss was analyzed by treatments with different proportions of oyster / brine. Significant difference (p < 0.05) of meat yield (%) was observed by oyster species and size with a better performance in farmed oysters. Traditional packing for commercialization (meat / brine, 391 g / 69 g, respectively, and total weight of 460 g) influenced meat weight loss by leakage of interstitial fluid; this loss was further confirmed by the treatments with different proportions of meat / brine where the 1:1 proportion showed the least meat weight loss. In addition, the non-compliance of management measures regarding commercial size, as well as lack of oyster cleanliness before shell removing process, impacted meat yield analyses during 2009 - 2013.

Resumen: La empresa pesquera de Pinar del Río, Cuba comercializa el ostión desconchado, carne en salmuera, envasada en bolsas de 460 g. Este recurso proviene de bancos naturales y granjas de cultivo. Aunque la captura de 2009 a 2013 incrementó de 50 a más de 80 t, los rendimientos en carne de ostión mostraron valores de 3.3 a 3.9%, los cuales son inferiores al mínimo aceptable (4.9%). El objetivo de estudio fue evaluar el aprovechamiento ostrícola, rendimiento en carne y merma en el producto envasado. Se analizó la variación mensual y anual del rendimiento y su relación con la captura y la talla; la merma se analizó mediante tratamientos con diferentes proporciones ostión/salmuera. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en el rendimiento (%) en carne según el tipo de ostión y su relación proporcional con la talla, con mayor rendimiento en el ostión de cultivo. La proporción tradicional de comercialización (carne / salmuera, 391 g / 69 g, respectivamente; peso total de 460 g) incidió en la pérdida de peso en carne por drenaje natural del líquido tisular, corroborado en las pruebas con diferentes proporciones de ostión/salmuera, mostrando menor merma la proporción 1:1. Adicionalmente, el incumplimiento en medidas de manejo, la talla comercial y la falta de limpieza del ostión antes de entregarlo al proceso de desconche pudieron incidir negativamente en el rendimiento en carne durante 2009 - 2013.

Resumen La artritis reumatoide sigue representando un importante factor de deterioro de la salud de las personas que sufren esta condición, a pesar de los avances recientes en su tratamiento. En forma adicional, se reconoce su significativo impacto a nivel social y económico. La Asociación Costarricense de Reumatología publicó en 2010, las primeras guías de manejo de esta enfermedad. En el presente trabajo, este primer documento fue actualizado, mediante la revisión exaustiva de la información científica disponible y relevante a la fecha, con el objetivo de uniformar y optimizar la atención de la artritis reumatoide en Costa Rica. Incluye las recomendaciones de evaluación de los pacientes, su seguimiento y tratamiento. También se revisan las opciones de medicamentos disponibles en el país, es decir, drogas modificadoras de los síntomas y fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad convencionales, además de agentes biológicos y moléculas pequeñas.

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