Resumen El orden de los libros y las bibliotecas permite a los estudiosos explorar aspectos complejos de la historia cultural e intelectual, como lo son la organización del conocimiento, la comprensión de la realidad y las diferentes formas de clasificar la información. Teniendo en cuenta estas posibilidades, el presente trabajo analiza el orden de los libros en las bibliotecas de las misiones jesuíticas de guaraníes (Paraguay, siglos XVII y XVIII). Las fuentes consultadas son los inventarios de bienes pertenecientes a las misiones producidos como consecuencia de la expulsión de los jesuitas del Imperio español (1767-1768). La hipótesis es que los misioneros organizaron las bibliotecas por temas de acuerdo con un criterio jerárquico. Los conocimientos considerados más significativos desde el punto de vista epistemológico estaban ubicados al principio de los inventarios, pero también probablemente en términos espaciales y de accesibilidad. Los restantes contenidos se ubicaban a continuación, en un avance progresivo. Al mismo tiempo, este trabajo sugiere que la organización se inspiró en la Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Iesu, esto es, una propuesta bibliográfica corporativa desarrollada al interior de la Compañía de Jesús.

Abstract The order of books and libraries allows scholars to explore complex aspects of cultural and intellectual history, such as the organization of knowledge, the understanding of reality, and the different ways of classifying information. Taking into account these possibilities, this work analyzes the order of books in the libraries of the Jesuit-Guaraní missions (17th-18th centuries, Paraguay). The sources consulted are the inventories of goods belonging to the missions, produced as a consequence of the Jesuits’ expulsion from the Spanish Empire (1767-1768). The hypothesis is that the missionaries organized the libraries by topics according to a hierarchical criterion. The knowledge considered most significant from an epistemological point of view was located at the beginning of the inventories, but likely also in terms of space and accessibility. The remaining contents were situated subsequently in a progressive arrangement. At the same time, this work suggests that the organization was inspired by the Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Iesu, i. e., a corporate bibliographical proposal developed within the Society of Jesus.

Resumo A ordem dos livros e bibliotecas permite aos estudiosos explorar aspectos complexos da história cultural e intelectual, como a organização do conhecimento, a compreensão da realidade e as diferentes formas de classificar a informação. Levando em consideração essas possibilidades, o presente trabalho analisa a ordem dos livros nas bibliotecas das missões jesuíticas guaranis (Paraguai, séculos XVII e XVIII). As fontes consultadas são os inventários de bens pertencentes às missões produzidos em consequência da expulsão dos Jesuítas do Império Espanhol (1767-1768). A hipótese é que os missionários organizaram as bibliotecas por temas segundo um critério hierárquico. O conhecimento considerado mais significativo do ponto de vista epistemológico localizou-se no início dos inventários, mas provavelmente também em termos espaciais e de acessibilidade. Os restantes conteúdos foram localizados a seguir, num avanço progressivo. Ao mesmo tempo, este trabalho sugere que a organização foi inspirada na Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Iesu, ou seja, uma proposta bibliográfica corporativa desenvolvida no âmbito da Companhia de Jesus.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some factors on carcass traits and the phenotypic correlations between them. Records from 514 Simmental and 178 Simbrah bovine individuals born in Mexico between 2011 and 2018 were used. The variables evaluated were rib eye area (AOL), rump fat thickness (GC), back fat thickness (GD), adjusted intramuscular fat (GI), marbling (M) and carcass yield grade (R). Adjusted means and phenotypic correlations between traits were estimated with PROC MIXED and PROC CORR of SAS®. The fixed effects included in the models were breed, sex of the animal, herd, year of measurement, season of measurement, and age in days at measurement as a covariate; sire nested in breed was included as a random effect. The effect of breed was significan for GC (p<0.001), R (p<0.07) and GD (p<0.07). The effects of sex and season were significant (p<0.001) for all the evaluated traits. The correlations of AOL with all other traits were significant (p<0.001); negative with GI and M; and positive with GC, GD, and R. The correlations of GC with GD and R were important and positive (p<0.001). Selecting phenotypes to increase lean meat can lead to a decreased fat content. The positive phenotypic correlations between R and carcass quality traits would imply that the aforementioned traits can be improved without any adverse effects on them and R in the population.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de algunos factores en características de la canal y las correlaciones fenotípicas entre ellas. Se utilizó la información de registro de 514 bovinos Simmental y 178 Simbrah nacidos entre 2011 y 2018 en México. Las características evaluadas fueron área del ojo del lomo (AOL), grasa de la cadera (GC), grasa dorsal (GD), grasa intramuscular ajustada (GI), marmoleo (M) y grado de rendimiento en canal (R). Las medias ajustadas y las correlaciones fenotípicas entre características se estimaron con PROC MIXED y PROC CORR de SAS®. Los efectos fijos incluidos en los modelos fueron: raza, sexo del animal, hato, año de medición, época de medición y edad en días a la medición como covariable lineal; se incluyó al semental anidado en raza como efecto aleatorio. El efecto de raza fue significativo para GC (p<0,001), R (p<0,07) y GD (p<0,07). Los efectos de sexo y época fueron significativos (p<0,001) para todas las características evaluadas. Las correlaciones de AOL con las otras características estudiadas fueron significativas (p<0,001); negativas con GI y M; y positivas con GC, GD y R. Las correlaciones de GC con GD y R fueron importantes y positivas (p<0,001). La selección de fenotipos para aumentar la carne magra puede conducir a una disminución del contenido de grasa. Las correlaciones fenotípicas positivas entre R y los rasgos de calidad de la canal implicarían que los rasgos mencionados pueden mejorarse sin ningún efecto adverso en éstos y R en la población.

