Abstract Introduction and objective Due to the high cost and insufficient offer, the request for Intensive Care (ICU) beds for postoperative recovery needs adequate criteria. Therefore, we studied the characteristics of patients referred to postoperative care at an ICU from the perspective of anesthesiologists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians. Methods A questionnaire on referrals to postoperative intensive care was applied to physicians at congresses in Brazil. Anesthesiologists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians who agreed to fill out the questionnaire were included. The questionnaire consisted of hypothetical clinical scenarios and cases for participants to choose which would be the priority for referral to the ICU. Results 360 physicians participated in the study, with median time of 10 (5-18) years after graduation. Of the interviewees, 36.4% were anesthesiologists, 30.0% surgeons, and 33.6% intensive care physicians. We found that anesthesiologists were more conservative, and surgeons less conservative in ICU referrals. As to patients with risk of bleeding, 75.0% of the surgeons would refer them to the ICU, in contrast with 52.1% of the intensive care physicians, and 43.5% of the anesthesiologists (p< 0.001). As to elderly persons with limited reserve, 62.0% of the surgeons would refer them to the ICU, in contrast with 47.1% of the intensive care physicians, and 22.1% of the anesthesiologists (p< 0.001). As to patients with risk of respiratory complications, 64.5% of the surgeons would recommend the ICU, versus 43.0% of the intensive care physicians, and 32.1% of the anesthesiologists (p< 0.001). Intensive care physicians classified priorities better in indicating ICU, and the main risk indicator was the ASA physical status in all specialties (p< 0.001). There was no agreement among the specialties and surgeries on prioritizing post-operative intensive care. Conclusion Anesthesiologists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians presented different perspectives on postoperative referral to the ICU.

Abstract Introduction and objective Due to the high cost and insufficient offer, the request for Intensive Care (ICU) beds for postoperative recovery needs adequate criteria. Therefore, we studied the characteristics of patients referred to postoperative care at an ICU from the perspective of anesthesiologists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians. Methods A questionnaire on referrals to postoperative intensive care was applied to physicians at congresses in Brazil. Anesthesiologists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians who agreed to fill out the questionnaire were included. The questionnaire consisted of hypothetical clinical scenarios and cases for participants to choose which would be the priority for referral to the ICU. Results 360 physicians participated in the study, with median time of 10 (5-18) years after graduation. Of the interviewees, 36.4% were anesthesiologists, 30.0% surgeons, and 33.6% intensive care physicians. We found that anesthesiologists were more conservative, and surgeons less conservative in ICU referrals. As to patients with risk of bleeding, 75.0% of the surgeons would refer them to the ICU, in contrast with 52.1% of the intensive care physicians, and 43.5% of the anesthesiologists (p< 0.001). As to elderly persons with limited reserve, 62.0% of the surgeons would refer them to the ICU, in contrast with 47.1% of the intensive care physicians, and 22.1% of the anesthesiologists (p< 0.001). As to patients with risk of respiratory complications, 64.5% of the surgeons would recommend the ICU, versus 43.0% of the intensive care physicians, and 32.1% of the anesthesiologists (p< 0.001). Intensive care physicians classified priorities better in indicating ICU, and the main risk indicator was the ASA physical status in all specialties (p< 0.001). There was no agreement among the specialties and surgeries on prioritizing post-operative intensive care. Conclusion Anesthesiologists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians presented different perspectives on postoperative referral to the ICU.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os sintomas depressivos mais frequentes e sua associação com a cognição de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP) e declínio cognitivo leve (DCL) Métodos: Foram avaliados 48 pacientes com DP e 44 Controles (GC), com idade entre 50 e 80 anos e escolaridade superior a 4 anos, todos com DCL e sem diagnóstico de depressão. Pacientes e controles foram pareados quanto à idade, escolaridade e pontuação do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica com neurologista seguida de avaliação neuropsicológica com os instrumentos MEEM, Teste do Desenho do Relógio, Teste de Fluência Verbal Semântica e Fonêmica, Teste de Memória de Figuras (FMT), Teste Stroop de Cores e Palavras, Teste das Trilhas (TMT), Span de Dígitos WAIS III, Teste de Aprendizagem Auditivo-Verbal de Rey (RAVLT), Teste de Organização Visual de Hooper e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Resultados: Os sintomas depressivos mais frequentes no grupo DP foram dificuldade para trabalhar, fatigabilidade e distúrbios do sono, sendo este comum ao grupo controle. A pontuação do BDI correlacionou-se negativamente com aprendizagem e memória de reconhecimento em ambos os grupos. Neste estudo, a memória episódica, avaliada pelos testes FMT e RAVLT, apresentou-se como a função cognitiva com maior comprometimento. Conclusão: Alguns sintomas depressivos prevalentes nos Parkinsonianos com DCL podem ser atribuídos à DP, dificultando o diagnóstico diferencial.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the most frequent depressive symptoms and their association with cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: 48 patients with PD and 44 controls (CG), aged between 50 and 80 years and with at least 4 years of formal education, all with MCI and none diagnosed with depression, were assessed. Patients and controls were matched for age, education, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Participants underwent clinical evaluation with a neurologist followed by neuropsychological assessment employing the instruments: MMSE, Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test (semantic and phonemic), Figures Memory Test (FMT), Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, Digit Span (WAIS III), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Hooper Visual Organization Test, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: The most frequent depressive symptoms in the PD group were: difficulty working, fatigue and sleep disorders (the latter also being present in CG). BDI score correlated negatively with learning and recognition memory in both groups. Episodic memory, evaluated by the FMT and RAVLT tests, was the cognitive function showing greatest impairment. Conclusion: Some of the depressive symptoms observed in PD patients with MCI seem to be attributable to complications of PD, while others are common to both PD and MCI, making differential diagnoses complex but crucial.

