Abstract Introduction Minor structural alterations of the vocal fold cover are important causes of dysphonia. The variability in the type of alteration and the grade of vocal deviation affects the definition of the conduit and the results of treatment. Objective To characterize the occurrence, the selected treatments adopted and vocal quality before and after treatment in patients with minor structural alterations of the vocal folds cover. Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on the records of patients treated by an interdisciplinary team at the laryngology outpatient clinic of a public university hospital from 2010 to 2018. Data collection consisted of access to a database of information on otorhinolaryngological diagnostic hypotheses, intervention and perceptual-auditory vocal assessments before and after the treatment. Data from 102 subjects were analyzed. Association tests were applied between the perceptualauditory vocal results and the different alterations found and between these and the adopted treatments. The results of the degrees of vocal deviation before and after treatment were also compared. Results The degree of roughness was associated with the sulcus vocalis, and in this alteration the highest occurrence was mild degree of roughness. There was an improvement in the breathiness and general grade of vocal deviation after treatment. Conclusion Cysts were the most frequent structural alteration in the population studied. There was an association between the degree of general deviation and that of roughness in sulcus vocalis cases. The breathiness and the general grade of vocal deviation improved after treatment regardless of the type of treatment and alteration.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como o poder organizacional pode ser exercido sobre populações específicas por meio das inscrições contábeis. A metodologia de pesquisa é baseada em um estudo de caso e pesquisa de arquivo. O estudo de caso do Fundo de Emancipação teve como base de análise a legislação, documentos de arquivo e notícias de jornais. Quanto à abordagem adotada, este artigo utiliza o conceito da governamentalidade para a condução de uma análise interpretativa dos dados. Os resultados demonstram que o uso das inscrições contábeis permitiu o controle territorial e da arrecadação de quantias para a constituição das quotas municipais do Fundo de Emancipação, a supervisão dos senhores, e estabeleceu critérios de seleção para a alforria de escravos considerados "dignos de liberdade", mantendo, dessa forma, o controle sobre a transição gradual do trabalho escravo para o trabalho assalariado.

ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze how organizational power can be exercised over specific populations through accounting inscriptions. This aim has been achieved by using a methodology based on a case study and archive research. The case study of the national emancipation fund was based on the analysis of legislation, archival documents, and newspapers. The concept of governmentality has been used to conduct an interpretative data analysis. The results demonstrate that the accounting inscriptions allowed territorial control and collection of amounts for constitution of municipal emancipation fund, supervision of the slavers owners, and establishment of selection criteria for the manumission of slaves considered "worthy of freedom." In this way, the imperial state maintained control over the gradual transition from slavery to wage labor.

RESUMEN El presente estudio analiza cómo el poder organizacional puede ejercerse sobre las poblaciones específicas a través de inscripciones contables. La metodología de investigación se basa en un estudio de caso y una investigación de archivo. El estudio de caso del fondo de emancipación se basó en el análisis de la legislación, documentos de archivo y noticias periodísticas. Este artículo utiliza el concepto de la gubernamentalidad en la conducción de un análisis interpretativo de los datos. Los resultados demuestran que el uso de las inscripciones contables permitió el control de la recaudación de cantidades para la constitución de las cuotas municipales del fondo de emancipación, la supervisión de los señores, el control territorial y de la selección para la manumisión de esclavos considerados "dignos de libertad", manteniendo así el control sobre la transición gradual del trabajo esclavo al trabajo asalariado.

Human sapoviruses (HSaV) are considered important causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. However, knowledge of the genetic characteristics of the whole genome of HSaV in Brazil is limited. Here we report the complete genome sequences of six HSaVs GI.2 and two GI.3 strains obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis in the Northern region of Brazil. Next generation sequencing was used to obtain the full genome and molecular characterization of the genome was performed. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome was also performed. Only one complete HSaV GI.2 genome characterization in the country precedes that of the present study. This is the first complete genome sequence of genotype GI.3 in Brazil. The data obtained in this investigation can contribute to the augmentation of the database on the molecular diversity of HSaVs strains circulating in Brazil, and to the improvement of current typing protocols.