Abstract Among the different handling techniques in aquaculture, the use of anesthetics has had a growing interest focused on guaranteeing animal welfare, and reducing possible stress situations during general handling. The aim of this study was to present the use of eugenol and lidocaine with non-invasive anesthesia procedures in Dormitator latifrons, in which the different stages of anesthesia (induction and recovery) were determined. One hundred and twenty healthy fish of average weight of 73.59 ± 13.53 g and standard length of 17 ± 1.36 cm were used. The experimental fish were subjected to fasting for 24 h prior to the tests. Five fish were subjected to eugenol (25, 50, 100, and 200 µL/L), and lidocaine (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L), in triplicate. The time to reach deep and recovery anesthesia were recorded and the data analyzed using ANOVA (α= 0.05). Organisms exposed to anesthetics evidenced early episodes of fast, short-distance swimming (initial hyperactivity) for short periods of time. Survival was 100% with both compounds and concentrations. Fish exposed to a eugenol concentration of 200 µL/L had longer anesthesia times and took longer time to recover (P<0.05). The most effective concentrations for eugenol and lidocaine were of 200 µL/L and 400 µL/L in juvenile fish, promoting rapid inductions, without compromising the conditions for the recovery of the fish. This work provides practical information for handling and transportation D. latiforns with the least possible stress and ensuring animal welfare.

Resumo Dentre as diferentes técnicas de manejo na aquicultura, o uso de anestésicos tem despertado interesse crescente voltado para a garantia do bem-estar animal, reduzindo possíveis situações de estresse durante o manejo geral. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar o uso de eugenol e lidocaína com procedimentos anestésicos não invasivos em Dormitator latifrons, nos quais foram determinadas as diferentes etapas da anestesia (indução e recuperação). Foram utilizados 120 peixes saudáveis, com peso médio de 73,59 ± 13,53 g e 17 ± 1,36 cm de comprimento, em jejum de 24 horas antes dos testes. Cinco peixes foram submetidos a eugenol (25, 50, 100 e 200 µL/L) e lidocaína (100, 200, 300 e 400 mg/L), em triplicata. O tempo para atingir a anestesia profunda e de recuperação foi registrado, os dados foram analisados com ANOVA (α= 0,05). Organismos expostos a anestésicos evidenciaram episódios precoces de nado rápido de curta distância (hiperatividade inicial) por curtos períodos de tempo. A sobrevivência atinge 100% com ambos compostos e concentrações. Peixes expostos a uma concentração de eugenol de 200 µL/L tiveram tempos de anestesia mais longos e demoraram mais para se recuperar (P<0,05). As concentrações mais efetivas para eugenol e lidocaína foram de 200 µL/L e 400 µL/L em peixes juvenis, promovendo induções rápidas, sem comprometer as condições de recuperação dos peixes. Este trabalho fornece informações práticas para o manejo e transporte de D. latifrons com o mínimo de estresse possível e garantindo o bem-estar animal.