RESUMO Infartos talâmicos bilaterais são em geral ocasionados por oclusão da "Artéria de Percheron" (AdP). A síndrome talamopeduncular está entre as apresentações clínicas mais comuns da oclusão da AdP. Um homem de 59 anos apresentou rebaixamento abrupto do nível de consciência. Após algumas semanas, ao recobrar a consciência, apresentava anormalidades oculomotoras, marcha atáxica, distonia cervical e alterações cognitivas e comportamentais. A imagem por ressonância magnética evidenciou infartos talâmico, subtalâmico, mamilar e mesencefálico. O quadro clínico foi sugestivo de síndrome talamopeduncular. Além da presença de comprometimento cognitivo e transtornos de comportamento, estava presente distonia cervical, que pode resultar da interrupção das interconexões entre gânglios da base, tálamo, subtálamo, mesencéfalo e cerebelo.

ABSTRACT Bilateral thalamic infarctions are usually caused by occlusion of the "Artery of Percheron" (AoP). Thalamopeduncular syndrome is among the most common presentations of AoP occlusion. A 59-year-old male presented abrupt decreased level of consciousness. After several weeks, on regaining consciousness, he exhibited oculomotor abnormalities, ataxic gait, cervical dystonia, and cognitive and behavioral changes. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed thalamic, subthalamic, mammillary and midbrain infarction. Clinical features suggestive of bilateral thalamopeduncular syndrome were identified. Besides the presence of cognitive impairment and behavioral symptoms, cervical dystonia was evident, possibly resulting from interruption of the interconnections among basal ganglia, thalamus, subthalamus, midbrain and cerebellum.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a prevalência de inatividade física no lazer em adolescentes brasileiros e sua associação com variáveis geográficas e sociodemográficas. MÉTODOS A amostra foi composta por 74.589 adolescentes participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). Esse estudo transversal de base escolar com abrangência nacional envolveu adolescentes brasileiros de 12 a 17 anos de municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. A prevalência de inatividade física no lazer foi categorizada de acordo com o volume de prática semanal (< 300; zero min). As prevalências foram estimadas para o total da amostra analisada e por sexo. Modelos de regressão de Poisson foram utilizados para avaliar fatores associados. RESULTADOS A prevalência de inatividade física no lazer foi de 54,3% (IC95% 53,4-55,2), superior no sexo feminino (70,7%, IC95% 69,5-71,9) comparado ao masculino (38,0%, IC95% 36,7-39,4). Mais de um quarto dos adolescentes (26,5%, IC95% 25,8-27,3) referiram não praticar atividade física no lazer, condição mais prevalente no sexo feminino (39,8%, IC95% 38,8-40,9) que no masculino (13,4%, IC95% 12,4-14,4). Para o sexo feminino, as variáveis que se associaram à inatividade física foram: residir nas regiões Nordeste (RP = 1,13, IC95% 1,08-1,19), Sudeste (RP = 1,16, IC95% 1,11-1,22) e Sul (RP = 1,12, IC95% 1,06-1,18); ter 16-17 anos (RP = 1,12, IC95% 1,06-1,15); e pertencer à classe econômica mais baixa (RP = 1,33, IC95% 1,20-1,48). Os mesmos fatores, exceto residir no Sudeste e Sul, também associaram-se com não praticar atividade física no lazer no mesmo grupo. No sexo masculino, além da região, ser mais velho (p < 0,001) e declarar-se indígena (RP = 0,37, IC95% 0,19-0,73) associaram-se à prevalência de não praticar atividade física no lazer. CONCLUSÕES A prevalência de inatividade física no lazer em adolescentes brasileiros é elevada, apresenta variações regionais e está associada à idade e ao baixo nível socioeconômico. Especial atenção deve ser dada às meninas e aos que não praticam nenhuma atividade física no lazer, a fim de que estes possam adotar estilo de vida mais ativo.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents and their association with geographical and sociodemographic variables. METHODS The sample was composed by 74,589 adolescents participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). This cross-sectional study of school basis with national scope involved adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was categorized according to the volume of weekly practice (< 300; 0 min). The prevalences were estimated for the total sample and by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess associated factors. RESULTS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was 54.3% (95%CI 53.4-55.2), and higher for the female sex (70.7%, 95%CI 69.5-71.9) compared to the male (38.0%, 95%CI 36.7-39.4). More than a quarter of adolescents (26.5%, 95%CI 25.8-27.3) reported not practicing physical activity in the leisure time, a condition more prevalent for girls (39.8%, 95%CI 38.8-40.9) than boys (13.4%, 95%CI 12.4-14.4). For girls, the variables that were associated with physical inactivity were: reside in the Northeast (RP = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08-1.19), Southeast (RP = 1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.22) and South (RP = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.18); have 16-17 years (RP = 1.06, 95%CI 1.12-1.15); and belong to the lower economic class (RP = 1.33, 95%CI 1.20-1.48). The same factors, except reside in the Southeast and South, were also associated with not practicing physical activity in the leisure time for the same group. In males, as well as the region, being older (p < 0.001) and declaring to be indigenous (RP = 0.37, 95%CI 0.19-0.73) were also associated with not practicing physical activities in the leisure time. