Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the convergence between the domains of the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant image (AUQUEI) and the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) in the mixed dentition. A sample of 676 children aged 8 to 10 years responded to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires using the AUQUEI and the CPQ8-10, respectively. Clinical (dental caries and malocclusion) and socioeconomic variables were assessed. The validity of convergence between scores (total and per domain) of the two instruments was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, considering that non-zero coefficient values represented a correlation between scores. The median was calculated to compare the scores of each questionnaire relative to the variables, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was applied to determine statistically significant differences between the categories. A weak significant correlation (between 0.30 and 0.50) was observed between the domains and the total scores of instruments (p < 0.05), except for the leisure domain (p > 0.05). Participants with a lower family income had worse HRQoL (p < 0.05), and those with caries and malocclusion experience had worse OHRQoL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the AUQUEI and CPQ8-10 instruments showed a weak correlation. Income and clinical variables had a negative impact on the AUQUEI and CPQ8-10, respectively. (AUQUEI CPQ810 CPQ CPQ8 (CPQ8-10 dentition 67 1 healthrelated health related (HRQoL (OHRQoL CPQ810, 10, respectively dental analysis nonzero non zero MannWhitney Mann Whitney categories 030 0 30 0.3 0.50 050 50 p 0.05, 005 0.05 , 05 0.05) 0.05. . conclusion CPQ8-1 CPQ81 (CPQ8-1 6 03 3 0. 0.5 5 00 0.0 CPQ8- (CPQ8- (CPQ8 (CPQ

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment, anxiety, and probable sleep bruxism and its association in adolescents. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 294 adolescents aged between 11 and 16 years. Orthodontic treatment need was determined using the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN-DHC). Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Brazilian version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). The probable sleep bruxism was identified based on the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) questionnaire. Descriptive data analyses were performed. Simple logistic regression models were applied between each independent variable and the outcome (anxiety score). Variables with p<0.20 in the individual (raw) analyses were studied in a multiple logistic regression model, with p≤0.05 remaining in the final model. Based on the regression models, the prevalence ratios were estimated with the respective 95% confidence intervals. Results: 68.7% of the adolescents had probable sleep bruxism, and 35.4% had a moderate or severe normative need for orthodontic treatment. Adolescents aged up to 12 years (OR=1.82; CI: 1.10-3.02), females (OR=2.67; CI: 1.64-4.34), and with a moderate or severe need for orthodontic treatment according to the IOTN-DHC (OR=1.76; CI: 1.06-2.90), are more likely to have a higher anxiety score. The prevalence of adolescents with a moderate or severe need for normative orthodontic treatment by the IOTN-DHC is 35.4% (95%CI: 29.9-40.8%), while the perceived need for treatment by the IOTN-AC is 14.0% (95%CI: 10.0-17.9%). Adolescents with a high degree of anxiety were more likely to have probable sleep bruxism (OR=3.64; CI: 1.06-12.50). Conclusion: Female adolescents up to 12 years of age and with a moderate or severe need for orthodontic treatment are more likely to have higher levels of anxiety; adolescents with a high degree of anxiety are more likely to have probable sleep bruxism. Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional 29 1 IOTNDHC. IOTNDHC IOTN DHC . (IOTN-DHC) MASC. MASC (MASC) AASM (AASM questionnaire performed score score) p020 p 0 20 p<0.2 raw (raw model p005 05 p≤0.0 95 intervals Results 687 68 7 68.7 354 35 4 35.4 OR=1.82 OR182 OR 82 (OR=1.82 CI 1.103.02, 110302 1.10 3.02 , 10 3 02 1.10-3.02) OR=2.67 OR267 2 67 (OR=2.67 1.644.34, 164434 1.64 4.34 64 34 1.64-4.34) OR=1.76 OR176 76 (OR=1.76 1.062.90, 106290 1.06 2.90 06 90 1.06-2.90) 95%CI 95CI (95%CI 29.940.8%, 299408 29.9 40.8% 9 40 8 29.9-40.8%) IOTNAC AC 140 14 14.0 10.017.9%. 100179 10.0 17.9% 17 10.0-17.9%) OR=3.64 OR364 (OR=3.64 1.0612.50. 1061250 12.50 50 1.06-12.50) Conclusion (IOTN-DHC (MASC p02 p<0. p00 p≤0. 