Abstract Background: A high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in critical care units and those undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The introduction of dexamethasone (DXM) as treatment for severe COVID-19 has improved mortality, but its effects in other organs remain under study. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between DXM and AKI in COVID-19. Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated the incidence of AKI in critically ill COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, and the association of DXM treatment with the incidence, severity, and outcomes of AKI. The association between DXM treatment and AKI was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. The association of the combination of DXM treatment and AKI on mortality was evaluated by Cox-regression analysis. Results: We included 552 patients. AKI was diagnosed in 311 (56%), of which 196 (63%) corresponded to severe (stage 2 or 3) AKI, and 46 (14.8%) received kidney replacement therapy. Two hundred and sixty-seven (48%) patients were treated with DXM. This treatment was associated to lower incidence of AKI (Odds Radio 0.34, 95% Confidence intervals [CI] 0.22-0.52, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, body mass index, laboratory parameters, SOFA score, and vasopressor use. DXM treatment significantly reduced mortality in patients with severe AKI (HR 0.63, 95%CI 0.41-0.96, p = 0.032). Conclusions: The incidence of AKI is high in COVID-19 patients under IMV. DXM treatment is associated with a lower incidence of AKI and a lower mortality in the group with severe AKI.

Abstract Rhodococcus is a pathogen that is known to cause infections in animals and humans, mainly in cases of immunocompromised patients. A case of a pediatric cancer patient suffering from a bloodstream infection caused by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides was described in this work. Gram positive rods were isolated from blood cultures. The target bacterium was identified using a combination of biochemical tests, the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technique, and the analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence. Moreover, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the E-test. The isolated bacterium was identified as R. corynebacterioides. The 3-year-old patient was successfully treated with vancomycin and meropenem. This is the first published report of R. corynebacterioides in a pediatric patient diagnosed with retinoblastoma that developed a bloodstream infection. R. corynebacterioides should be considered among the opportunistic infectious agents affecting pediatric cancer patients.

Abstract: Research was carried out with the objective of studying the relationships between enterprise resource management and its planning in the implementation of a business management system (ERP) with Cloud Computing architecture in a company in the industrial processes sector. The research approach was based on documentary analysis, measurements and evaluations of contractual services and compliance with corporate parameters defined in the business process designs. The population and units of analysis focused on project documents and analytical references, as well as on the functionality of the work areas. The main investment values in consultancy for the implementation were identified, which represented 55.10% of the initial budget. However, during implementation, this representation decreased by 2%. The behavior of the subscription licensing service was also analyzed, which represented 22.35% of the total budget, but experienced a decrease of 5.25% in percentage terms. Although decreases were observed in the reasonable share of these elements, increases were recorded in consulting services and IT requirements management, with increases of 3.40% and 1.09%, respectively.