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents is high. It presents regional variations and is associated with age and low socioeconomic status. Special attention should be given to girls and to those who do not engage in any physical activity during the leisure time, so that they can adopt a more active lifestyle.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a prevalência de inatividade física no lazer em adolescentes brasileiros e sua associação com variáveis geográficas e sociodemográficas. MÉTODOS A amostra foi composta por 74.589 adolescentes participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). Esse estudo transversal de base escolar com abrangência nacional envolveu adolescentes brasileiros de 12 a 17 anos de municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. A prevalência de inatividade física no lazer foi categorizada de acordo com o volume de prática semanal (< 300; zero min). As prevalências foram estimadas para o total da amostra analisada e por sexo. Modelos de regressão de Poisson foram utilizados para avaliar fatores associados. RESULTADOS A prevalência de inatividade física no lazer foi de 54,3% (IC95% 53,4-55,2), superior no sexo feminino (70,7%, IC95% 69,5-71,9) comparado ao masculino (38,0%, IC95% 36,7-39,4). Mais de um quarto dos adolescentes (26,5%, IC95% 25,8-27,3) referiram não praticar atividade física no lazer, condição mais prevalente no sexo feminino (39,8%, IC95% 38,8-40,9) que no masculino (13,4%, IC95% 12,4-14,4). Para o sexo feminino, as variáveis que se associaram à inatividade física foram: residir nas regiões Nordeste (RP = 1,13, IC95% 1,08-1,19), Sudeste (RP = 1,16, IC95% 1,11-1,22) e Sul (RP = 1,12, IC95% 1,06-1,18); ter 16-17 anos (RP = 1,12, IC95% 1,06-1,15); e pertencer à classe econômica mais baixa (RP = 1,33, IC95% 1,20-1,48). Os mesmos fatores, exceto residir no Sudeste e Sul, também associaram-se com não praticar atividade física no lazer no mesmo grupo. No sexo masculino, além da região, ser mais velho (p < 0,001) e declarar-se indígena (RP = 0,37, IC95% 0,19-0,73) associaram-se à prevalência de não praticar atividade física no lazer. CONCLUSÕES A prevalência de inatividade física no lazer em adolescentes brasileiros é elevada, apresenta variações regionais e está associada à idade e ao baixo nível socioeconômico. Especial atenção deve ser dada às meninas e aos que não praticam nenhuma atividade física no lazer, a fim de que estes possam adotar estilo de vida mais ativo.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents and their association with geographical and sociodemographic variables. METHODS The sample was composed by 74,589 adolescents participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). This cross-sectional study of school basis with national scope involved adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was categorized according to the volume of weekly practice (< 300; 0 min). The prevalences were estimated for the total sample and by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess associated factors. RESULTS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was 54.3% (95%CI 53.4-55.2), and higher for the female sex (70.7%, 95%CI 69.5-71.9) compared to the male (38.0%, 95%CI 36.7-39.4). More than a quarter of adolescents (26.5%, 95%CI 25.8-27.3) reported not practicing physical activity in the leisure time, a condition more prevalent for girls (39.8%, 95%CI 38.8-40.9) than boys (13.4%, 95%CI 12.4-14.4). For girls, the variables that were associated with physical inactivity were: reside in the Northeast (RP = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08-1.19), Southeast (RP = 1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.22) and South (RP = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.18); have 16-17 years (RP = 1.06, 95%CI 1.12-1.15); and belong to the lower economic class (RP = 1.33, 95%CI 1.20-1.48). The same factors, except reside in the Southeast and South, were also associated with not practicing physical activity in the leisure time for the same group. In males, as well as the region, being older (p < 0.001) and declaring to be indigenous (RP = 0.37, 95%CI 0.19-0.73) were also associated with not practicing physical activities in the leisure time. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents is high. It presents regional variations and is associated with age and low socioeconomic status. Special attention should be given to girls and to those who do not engage in any physical activity during the leisure time, so that they can adopt a more active lifestyle.