ABSTRACT Objective to investigate the scientific production about spirituality and religiosity in the context of congenital malformation. Method this integrative literature review, conducted in the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases, included papers published from 2007 to 2017. Results textual analysis of the 28 publications examined enabled two categories to be constructed: Spiritual and religious practices, and families’ coping with the diagnosis and birth; and Spirituality, religiosity, and care for the malformed child. Conclusion the studies, although having different meanings, have shown that spirituality in health is often associated with religiosity. This human dimension proved to be important in coping with the diagnosis of congenital malformation, and served as a source of support in dealing with the care for those affected.

RESUMEN Objetivo investigar la producción científica sobre la espiritualidad y la religiosidad en el contexto de la malformación congénita. Método revisión integradora de la literatura, sobre el tema, llevada a cabo en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y SciELO, que incluyó artículos de 2007 a 2017. Resultados se examinaron 28 publicaciones, cuyos análisis textuales permitieron la construcción de dos categorías: prácticas espirituales y religiosas y el enfrentamiento del diagnóstico y del nacimiento por los familiares; espiritualidad, religiosidad y cuidado del niño malformado. Conclusión incluso teniendo diferentes significados, los estudios revelaron que la espiritualidad en la salud se asocia, frecuentemente, con la religiosidad. Esta dimensión humana demostró ser relevante en el enfrentamiento del diagnóstico de la malformación congénita y sirvió como fuente de sustento para enfrentar las dificultades del cuidado de sus portadores.

RESUMO Objetivo investigar a produção científica sobre a espiritualidade e religiosidade no contexto da malformação congênita. Método revisão integrativa da literatura, sobre o tema, com busca realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo, a qual incluiu artigos de 2007 a 2017. Resultados foram examinadas 28 publicações, cujas análises textuais permitiram a construção de duas categorias: práticas espirituais e religiosas e o enfrentamento do diagnóstico e nascimento pelos familiares; espiritualidade, religiosidade e cuidado com a criança malformada. Conclusão mesmo possuindo significados diferentes, os estudos revelaram que a espiritualidade em saúde é, com frequência, associada à religiosidade. Essa dimensão humana mostrou-se relevante diante do enfrentamento do diagnóstico de malformação congênita e serviu como fonte de sustento para o enfrentamento do cuidado com seus portadores.

Human enteroviruses (EVs) are associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases. Here we report the complete genome sequences of one EV-C99 strain and one E29 strain obtained from children suffering from acute gastroenteritis, without symptoms of enteroviral syndromes. This is the first report of EV-C99 in South America, and the second E29 genome described worldwide. Continuous surveillance on EVs is vital to provide further understanding of the circulation of new or rare EV serotypes in the country. The present study also highlights the capacity of EVs to remain in silent circulation in populations.

Eugenol is an aromatic compound found in several plant species. It presents important biological activities including cytotoxicity. In this paper, it is described the synthesis and the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of eugenol derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole functionalities. Eugenol, extracted via hydrodistillation from dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata (=Syzygium aromaticum), was submitted to alkylation reactions to afford two terminal alkynes in good yields. The key reaction involved in the preparation of eugenol derivatives corresponded to the Copper(I)-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC), between alkynylated eugenol derivatives and different benzyl azides. The evaluation of the cytotoxicity of twenty seven synthesized derivatives against HL60 leukemia cell line revealed that at 100 µmol L-1, five of them, namely 4-((4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)-1-(3-bromobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (6n), 4-(3-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl)-1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (7a), 4-(3-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (7c), 4-(3-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl)-1-(4-iodobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (7e) and 4-(3-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl)-1-(3-bromobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (7m), were capable of significantly decreasing cell viability. These most active triazolic derivatives were also evaluated against B16F10 melanoma and Nalm6 leukemia cell lines. While only compound 7a was active against the former, compounds 6n, 7a, and 7m displayed activity against the latter. Derivative 7a was active against all cell lines. It is believed that eugenol derivatives bearing triazole functionalities may represent a scaffold to be explored toward the development of new agents against cancer.