6 68. 35. OR=1.8 OR18 (OR=1.8 103 1.103.02 11030 110 1.1 302 3.0 1.10-3.02 OR=2.6 OR26 (OR=2.6 644 1.644.34 16443 164 1.6 434 4.3 1.64-4.34 OR=1.7 OR17 (OR=1.7 062 1.062.90 10629 106 1.0 290 2.9 1.06-2.90 940 29.940.8% 29940 299 29. 408 40.8 29.9-40.8% 14. 017 10.017.9% 10017 100 10. 179 17.9 10.0-17.9% OR=3.6 OR36 (OR=3.6 0612 1.0612.50 106125 1250 12.5 5 1.06-12.50 p0 p<0 p≤0 OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. 1.103.0 1103 1. 30 3. 1.10-3.0 OR=2. OR2 (OR=2. 1.644.3 1644 43 4. 1.64-4.3 1.062.9 1062 2. 1.06-2.9 94 29.940.8 2994 40. 29.9-40.8 01 10.017.9 1001 17. 10.0-17.9 OR=3. OR3 (OR=3. 061 1.0612.5 10612 125 12. 1.06-12.5 p< p≤ OR=1 (OR=1 1.103. 1.10-3. OR=2 (OR=2 1.644. 1.64-4. 1.062. 1.06-2. 29.940. 29.9-40. 10.017. 10.0-17. OR=3 (OR=3 1.0612. 1061 1.06-12. OR= (OR= 1.103 1.10-3 1.644 1.64-4 1.062 1.06-2 29.940 29.9-40 10.017 10.0-17 1.0612 1.06-12 (OR 1.10- 1.64- 1.06- 29.94 29.9-4 10.01 10.0-1 1.061 1.06-1 29.9- 10.0-

Abstract This study aimed to make a longitudinal analysis of interexaminer calibration reproducibility in diagnosing dental caries in posterior teeth, by examiners without previous experience in epidemiological studies. A group of 11 inexperienced examiners underwent theoretical-practical training and calibration assessments, assisted by a standard examiner. An examiner who did not participate directly in the research selected 5-year-old children with and without caries. The D3 diagnostic threshold was used to evaluate dental caries, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The initial calibration (baseline) was performed after the theoretical-practical training session, and consisted of examining 20 children; the second calibration occurred three months later, and involved evaluating another 18 children. The interexaminer agreement was obtained by kappa statistics, and by overall percentage agreement. The paired t-test was applied to compare the values for kappa means and overall percentage agreement between the time points studied. At baseline, the values for kappa (> 0.81) and overall percentage agreement (> 95.63%) were considered high. At the 3-month calibration assessment, all the examiners showed some decrease in both kappa (p < 0.0001) and overall percentage agreement (p = 0.0102). The calibration process currently proposed by the WHO is effective. However, reproducibility was not maintained over time for inexperienced examiners evaluating the posterior teeth of 5-year-old children, under epidemiological conditions. studies 1 theoreticalpractical theoretical practical assessments 5yearold yearold 5 year old D (WHO criteria baseline (baseline session 2 later statistics ttest t test studied > ( 0.81 081 0 81 95.63% 9563 95 63 high 3month month 3 assessment p 0.0001 00001 0001 0.0102. 00102 0.0102 . 0102 0.0102) effective However conditions 0.8 08 8 95.63 956 9 6 0.000 0000 000 0010 0.010 010 0. 95.6 0.00 00 001 0.01 01 95. 0.0

Resumo Introdução A movimentação ortodôntica pode causar sintomatologia dolorosa, principalmente nas fases iniciais do tratamento. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho da goma de mascar e do ibuprofeno no controle da dor durante o período inicial do tratamento ortodôntico. Material e método Foi desenvolvido um ensaio clínico randomizado cego, com razão de alocação de 1:1, com pacientes com idade ≥18 anos. O tamanho da amostra foi estabelecido considerando um nível de significância de 5% e poder do teste de 80%, resultando em um mínimo de 30 voluntários por grupo (n=90). Os participantes foram pareados quanto ao sexo, idade, gravidade da má oclusão, definida pelo Componente de Saúde Bucal (DHC) do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN), e apinhamento, determinado pelo índice de irregularidade de Little. A amostra foi distribuída aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo I (controle) placebo; Goma de mascar Grupo II; e Grupo III Ibuprofeno. A percepção da dor foi avaliada pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) nas primeiras 24, 36 e 48 horas após a ativação do aparelho ortodôntico. Os dados foram analisados por modelos lineares generalizados para medidas repetidas no tempo. Resultado Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa (p>0.05) entre os grupos para os métodos de terapia da dor avaliados em 24, 36 e 48 horas pós-ativação. Conclusão: Não houve diferença entre o método utilizado para controle da dor durante o tratamento ortodôntico.