A maioria das doenças litiásicas das vias biliares necessita de tratamento cirúrgico. No entanto, em casos especiais, que não permitem o acesso tradicional das vias biliares por via endoscópica, a abordagem multidisciplinar com técnica híbrida, que utiliza instrumentais endourológicos, apresenta-se como uma opção no tratamento. Relatamos aqui o caso de um paciente com litíase de via biliar complexa com múltiplas abordagens prévias, sem sucesso no tratamento com métodos convencionais, resolvido com abordagem híbrida com tecnologia endourológica. Realizamos uma extensa busca na literatura de artigos relacionados ao tratamento de litíase biliar complexa com técnica híbrida publicados no PubMed até outubro de 2012. A abordagem multidisciplinar com técnica híbrida, utilizando instrumental endourológico, representa uma opção segura e eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com litíase complexa de via biliar com impossibilidade de tratamento com métodos convencionais.

Most biliary stone diseases need to be treated surgically. However, in special cases that traditional biliary tract endoscopic access is not allowed, a multidisciplinary approach using hybrid technique with urologic instrumental constitute a treatment option. We report a case of a patient with complex intrahepatic stones who previously underwent unsuccessful conventional approaches, and who symptoms resolved after treatment with hybrid technique using an endourologic technology. We conducted an extensive literature review until October 2012 of manuscripts indexed in PubMed on the treatment of complex gallstones with hybrid technique. The multidisciplinary approach with hybrid technique using endourologic instrumental represents a safe and effective treatment option for patients with complex biliary stone who cannot conduct treatment with conventional methods.