ABSTRACT Salmonella Enteritidis causes fowl paratyphoid in poultry and is frequently associated to outbreaks of food-borne diseases in humans. The role of flagella and flagella-mediated motility into host-pathogen interplay is not fully understood and requires further investigation. In this study, one-day-old chickens were challenged orally with a wild-type strain Salmonella Enteritidis, a non-motile but fully flagellated (SE ΔmotB) or non-flagellated (SE ΔfliC) strain to evaluate their ability to colonise the intestine and spread systemically and also of eliciting gross and histopathological changes. SE ΔmotB and SE ΔfliC were recovered in significantly lower numbers from caecal contents in comparison with Salmonella Enteritidis at early stages of infection (3 and 5 dpi). The SE ΔmotB strain, which synthesises paralysed flagella, showed poorer intestinal colonisation ability than the non-flagellated SE ΔfliC. Histopathological analyses demonstrated that the flagellated strains induced more intense lymphoid reactivity in liver, ileum and caeca. Thus, in the present study the flagellar structure and motility seemed to play a role in the early stages of the intestinal colonisation by Salmonella Enteritidis in the chicken.

Resumo OBJETIVO: descrever as características dos cuidados de saúde bucal durante o acompanhamento pré-natal e o conhecimento sobre saúde bucal entre gestantes usuárias de serviços de saúde público e privado em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo com 300 gestantes entrevistadas em serviço público e 300 em serviço privado, no período de agosto de 2007 a julho de 2008. RESULTADOS: a frequência de escovação dentária foi similar entre as usuárias dos serviços público e privado (p=0,156), enquanto o uso de fio dental (64,0% e 47,0%; p<0,001) e de colutórios (39,7% e 27,0%; p=0,001) foi mais frequente no serviço privado, em relação ao público; a maioria das usuárias, tanto do serviço público (60,3%) como do privado (65,7%), desconheciam a associação entre saúde bucal e gravidez. CONCLUSÃO: a frequência de escovação dentária foi similar entre gestantes dos serviços público e privado; os efeitos da gestação sobre a saúde bucal eram pouco conhecidos.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: to describe characteristics of oral health care during prenatal check-ups and knowledge about oral health among pregnant women using public and private health services in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: this is a descriptive study of 300 women interviewed in public health services and a further 300 interviewed in private health services between August 2007 and July 2008. RESULTS: tooth brushing frequency was similar among users of public and private services (p=0.156), while flossing (64.0% and 47.0%; p<0.001) and mouthwashing (39.7% and 27.0%; p=0.001) was more frequent among private service users in relation to public service users; most users of public services (60.3%) and private services (65.7%) were unaware of the association between oral health and pregnancy. CONCLUSION: frequency of tooth brushing was similar among pregnant women in public and private services; the effects of pregnancy on oral health were not well known.

Resumen OBJETIVO: identificar las características de los cuidados en salud oral durante el prenatal y el conocimiento acerca de salud oral entre gestantes de servicios de salud públicos y privados en São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo de 300 mujeres entrevistadas en servicio público y 300 en servicio privado, entre agosto de 2007 y julio de 2008. RESULTADOS: la frecuencia del cepillado dental fue similar entre usuarias de servicios públicos y privados (p=0,156), mientras que el uso de hilo dental (64,0% y 47,0%, p<0,001) y enjuagues bucales (39,7% y 27,0%, p=0,001) fue más frecuente en el servicio particular; la mayoría de las usuarias de los servicios públicos (60,3%) y privados (65,7%) no eran conscientes de la asociación de salud oral y embarazo. CONCLUSIÓN: la frecuencia cepillado dental fue similar entre las mujeres embarazadas en los servicios públicos y privados; los efectos del embarazo en la salud bucal eran poco conocidos.