RESUMEN: Se llevó a cabo una investigación con el objetivo de estudiar las relaciones entre la gestión de recursos empresariales y su planificación en la implementación de un sistema de gestión empresarial (ERP) con arquitectura Cloud Computing en una empresa del sector de procesos industriales. El enfoque de la investigación se basó en el análisis documental, las mediciones y evaluaciones de los servicios contractuales y el cumplimiento de los parámetros corporativos definidos en los diseños de los procesos de negocio. La población y las unidades de análisis se centraron en los documentos y referencias analíticas de los proyectos, así como en la funcionalidad de las áreas de trabajo. Se identificaron los principales valores de inversión en consultoría para la implementación, los cuales representaron el 55.10% del presupuesto inicial. Sin embargo, durante la ejecución, esta representación disminuyó en un 2%. Asimismo, se analizó el comportamiento del servicio de licencia por suscripción, el cual representó el 22.35% del presupuesto total, pero experimentó una disminución del 5.25% en términos porcentuales. Aunque se observaron decrementos en la participación razonable de estos elementos, se registraron incrementos en los servicios de consultoría y gestión de requerimientos del área de TI, con aumentos del 3.40% y 1.09%, respectivamente.

Abstract Consumption of wild mushrooms has increased in recent years; however, not all of them are edible and there is no precise information on those that may cause poisoning. Therefore, studies to obtain data about their toxicity are needed. For this purpose, we used the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, a crustacean employed in toxicity tests and with wide application in the toxin detection, including mycotoxins. Mushrooms were collected in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, with which aqueous extracts were prepared. Dilutions of the stock solution of each extract were made to final concentrations of 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. Potassium dichromate (PD) was used as positive control and artificial seawater as negative control. The median lethal dose (LD50) of extracts on nauplii of A. franciscana was calculated. The aqueous extracts obtained from Amanita amerivirosa, A. muscaria, Chlorophyllum molybdites, and Leucopaxillus amarus showed a LD50 < 70 µg/mL, similar to PD (LD50 = 37 µg/mL). This is the first indication of the probable toxicity of Leucopaxillus amarus in humans. Cantharellus cibarius and Scleroderma texense caused the lower toxicity to the nauplii. The brine shrimp bioassay was effective in evaluating the toxicity of Basidiomycota. Scleroderma texense has been reported to be toxic, but it was not for this crustacean nauplii, and probably not to humans either, as recent literature has reported.

Resumo O consumo de cogumelos silvestres aumentou nos últimos anos; porém, nem todas as variedades são comestíveis e não há informações precisas sobre aquelas que podem causar intoxicação. Portanto, estudos para obter dados sobre sua toxicidade são necessários. Para tanto, utilizou-se o artêmia Artemia franciscana, crustáceo utilizado em testes de toxicidade e com ampla aplicação na detecção de toxinas, incluindo micotoxinas. Cogumelos foram coletados no estado de Jalisco, México, com os quais foram preparados extratos aquosos. As diluições da solução estoque de cada extrato foram feitas para as concentrações finais de 50, 100, 250, 500 e 1000 µg/mL. Dicromato de potássio (PD) foi usado como controle positivo e água do mar artificial como controle negativo. Calculou-se a dose letal mediana (DL50) dos extratos sobre os náuplios de A. franciscana. Os extratos aquosos obtidos de Amanita amerivirosa, A. muscaria, Chlorophyllum molybdites e Leucopaxillus amarus apresentaram DL50 < 70 µg/mL, semelhante ao DP (LD50 = 37 µg/mL). Esta é a primeira indicação da provável toxicidade de L.amarus em humanos. Cantharellus cibarius e Scleroderma texense causaram a menor toxicidade aos náuplios. O bioensaio de artêmia foi eficaz na avaliação da toxicidade de Basidiomycota. Scleroderma texense foi relatado como tóxico, mas não foi para este náuplio de crustáceo e provavelmente também não para os humanos, como a literatura recente relatou.