O diagnóstico diferencial do parkinsonismo baseado em parâmetros clínicos pode ser difícil. Alguns exames complementares podem ser úteis, especialmente a ressonância magnética, um método não invasivo, de menor custo quando comparado a tomografia por emissão de pósitrons, proporcionando uma análise anatômica satisfatória. A ressonância por espectroscopia analisa o metabolismo cerebral, com resultados variáveis na literatura no estudo das síndromes parkinsonianas. Selecionamos 40 indivíduos para realização de ressonância magnética e espectroscopia, sendo 12 com doença de Parkinson, 11 com paralisia supranuclear progressiva, 7 com atrofia de múltiplos sistemas tipo parkinsoniana e 10 indivíduos sem manifestações neurológicas ou psiquiátricas (grupo controle). As escalas clínicas analisadas foram a de Hoenh e Yahr, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale e o mini-exame do estado mental. Os resultados encontrados revelaram que pacientes com doença de Parkinson e controle apresentavam em geral o mesmo aspecto por imagem enquanto os grupos paralisia supranuclear progressiva e atrofia de múltiplos sistemas com anormalidades, havendo significância estatística em algumas variáveis. A ressonância magnética e a espectroscopia podem ser úteis no diagnóstico diferencial do parkinsonismo.

The differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism based on clinical features, sometimes may be difficult. Diagnostic tests in these cases might be useful, especially magnetic resonance imaging, a noninvasive exam, not as expensive as positron emission tomography, and provides a good basis for anatomical analysis. The magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyzes cerebral metabolism, yielding inconsistent results in parkinsonian disorders. We selected 40 individuals for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy analysis, 12 with Parkinson's disease, 11 with progressive supranuclear palsy, 7 with multiple system atrophy (parkinsonian type), and 10 individuals without any psychiatric or neurological disorders (controls). Clinical scales included Hoenh and Yahr, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale and mini mental status examination. The results showed that patients with Parkinson's disease and controls presented the same aspects on neuroimaging, with few or absence of abnormalities, and supranuclear progressive palsy and multiple system atrophy showed abnormalities, some of which statistically significant. Thus, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy could be useful as a tool in differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the estrogen receptor (ER-PvuII) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4-MspI) gene polymorphisms and their interactions with prolificacy in a commercial synthetic pig line reared in Brazil. A total of 10,374 piglet records from 218 sows and 817 litters were used for litter size analysis. Only females with three or four farrowings were included in the analysis. The mean litter size ranged from 5.0 to 19.5 piglets. DNA was extracted from leukocytes by a standard method, and ER-PvuII and RBP4-MspI polymorphisms were characterized by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The association between alleles or genotypes and reproductive performance was analyzed using a general linear model including the interaction between the ER-PvuII and RBP4-MspI genotypes. For the ER-PvuII gene, the allele frequencies of allele A and allele B were 0.56 and 0.44, respectively. For the RBP4-MspI gene, the frequencies of alleles A1 and A2 were 0.29 and 0.71, respectively. The total number of piglets born (TNB), born alive (NBA), or number of mummies and stillborn piglets (NMUM and NSB) per litter did not differ between the various ER-PvuII and RBP4-MspI genotypes. However, when the ER-PvuII and RBP4-MspI genotypes were considered together in each sow, TNB and NBA were 1.4 (p = 0.0026) and 0.9 (p = 0.019) higher in AA/A1 and AB/A1 animals, respectively, than in AA/A2 and BB/A1 animals. Likewise, TNB and NBA were 0.9 (p = 0.0258) and 0.8 (p = 0.0168) higher in BB/A2 and AB/A2 sows, respectively, than in AA/A2 and BB/A1 animals, but no difference was observed compared to AA/A1 and AB/A1 animals. The results showed larger litter sizes (TNB and NBA) for sows carrying the ER-PvuII allele A and the RBP4-MspI genotype A1, and for animals carrying the ER-PvuII allele B and the RBP4-MspI genotype A2. In conclusion, the interaction between genotypes ER-PvuII and RBP4-MspI is more efficient in the selection of prolific sows than each one of these molecular markers alone.