Abstract Introduction Orthodontic movement can cause painful symptoms, especially in the early stages of treatment. Objective This study aimed to compare the performance of chewing gum and ibuprofen in pain control during the initial period of orthodontic treatment. Material and method A randomized blind clinical trial, with an allocation ratio of 1:1, was developed with patients aged ≥18 years old. The sample size was established considering a significance level of 5% and test power of 80%, resulting in a minimum of 30 volunteers per group (n=90). Participants were paired regarding sex, age, the severity of malocclusion, defined by the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), and crowding, determined by Little’s irregularity index. The sample was randomly allocated to three groups: Group I (control) placebo; Group II chewing gum; and Group III Ibuprofen. Pain perception was evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in the first 24, 36, and 48 hours after activation of the orthodontic appliance. The data were analyzed by generalized linear models for repeated measures in time. Result No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed among the groups for the methods of pain therapy evaluated in 24, 36, and 48 hours post-activation. Conclusion There was no difference among the method used for pain control during the orthodontic treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais da ortodontia quanto à prescrição de dentifrícios e antissépticos durante o tratamento ortodôntico. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional e descritivo exploratório de abrangência nacional com 440 ortodontistas brasileiros, baseado em cálculo amostral prévio, para avaliação da prática clínica dos ortodontistas na prescrição de dentifrícios e antissépticos. Questionários eletrônicos auto administrados foram enviados aos profissionais da Ortodontia. Os dados foram analisados por meio de tabelas de distribuição de frequência absolutas e relativas. Resultados: Verificou-se que o antisséptico bucal mais indicado (39,8%) foi o Colgate Periogard® (Colgate®) e 421 dos participantes (95,7%) conhecem o seu ingrediente ativo (digluconato de clorexidina). Além do antisséptico Colgate Periogard®, os participantes também foram questionados sobre qual o ingrediente ativo presente nos seguintes antissépticos, cujas respostas assertivas estavam na seguinte ordem %, Cepacol® (Sanofi-Aventis®) com 60,7%, Colgate Plax® (Colgate®) com 54,5% e Listerine® (Jhonson&Jhonson®) com 51,6%. Quanto ao regime terapêutico da clorexidina 63,9% indicaram assertivamente sua utilização sendo a mesma de 2 vezes ao dia durante 7 a 10 dias. O dentifrício mais indicado foi o Colgate Total 12®, sendo que 60,18% desses indivíduos indicaram corretamente seu composto ativo. Conclusão: De acordo com a metodologia empregada, pôde-se concluir que os profissionais da ortodontia conhecem e prescrevem métodos de controle químico aos pacientes durante o tratamento ortodôntico e a maioria identifica os compostos químicos ativos presentes nas fórmulas de antissépticos e dentifrícios.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of orthodontic professionals regarding the prescription of dentifrices and antiseptics during orthodontic treatment. Methods: An observational and descriptive exploratory study of national scope was conducted with 440 Brazilian orthodontists, based on previous sample calculations, to evaluate the clinical practice of orthodontists in prescribing dentifrices and antiseptics. Self-managed electronic questionnaires were sent to orthodontic professionals. The data were analyzed by means of absolute and relative frequency distribution tables. Results: It was verified that the most indicated mouthwash (39.8%) was Colgate Periogard® and 421 of the participants (95.7%) know its active ingredient (chlorhexidine digluconate). Besides Colgate Periogard® antiseptic, the participants were also questioned about which active ingredient present on the following antiseptics, whose assertive answers were in the following order of %, Cepacol® (Sanofi-Aventis®) with 60.7%, Colgate Plax® (Colgate®) with 54.5% and Listerine® (Jhonson&Jhonson®) with 51.6%. As for the chlorhexidine therapeutic regime, 63.9% have stated assertively its use, being this one of 2 times a day during 7 to 10 days. The most indicated tooth was Colgate Total 12®, and 60.18% of these individuals correctly indicated its active compound. Conclusion: According to the methodology employed, it could be concluded that orthodontic professionals know and prescribe methods of chemical control to patients during orthodontic treatment and most identify the active chemical compounds present in antiseptic and tooth formulas.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and self-esteem in adolescents in the Amazon region. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 212 adolescents with 12-year-old enrolled in all public schools in the Boca do Acre (Amazonas, Brazil). Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) assessed the psychosocial impact of malocclusion. The self-perception of the need for orthodontic treatment was evaluated by the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and Global Negative Self-evaluation (GSE), the adolescent's self-esteem. The malocclusion was clinically evaluated by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The variables with p<0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with p<0.10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Adolescents with low self-esteem were 2.20 (95% CI: 1.23-3.93) times more likely to have a more significant impact on dental aesthetics (p<0.05). When verified by domains, the adolescents with low self-esteem had 2.33 (95% CI: 1.31-4.17) and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.09-3.42) times more likely to impact the psychological and social domains of the PIDAQ, respectively. Conclusion: Self-esteem influenced adolescents' perception of dental aesthetics in the domains related to psychological and social impact. Objective selfesteem self esteem region Methods crosssectional cross sectional 21 12yearold yearold 12 year old Amazonas, Amazonas (Amazonas Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) PIDAQ (PIDAQ selfperception AC (AC IOTN (IOTN Selfevaluation Self evaluation GSE, GSE , (GSE) adolescent s selfesteem. esteem. DAI. DAI (DAI) p020 p 0 20 p<0.2 models p010 10 p<0.1 model OR (OR 95 CI. CI (CI) Results 220 2 2.2 (95 1.233.93 123393 1.23 3.93 1 23 3 93 1.23-3.93 p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 05 (p<0.05) 233 33 2.3 1.314.17 131417 1.31 4.17 31 4 17 1.31-4.17 193 1.9 1.093.42 109342 1.09 3.42 09 42 1.09-3.42 respectively Conclusion Selfesteem (GSE (DAI p02 p<0. p01 9 (CI 22 2. (9 1.233.9 12339 123 1.2 393 3.9 1.23-3.9 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 314 1.314.1 13141 131 1.3 417 4.1 1.31-4.1 19 1. 093 1.093.4 10934 109 1.0 342 3.4 1.09-3.4 p0 p<0 ( 1.233. 1233 39 3. 1.23-3. (p<0.0 1.314. 1314 13 41 4. 1.31-4. 1.093. 1093 34 1.09-3. p< 1.233 1.23-3 (p<0. 1.314 1.31-4 1.093 1.09-3 1.23- (p<0 1.31- 1.09- (p< (p

Abstract Objective: To associate the OHRQoL and HRQoL in mixed dentition children with the influence on age range, socioeconomic and clinical variables. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,240 children between 6 and 12 years of age. HRQoL was assessed by the Quality of Life Assessment Scale, considered an outcome variable. OHRQoL was determined using specific questionnaires related to the age group: Oral Health Impact Scale in Early Childhood, Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8 to 10 years, and 11 to 12 years. Dental caries and malocclusion were diagnosed. The socioeconomic class was evaluated. A multiple negative binomial regression analysis was used to test the relationship between HRQoL, OHRQoL scores and socioeconomic and clinical variables. Correlation analyses were performed between the total HRQoL and OHRQoL, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The HRQoL is inversely related to the impact of OHRQoL (p<0.05), modulated by the age group. There was a significant weak negative correlation between the HRQoL scores and the impact of OHRQoL (p<0.05). Conclusion: The OHRQoL impacts the HRQoL, modulated by the age group and with minor influence from socioeconomic and clinical variables.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da severidade da má oclusão na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL) de adolescentes não brancos. Estudo transversal foi realizado com 585 adolescentes brasileiros não brancos (12-15 anos). O Índice de Estética Dental (DAI) foi utilizado para a avaliação clínica da má oclusão e o Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) na OHRQoL. A sobremordida profunda e as relações oclusais transversais foram avaliadas em associação com o DAI. Os adolescentes com DAI 3 e 4 foram divididos em 4 grupos: G1 - indivíduos com relação transversal normal ou com ausência de sobremordida; G2 - indivíduos com mordida cruzada posterior; G3 - indivíduos com sobremordida profunda; e, G4 - indivíduos com mordida em Brodie. O modelo final estimou as variáveis selecionadas após o ajuste para aquelas que permaneceram no modelo multivariado em níveis iguais e superiores. A partir das análises de regressão logística, os odds ratios foram ajustados e estimados com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Os adolescentes com má oclusão severa divididos em G2, G3 e G4 mostraram um p-valor de 0.0501, 0.1475, e 0.5407, respectivamente, mas não permaneceram no modelo final. A severidade da má oclusão não teve impacto na OHRQoL de adolescentes não brancos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of malocclusion severity on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of non-white adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 585 non-white Brazilian adolescents (12-15 years). The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used for the clinical assessment of malocclusion and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) on OHRQoL. Deep