Abstract A little-studied characteristic of the Mexican native fish Dormitator latifrons is the effect that the color of the bottom or lining of ponds or tubs can have on their growth and blood parameters under controlled conditions. After a quarantine period in prophylactic treatment, an initial assay was performed. The organisms were grouped into four treatments (white, yellow, blue, and black) in triplicate, with 30 individuals with an average weight of 34.7± 2.5 g and average size of 12.5 ± 1.5 cm per tank. The trial lasted 60 days, after which a final biometry to all specimens and blood extractions to six random organisms per tank were performed. The following hematological and blood chemistry parameters were evaluated: erythrocytes, cell counts, and differential counts, as well as glucose, albumin, a/g ratio, and total proteins. Final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate presented statistical differences between treatments (p<0.05), with dark bottoms (blue and black) above 80% of WG and above 1.0 of SGR. No statistically differences were found in hematological blood chemistry parameters (p>0.05). The growth results suggest that dark pond bottoms promote the adaptation of Dormitator latifrons by allowing it to avoid detection by predators through the adoption of a cryptic coloration. However, the species shows a great capacity for crypsis, being able to change its pigmentation to adapt to different bottom colors.

Resumo Uma característica pouco analisada do peixe nativo Dormitator latifrons é o efeito que a cor do fundo ou revestimento de tanque, ou banheiras pode ter sobre seu crescimento e parâmetros sanguíneos em condições controladas. Após um período de quarentena em tratamento profilático, foi realizado um bioensaio inicial. Os organismos foram agrupados em 4 tratamentos (branco, amarelo, azul e preto) em triplicata, com 30 indivíduos por viveiro. O bioensaio durou 60 dias, após os quais foi realizada uma biometria final e extrações de sangue. Os seguintes parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos foram avaliados: eritrócitos, contagem de células, contagens de diferenciais, glicose, albumina, relação a/g, e proteínas totais. O peso final, o ganho de peso e a taxa de crescimento específico apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos, em fundos escuros (azul e preto), os parâmetros citados foram maiores. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos parâmetros químicos hematológicos do sangue. Os resultados sugerem que os fundos escuros dos tanques promovem a adaptação e o crescimento dos Dormitator latifrons, permitindo que eles evitem a detecção por predadores através da adoção de uma coloração críptica. No entanto, a espécie apresenta grande capacidade de cripse, podendo alterar sua pigmentação para se adaptar a diferentes cores de fundo.

Resumo O objetivo da aquicultura de Galaxias maculatus é produzir milhões de ovos. As fêmeas selvagens são pequenas (2 g) e têm maturidade sexual rápida e fecundidade média baixa (500 ovos/fêmea), necessitando de peixes maiores e com fecundidade superior. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar experimentalmente o efeito dos níveis de proteínas, lipídios e energia da dieta sobre o aumento de peso em adultos. Cinco experimentos independentes foram realizados em diferentes períodos sequenciais de tempo no incubatório UCT, Chile. Os espécimes foram obtidos a partir de: a) capturas de espécimes de retorno do mar cristalino no estuário de Tolten (4-6 cm, 0,3-0,4 g); b) peixes de cultura em incubatório. Os peixes foram alimentados à mão ad libitum. Nos experimentos de 1 a 4, dietas peletizadas foram preparadas com três a cinco níveis de proteína (tratamentos 27 a 57%), tamanho do crumble, três repetições de tanques de fibra de 100 L. No experimento 5, o efeito de dois níveis de lipídios (8 e 21%) foi avaliado com dieta comercial isoproteica crumble 1 de Salmon Nutra Starter extrusada a 63%, replicada em quatro tanques. Os resultados mostram: uma tendência ao aumento de peso em todos os tamanhos, com um aumento do nível de proteína na dieta peletizada; um crescimento adulto máximo com uma dieta contendo um mínimo de 37% de proteína bruta, com 40% do valor ideal; uma porcentagem maior de proteína na dieta ou crescimento em peso com menor taxa de conversão alimentar. A taxa de conversão alimentar na dieta extrusada chega a 0,5, e na peletizada varia de 0,7 a 1,5. Peixes de 0,6 g alimentados com 63% de proteína e dieta comercial extrusada com dois níveis lipídicos diferentes (8 e 21%; 20,40 e 23,84 MJ kg-1; PE / TE 0,62 e 0,71) aumentaram de peso no primeiro mês em 67 e 105% cada, respectivamente. Foi estabelecido que dietas de alta energia com níveis ótimos de proteínas e lipídios são uma boa solução de curto prazo para obter G. maculatus de peso mais alto.