Resumo OBJETIVO: descrever as características dos cuidados de saúde bucal durante o acompanhamento pré-natal e o conhecimento sobre saúde bucal entre gestantes usuárias de serviços de saúde público e privado em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo com 300 gestantes entrevistadas em serviço público e 300 em serviço privado, no período de agosto de 2007 a julho de 2008. RESULTADOS: a frequência de escovação dentária foi similar entre as usuárias dos serviços público e privado (p=0,156), enquanto o uso de fio dental (64,0% e 47,0%; p<0,001) e de colutórios (39,7% e 27,0%; p=0,001) foi mais frequente no serviço privado, em relação ao público; a maioria das usuárias, tanto do serviço público (60,3%) como do privado (65,7%), desconheciam a associação entre saúde bucal e gravidez. CONCLUSÃO: a frequência de escovação dentária foi similar entre gestantes dos serviços público e privado; os efeitos da gestação sobre a saúde bucal eram pouco conhecidos.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: to describe characteristics of oral health care during prenatal check-ups and knowledge about oral health among pregnant women using public and private health services in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: this is a descriptive study of 300 women interviewed in public health services and a further 300 interviewed in private health services between August 2007 and July 2008. RESULTS: tooth brushing frequency was similar among users of public and private services (p=0.156), while flossing (64.0% and 47.0%; p<0.001) and mouthwashing (39.7% and 27.0%; p=0.001) was more frequent among private service users in relation to public service users; most users of public services (60.3%) and private services (65.7%) were unaware of the association between oral health and pregnancy. CONCLUSION: frequency of tooth brushing was similar among pregnant women in public and private services; the effects of pregnancy on oral health were not well known.

Resumen OBJETIVO: identificar las características de los cuidados en salud oral durante el prenatal y el conocimiento acerca de salud oral entre gestantes de servicios de salud públicos y privados en São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo de 300 mujeres entrevistadas en servicio público y 300 en servicio privado, entre agosto de 2007 y julio de 2008. RESULTADOS: la frecuencia del cepillado dental fue similar entre usuarias de servicios públicos y privados (p=0,156), mientras que el uso de hilo dental (64,0% y 47,0%, p<0,001) y enjuagues bucales (39,7% y 27,0%, p=0,001) fue más frecuente en el servicio particular; la mayoría de las usuarias de los servicios públicos (60,3%) y privados (65,7%) no eran conscientes de la asociación de salud oral y embarazo. CONCLUSIÓN: la frecuencia cepillado dental fue similar entre las mujeres embarazadas en los servicios públicos y privados; los efectos del embarazo en la salud bucal eran poco conocidos.

Carbapenem-resistance mechanisms are a challenge in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. We investigated changes in P. aeruginosa carbapenem-resistance determinants over a time period of eight years after the emergence of São Paulo metallo-β-lactamase in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were screened for P. aeruginosa colonisation and followed for the occurrence of infections from April 2007 to April 2008. The ICU environment was also sampled. Isolates were typed using random amplified polymorphic DNA, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion and E-test, production of carbapenemases by a modified-CarbaNP test and presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes by polymerase chain reaction. Non-carbapenemase resistance mechanisms studied included efflux and AmpC overexpression by PAβN and cloxacillin susceptibility enhancement, respectively, as well as oprD mutations. From 472 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates (93 patients) and 17 isolates from the ICU environment, high genotypic diversity and several international clones were observed; one environment isolate belonged to the blaSPM-1 P. aeruginosa epidemic genotype. Among isolates from infections, 10 (29%) were carbapenem resistant: none produced carbapenemases, three exhibited all non-carbapenemase mechanisms studied, six presented a combination of two mechanisms, and one exclusively displayed oprD mutations. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa displayed a polyclonal profile after the SPM-1 epidemic genotype declined. This phenomenon is connected with blaSPM-1 P. aeruginosa replaced by other carbapenem-resistant pathogens.

Resumo A baixa qualidade da água para consumo humano está diretamente relacionada à ocorrência de doenças de transmissão hídrica. Para minimizar riscos à saúde e vulnerabilidades relacionadas ao abastecimento de água, o Ministério da Saúde propõe a implantação do Programa Nacional de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (Vigiagua) aos municípios brasileiros. Focando na região da Amazônia Legal, o presente estudo demonstra uma série histórica do percentual de municípios com o programa Vigiagua implantado, atingindo em 2013 a marca de 45,1% dos municípios dessa região. O estudo ainda identifica áreas muito vulneráveis nos estados do Amapá, Amazonas e Maranhão para a questão da qualidade da água. Com esta análise da situação do abastecimento de água para consumo humano pretende-se subsidiar e direcionar as ações estratégicas da vigilância em saúde ambiental na região.