bite and transverse occlusal relationships were assessed in association with the DAI. The adolescents with DAI 3 and 4 were distributed into 4 groups: G1 - individuals without transverse occlusal relationships or deep bite; G2 - individuals with only posterior crossbite; G3 - individuals with only deep bite; and G4 - individuals with Brodie bite. The backward stepwise procedure was used to select variables on each level, eliminating variables with a p≤0.20. From the logistic regression analyses, the adjusted odds ratios were estimated with the respective 95% confidence intervals. The adolescents with severe malocclusion divided into the G2, G3 and G4 showed p-value of 0.0501, 0.1475, and 0.5407, respectively, but did not remain in the final model. Malocclusion severity had no impact on the OHRQoL of non-white adolescents.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da severidade da má oclusão na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL) de adolescentes não brancos. Estudo transversal foi realizado com 585 adolescentes brasileiros não brancos (12-15 anos). O Índice de Estética Dental (DAI) foi utilizado para a avaliação clínica da má oclusão e o Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) na OHRQoL. A sobremordida profunda e as relações oclusais transversais foram avaliadas em associação com o DAI. Os adolescentes com DAI 3 e 4 foram divididos em 4 grupos: G1 - indivíduos com relação transversal normal ou com ausência de sobremordida; G2 - indivíduos com mordida cruzada posterior; G3 - indivíduos com sobremordida profunda; e, G4 - indivíduos com mordida em Brodie. O modelo final estimou as variáveis selecionadas após o ajuste para aquelas que permaneceram no modelo multivariado em níveis iguais e superiores. A partir das análises de regressão logística, os odds ratios foram ajustados e estimados com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Os adolescentes com má oclusão severa divididos em G2, G3 e G4 mostraram um p-valor de 0.0501, 0.1475, e 0.5407, respectivamente, mas não permaneceram no modelo final. A severidade da má oclusão não teve impacto na OHRQoL de adolescentes não brancos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of malocclusion severity on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of non-white adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 585 non-white Brazilian adolescents (12-15 years). The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used for the clinical assessment of malocclusion and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) on OHRQoL. Deep bite and transverse occlusal relationships were assessed in association with the DAI. The adolescents with DAI 3 and 4 were distributed into 4 groups: G1 - individuals without transverse occlusal relationships or deep bite; G2 - individuals with only posterior crossbite; G3 - individuals with only deep bite; and G4 - individuals with Brodie bite. The backward stepwise procedure was used to select variables on each level, eliminating variables with a p≤0.20. From the logistic regression analyses, the adjusted odds ratios were estimated with the respective 95% confidence intervals. The adolescents with severe malocclusion divided into the G2, G3 and G4 showed p-value of 0.0501, 0.1475, and 0.5407, respectively, but did not remain in the final model. Malocclusion severity had no impact on the OHRQoL of non-white adolescents.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar a redução da força de diferentes cadeias elastoméricas após diferentes tempos: inicial, 10 minutos, 1 dia, 28 dias e após escovação mecânica. Vinte segmentos de cadeias elastoméricas ortodônticas foram utilizadas para cada marca comercial. Inicialmente, a cadeia elastomérica de 15 mm de comprimento foi esticada imediatamente até 20 mm na Instron e a força foi medida em (gf). Após, todas as amostras foram adaptadas esticadas em placas retangulares de acrílico na distância de 20 mm, imersas em água deionizada a 37o C por 10 minutos e a força (gf) foi medida novamente. Cinco medidas de força foram feitas nos seguintes intervalos de tempo: inicial, 10 minutos, 1 dia, 28 dias e após a escovação mecânica. Após 28 dias, as placas de acrílico com as amostras foram adaptadas na máquina de escovação (MSCT 3) e as cadeias elastoméricas foram submetidas a escovação mecânica e a medida de força (gf) novamente. Os dados da força (gf) foram submetidos a ANOVA modelo misto e teste post-hoc de Sidak (α = 0,05). Uma redução estatisticamente significativa na força foi encontrada para todos os tipos de cadeia elastomérica ortodôntica após 1 dia, 28 dias e escovação mecânica (p<0,05). As cadeias elastoméricas Morelli e 3M Unitek apresentaram força significativamente superior em relação a Abzil e GAC (p<0,05) após 1 dia, 28 dias e escovação mecânica. Em conclusão, a força distribuída por todas as cadeias elastoméricas decaiu rapidamente com o tempo. As cadeias elastoméricas Morelli e 3M Unitek consistentemente tiveram uma força significativamente maior após a escovação mecânica, enquanto GAC a mais baixa.