Abstract Galaxias maculatus aquaculture objectives is to produce millions of eggs. Wild females are small (2 g), have quick sexual maturity and low mean fecundity (500 eggs/female), requiring larger fishes with higher fecundity. This study aim is to evaluate experimentally the effect of the levels of protein, lipid and dietary energy on weight increases in adults. Five independent experiments were performed at different sequential time periods at the UCT hatchery, Chile. Specimens were obtained from a) Crystalline sea return specimen catches in the Tolten estuary (4 -6 cm, 0.3-0.4 g.). b) Hatchery cultured fish. Fish were fed by hand ad libitum. In experiments 1 to 4, pelleted diets were prepared with 3 to 5 levels of protein (treatments 27 up to 57%), crumble size, three 100 L fibre ponds replicates. In experiment 5 the effect of two lipid levels (8 and 21%) was evaluated with commercial extruded Salmon Nutra Starter isoproteic crumble 1 diet at 63%, replicated in 4 ponds. The results show: A tendency to increased weight in all sizes with an increased protein level in the pelleted diet.A maximal adult growth is obtained with a diet containing a minimum of 37% crude protein, with 40% the optimal value. A higher % protein in the diet or growth in weight lower feed conversion ratio. The feed conversion ratio in the extruded diet reaches up to 0.5 and in the pelleted vary from 0.7 to 1.5. Fish 0.6 g fed with 63% protein, extruded commercial diet with two different lipid levels (8 and 21%, 20.40 and 23.84 MJ kg-1, PE/TE 0.62 and 0.71) increased weight the first month 67 and 105% each. It has been established that high-energy diets with optimal levels of protein and lipid are a good short-term solution to obtain G. maculatus of higher weight.

Abstract Introduction: Patients with psoriasis have an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as cardiovascular disease. Objective: To determine if patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome (MS) have a higher frequency of subclinical atherosclerosis compared with those with psoriasis without MS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with psoriasis; MS was defined according to ATP III criteria. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were obtained. Blood chemistry, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and insulin were measure. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined as high carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) by Mode B ultrasound. Results: 92 patients with psoriasis were included, 67 (72.8%) with MS and 25 (27.2%) without MS. Subjects with psoriasis and MS had significantly higher weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, insulin resistance, hs-CRP, and lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with subjects without MS. High CIMT was greater in patients with psoriasis and MS than in those without MS. Age and MS were independent predictors of increased CIMT after multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions: MS is associated with greater inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis.

Resumen Introducción: Los pacientes con psoriasis tienen prevalencia incrementada de factores de riesgo y enfermedad cardiovascular. Objetivo: Determinar si los pacientes con psoriasis y síndrome metabólico (SM) tienen mayor frecuencia de ateroesclerosis subclínica comparados con pacientes con psoriasis y sin SM. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal, en pacientes con psoriasis; SM fue definido con base en criterios ATP III. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos, clínicos y antropométricos. Se realizó química sanguínea, proteína C reactiva de alta sensibilidad (PCR-hs) e insulina. Ateroesclerosis subclínica fue definida como grosor de íntima-media carotídeo (GIMC) elevado, medido por ultrasonido tipo B. Resultados: Se incluyeron 92 pacientes con psoriasis, 67 (72.8 %) con SM y 25 (27.2 %) sin SM. Los sujetos con psoriasis y SM tuvieron valores significativamente más elevados de peso, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura, tensión arterial sistólica, glucosa, insulina, triglicéridos, resistencia a insulina, PCR-hs y menores niveles de colesterol de alta densidad, comparados con sujetos sin SM. El GIMC fue mayor en pacientes con psoriasis y SM. La edad y el SM fueron predictores independientes de mayor GIMC después de realizar múltiples análisis de regresión lineal. Conclusiones: Síndrome metabólico está asociado con mayor inflamación y ateroesclerosis subclínica en pacientes con psoriasis.