Abstract Low quality drinking water has been directly correlated to the occurrence of waterborne illnesses in northern Brazil. To minimize health risks related to the water supply, the Ministry of Health has proposed the implementation of the National Program for the Surveillance of Drinking Water Quality (VIGIAGUA) in Brazilian municipalities. Focusing on the Legal Amazon region, the present study demonstrates a historical account of the percentage of municipalities included in the VIGIAGUA program in place, which in 2013 reached 45.1% of the region municipalities. This study also identifies vulnerable areas in terms of the water quality in the states of Amapá, Amazonas and Maranhão. With this analysis of the current status of the drinking water supply, this study intends to support and direct the strategic efforts of environmental health monitoring in the region.

RESUMO O estudo foi realizado para avaliar o perfil metabólico de cabras lactantes alimentadas com dietas contendo farelo de manga integral em substituição ao milho. Foram avaliados quatro níveis de substituição (0; 33; 66 e 100%) em dietas com relação volumoso:concentrado de 60:40. Oito cabras mestiças Saanen, multíparas e lactantes (48.72 ± 1.99 kg de peso corporal) foram introduzidas no experimento aos 48 dias pós-parto e mantidas até 124 dias de lactação. Utilizou-se como delineamento experimental dois Quadrados latinos 4x4, com quatro tratamentos, quatro períodos e quatros animais por quadrado. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos níveis de farelo de manga integral sobre os consumos de matéria seca (1890 g/dia), PB (278 g/dia) e FDN (959 g/dia). Contudo, os consumos de carboidratos não fibrosos e nutrientes digestíveis totais reduziram (P<0,05) 27,9 g/dia e 0,082 kg/dia respectivamente, à medida que aumentava o teor farelo de manga integral nas dietas. As concentrações de ureia, creatinina, gama glutamil transferase, aspartato aminotransferase, albumina, proteínas totais, glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e magnésio não foram alteradas pelos níveis de substituição, com valores médios de 54,52 mg/dl, 0,71 mg/dl, 52,59 UI, 77,37 UI, 4,69 g/dl, 9,32 g/dl, 74,44 mg/dl, 40,10 mg/dl, 39,39 mg/dl e 11,09 mg/dl, respectivamente. Considerando o perfil metabólico, o farelo de manga pode substituir totalmente o milho em dietas de cabras lactantes.

SUMMARY The work was conducted to evaluate the metabolic profile of lactating goats fed diets containing integral mango meal as a replacement for corn. Four levels of replacement (0, 33, 66 and 100%) were evaluated in diets with forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40. Eight crossbred multiparous lactating Saanen goats (48.72 ± 1.99 kg of BW) were introduced in the experiment 48 days postpartum and maintained up to 124 days of lactation. It was used a double Latin Square (4x4) experimental design, with four treatments, four periods and four animals per square. There was no effects (P>0.05) for the integral mango meal level on the intake of DM (1890 g/day), CP (278 g/day) and NDF (959 g/day). However, the intake of NFC and TDN decreased (P<0.05) 27.9 g/day and 0.082 kg/day, respectively, as the dietary integral mango meal increased. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, gamma glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, total protein, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and magnesium were not altered (P>0.05) by replacement levels, with average values of 54.52 mg/dl, 0.71 mg/dl, 52.59 UI, 77.37 UI, 4.69 g/dl, 9.32 g/dl, 74.44 mg/dl, 40.10 mg/dl, 39.39 mg/dl, and 11.09 mg/dl, respectively. Considering the metabolic profile, mango meal whole can totally replace corn in diets of dairy goats.

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre os vários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular tem sido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vinte e seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HE e à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observada na conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária, com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perda de estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achados costumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado, acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímica revelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the various tissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for the leishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out the parasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologic evaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the third eyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitized histiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasia were often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland (TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.