Abstract The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the force decrease of different elastomeric chains after different times: initial, 10 minutes, 1 day, 28 days and after mechanical brushing. Twenty orthodontic elastomeric chains segments were utilized for each commercial brand. Initially, the elastomeric chain of 15mm long were immediate stretched up to 20 mm in an Instron and the force was measured in gf. After all specimens were placed stretched on rectangular acrylic jigs with distance of 20 mm, immersed in deionized water at 37oC for 10 minutes and the force (gf) was measured again. Five test measurements of remaining force were made at the following time intervals: initial, 10 minutes, 1 day, 28 days and mechanical brushing. After 28 days, the acrylic plates with the specimens were adapted in the mechanical brushing machines (MSCT 3) and the elastomeric chains were submitted to mechanical brushing and the force (gf) measure again. The force (gf) was submitted to mixed-model ANOVA and Sidak post-hoc test (α=0.05). A statistically significant reduction in the force was found for all orthodontic elastomeric chain types after 1 day, 28 days and mechanical brushing (p<0.05). Morelli and 3M Unitek elastomeric chains showed significantly higher force than Abzil and GAC (p<0.05) after 1 day, 28 days and mechanical brushing. In conclusion, the force delivered by all elastomeric chains decayed rapidly over time. Morelli and 3M Unitek elastomeric chains consistently had a significantly greater force after mechanic brushing, while GAC the lowest.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento, as atitudes e os aspectos da prática clínica de ortodontistas e periodontistas, com relação às contenções ortodônticas fixas inferiores. Métodos: Os ortodontistas (n = 502) e periodontistas (n = 269) que participaram desse estudo transversal observacional receberam, por correio eletrônico, perguntas relacionadas ao tipo de contenção fixa inferior e ao acúmulo de biofilme dentário, higiene bucal e possíveis alterações no periodonto. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Tanto os ortodontistas (72,3%) quanto os periodontistas (58,7%) relataram que a contenção higiênica acumula mais biofilme dental (p< 0,05), e 64,1% dos ortodontistas e 58,7% dos periodontistas consideram que a contenção modificada pode levar a alterações periodontais (p< 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os especialistas a respeito do tipo de contenção fixa inferior considerado de mais fácil higienização pelo paciente (p> 0,05), sendo que 48,6% dos profissionais escolheram a do tipo modificada. Conclusão: Na percepção dos ortodontistas e periodontistas, a contenção modificada acumula maior quantidade de biofilme dentário, podendo causar alterações periodontais.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and aspects of the clinical practice of orthodontists and periodontists, regarding lower fixed orthodontic retainers. Methods: The orthodontists (n=502) and periodontists (n=269) who participated in this cross-sectional observational study received, via e-mail, questions related to the type of lower fixed retainer, dental biofilm accumulation, oral hygiene, and potential periodontal changes. The data were subjected to chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, at 5% significance level. Results: Both orthodontists (72.3%) and periodontists (58.7%) reported that hygienic retainers accumulate more dental biofilm (p< 0.05), and 64.1% of orthodontists and 58.7% of periodontists considered that modified retainers may lead to periodontal changes (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the dental specialties, regarding the type of lower fixed retainer considered the easiest for the patient to perform hygiene (p> 0.05), whereas 48.6% of professionals chose the modified type. Conclusion: The modified retainer accumulates a greater amount of dental biofilm and, in the perception of orthodontists and periodontists, it may cause periodontal changes.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo experimental in vitro foi avaliar se sessões de clareamento dental antes do tratamento ortodôntico alteram a resistência da união ao cisalhamento (RUC) de braquetes estéticos dos tipos monocristalino e policristalino. Métodos: Sessenta (60) dentes incisivos bovinos foram utilizados e divididos aleatoriamente nos seguintes seis grupos (n = 10): SCP (sem clareamento/braquetes policristalinos); SCM (sem clareamento/braquetes monocristalinos); 1CP (uma sessão de clareamento/braquetes policristalinos); 1CM (uma sessão de clareamento/braquetes monocristalinos); 3CP (três sessões de clareamento/braquetes policristalinos); e 3CM (três sessões de clareamento/braquetes monocristalinos). Os braquetes foram colados sete dias após as sessões de clareamento. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de RUC em máquina universal de ensaios (Instron modelo 4411) na velocidade de 1 mm/min. Foi realizada análise de variância de dois fatores (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Após o ensaio mecânico, as amostras foram avaliadas para determinação do índice de adesivo remanescente (ARI), de acordo com o método proposto por Artun e Bergland, com o auxílio de uma lupa com lente de aumento de 25x. Resultados: Os valores de RUC foram significativamente maiores para os braquetes monocristalinos do que para os policristalinos (p< 0,0001) e significativamente maiores com três sessões de clareamento do que sem clareamento (p< 0,0436). O ARI mostrou predomínio de falhas entre o braquete e a resina para todos os grupos (escore 3). Conclusão: Três sessões de clareamento dental têm efeito positivo na RUC. Os braquetes monocristalinos apresentaram valores de RUC superiores aos do tipo policristalino.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this experimental in vitro study was to evaluate whether dental bleaching performed before orthodontic treatment change the shear bond strength (SBS) of monocrystalline and polycrystalline esthetic brackets. Methods: Sixty (60) bovine incisors teeth were used and randomly divided into the following six groups (n=10): SCP (without bleaching/polycrystalline brackets); SCM (without bleaching/monocrystalline brackets); 1CP (one bleaching session/polycrystalline brackets); 1CM (one bleaching session/monocrystalline brackets); 3CP (three bleaching sessions/polycrystalline brackets); and 3CM (three bleaching sessions/monocrystalline brackets). The brackets were bonded seven days after the bleaching sessions. The samples were submitted to the SBS test in a universal testing machine (Instron model 4411) at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey tests were performed at a 5% level of significance. After the mechanical test, samples were evaluated to determine the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Results: The SBS values were significantly higher for the monocrystalline brackets, when compared with the polycrystalline type (p< 0.0001), and significantly higher with three bleaching sessions than without bleaching (p< 0.0436). The ARI showed predominance of failures between the bracket and resin for all the groups (score 3). Conclusion: Three dental bleaching sessions increased the SBS values. Monocrystalline brackets showed higher SBS values than the polycrystalline type.

Resumo Introdução A dor orofacial é um sintoma crítico da DTM que pode influenciar a capacidade física e social. Objetivo Avaliar a associação dos sintomas das desordens têmporomandibulares (DTM) com as relações afetivas e variáveis demográficas em adultos jovens. Material e método Estudo transversal envolvendo 395 adultos jovens foi realizado. Os critérios diagnósticos para DTM, ansiedade e depressão foram coletados a partir de questionários. O Componente de Saúde Bucal do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico mensurou a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico. Os questionários também continham questões relacionadas ao tratamento ortodôntico anterior. Modelos de regressão logística foram ajustados, estimando odds ratio bruto com os intervalos de confiança de 95%. As variáveis com p<0.20 nas análises foram avaliadas em modelo de regressão logística múltipla, permanecendo as variáveis com p≤0.10. Resultado Não houve associação significativa dos sintomas de DTM com sexo, idade, uso de medicamentos para dor, tratamento ortodôntico prévio, necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico, ansiedade e depressão (p>0.05). Indivíduos sem relacionamento afetivo têm 1.78 (IC95%:0.99-3.17) vezes mais chance de relatar sintomas de DTM. Conclusão Os relacionamentos afetivos mostraram associação com os sintomas de DTM em adultos jovens.

Abstract Introduction Orofacial pain is a critical TMD symptom that can influence physical and social capacity. Objective To evaluate the association of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms with affective relationships and demographic variables in young adults. Material and method A cross-sectional study involving 395 young adults was developed. Diagnostic Criteria for TMD, anxiety, and depression were collected from questionnaires. The Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need measures the orthodontic treatment need. Questionnaires also contained questions related to the previous orthodontic treatment. Logistic regression models were adjusted, estimating crude odds ratio with the 95% confidence intervals. The variables with p<0.20 in the analyses were assessed in a multiple logistic regression model, remaining with p≤0.10. Result There was no significant association of TMD symptoms with sex, age, medication use for pain, previous orthodontic treatment, orthodontic treatment need, anxiety, and depression (p>0.05). Individuals without an affective relationship are 1.78 (95%CI: 0.99-3.17) times more likely to report TMD symptoms. Conclusion Affective relationships showed an association with TMD symptoms in young adults.

Resumo Introdução O desenvolvimento do complexo craniofacial resulta da interação de fatores genéticos e ambientais. Dentre as ocorrências que podem afetar esse desenvolvimento, estão as odontológicas. A cárie dentária e a má oclusão são de etiologia multifatorial e atingem grande parte da população, podendo impactar a qualidade de vida. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de fatores clínicos, funcionais e sociais na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de crianças e suas famílias. Material e método A amostra consistiu de 753 crianças matriculadas nas escolas públicas da cidade de Araraquara-SP. Foram realizados exames bucais para avaliar a ocorrência cárie dentária (ceo-d e CPO-D) e a má oclusão (Foster, Hamilton) e aplicado um questionário socioeconômico aos pais, além do questionário para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal (ECOHIS). Os dados foram avaliados por meio de análise bivariada e, em seguida, pelo modelo de regressão logística múltipla, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultado A condição social, além das variáveis clínicas de cárie dentaria e trauma dental, apresentou associação com o impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal nas três sessões do questionário: criança, pais e geral, respectivamente. Conclusão A experiência da cárie dentária, o nível socioeconômico e o trauma dental foram variáveis preditoras para o impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de crianças e suas famílias. Os hábitos estão mais relacionados ao índice ceo-d e ao nível socioeconômico do que com a má oclusão.

Abstract Introduction The development of the craniofacial complex results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Dental caries and malocclusion have a multifactorial etiology and affect a large part of the population, which may impact the quality of life. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical, functional and social factors on oral health-related quality of life of children and their families. Material and method The sample consisted of 753 children enrolled in public schools in the city of Araraquara-SP. Oral examinations were performed to assess dental caries (dmft and DMFT) and malocclusion (Foster, Hamilton) and a socioeconomic questionnaire was administered to the parents, in addition to the quality assessment questionnaire. health-related life expectancy (ECOHIS). Data were evaluated by bivariate analysis and then by multiple logistic regression model, considering the significance level of 5%. Result Social condition, besides the clinical variables dental caries and dental trauma were associated with the negative impact on oral health-related quality of life in the three questionnaire sessions, child, parent and general respectively. Conclusion The experience of dental caries, socioeconomic status and dental trauma were predictive variables for the negative impact on oral health-related quality of life of children and their families. Habits seem to be more related to the dmft index and socioeconomic level than to malocclusion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do perfil facial nos domínios da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de jovens adultos. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal realizado com 205 jovens adultos, com idade média de 23,1 anos. Os indivíduos responderam questões sobre QVRSB (OHIP-14) e autoestima (Global Negative Self-Evaluation). O Componente de Saúde Bucal (DHC) do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN) avaliou as necessidades normativas de tratamento ortodôntico e definiu clinicamente a má oclusão dentária. O perfil facial foi analisado por meio de fotografias e dicotomizado em dois níveis: perfil facial normal (reto) e perfil facial alterado (convexo ou côncavo). Um pesquisador calibrado realizou os exames clínicos. A associação entre as variáveis independentes e o desfecho (QVRSB) foi determinada pela análise de regressão linear múltipla hierarquizada para cada domínio do OHIP-14. Considerando a variável de interesse (perfil facial), o domínio incapacidade psicológica foi o item mais afetado. Resultados: Indivíduos com perfil facial alterado tiveram 2,47 (1,04-5,85) vezes mais chances de relatar impacto na incapacidade psicológica do que aqueles com perfil normal (p > 0,05). A associação foi modulada pela má oclusão dentária e a autoestima. Conclusões: O perfil facial alterado (convexo ou côncavo) apresentou impacto negativo nos aspectos psicológicos da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de adultos jovens.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of facial profile on young adults’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) item levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based sample of 205 young adults, with a mean age of 23.1 years. The individuals answered questions about OHRQoL (OHIP-14) and self-esteem (Global Negative Self-Evaluation). The Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to evaluate normative orthodontic treatment needs and define dental malocclusion clinically. Facial profile was analyzed using photographs and dichotomized into two levels: normal (straight) and altered facial profile (convex or concave). A calibrated researcher performed the clinical examination. Association between the independent variables and the outcome (OHRQoL) was established by hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis for each item level. Considering the variable of interest (facial profile), the psychological incapacity domain was the most affected item. Results: Individuals with changed facial profile had 2.47 (1.04-5.85) times higher chances of reporting impacts on psychological incapacity than those with a normal profile (p> 0.05). The association was modulated by dental malocclusion and self-esteem. Conclusions: The convex and concave facial profile showed a negative impact on the psychological aspects of young adults’ quality of life.