As manifestações das doenças mitocondriais são variadas, acometendo, mais freqüentemente, órgãos com alto metabolismo aeróbico em que são mais abundantes, como, por exemplo, o sistema nervoso. O início dos sintomas em geral é observado na infância havendo relatos de início na idade adulta. Apresentamos caso atípico de doença mitocondrial associada à deleção do DNA mitocondrial em um homem de 39 anos com sintomas psiquiátricos configuraram quadro clínico inicial e somente 12 anos após o início dos sintomas surgiram alterações neurológicas. O diagnóstico da doença mitocondrial foi confirmado por biópsia de músculo sendo documentada deleção do DNA mitocondrial.

The manifestations of mitochondrial disease are variable, affecting more frequently the organs with high aerobic metabolism in which they are more abundant, for example the nervous system. The beginning of symptoms in general is observed at chilhood, but some patients presented on adult age. We present an atypical case associated with mitochondrial DNA deletion. A 39-years-old man with psychiatric symptoms that configured initial clinical picture and only after 12 years of the beginning of symptoms neurological alterations became noticeable. The diagnosis of mitochondrial illness was confirmed by muscle biopsy being documented mitochondrial DNA deletion.

O presente estudo avaliou o efeito da força de aperto de parafusos de retenção na desadaptação marginal de próteses sobre implantes. A investigação foi conduzida baseada em resultados fornecidos por nove estruturas metálicas implanto-suportadas de seis elementos (02 retentores e 04 pônticos), retidas por parafusos. A mensuração da desadaptação marginal foi realizada com auxílio de microscópio óptico, nos seguintes momentos: M1: aperto com chave manual até a primeira resistência do parafuso; M2: aperto utilizando torquímetro mecânico com 10Ncm e M3: aperto utilizando torquímetro mecânico com 20Ncm. As médias de desadaptação foram submetidas à análise estatística (ANOVA e Tukey). O emprego de torquímetros mecânicos, independente do valor de torque, determinou redução significativa na abertura marginal (p<0,05). A desadaptação média na interface conexão/prótese em M1 foi de 41,56µm (DP±12,45µm). O emprego do torquímetro de 10Ncm (M2), reduziu 52% desta fenda marginal, para uma média de desadaptação de 19,71µm (DP±2,97µm); enquanto o torquímetro de 20Ncm (M3) reduziu 69% da desadaptação marginal, para uma média de 12,82µm (DP±4,0µm) os de retenção de próteses implanto-suportadas tem importante efeito na mensuração da desadaptação marginal, uma vez que pode modificar consideravelmente as aberturas na interface conexão/prótese.

OBJECTIVES: The present in vitro study was designed to compare the differences in the vertical misfit of implant-supported frameworks using three different forces for tightening the bridge locking screws: fastening by hand until first resistance, and using torque drivers with 10 and 20Ncm. METHODS: The investigation was conducted based on the results given by 9 six-unit nickel-chromium (2 abutments/ 4 pontics) screw-retained implant-supported frameworks. The structures were exposed to simulated porcelain firings. The marginal misfit measurements were made using a traveling measuring microscope at selected screw tightening forces: fastening by hand until first resistance, and using torque drivers with 10 and 20Ncm. The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor, and post hoc pairwise comparisons using Tukey test (5%). RESULTS: The mean marginal misfit of the frameworks, fastening the screws by hand until first resistance, was 41.56µm (SD±12.45µm). The use of torque driver devices caused a significant reduction in marginal opening (p<0.05). With the lowest torque available (10Ncm), the mean marginal discrepancy at the abutment-framework interface was reduced an average of 52% to a mean marginal opening of 19.71µm (SD±2.97µm). After the use of the 20Ncm torque driver, the mean marginal discrepancy of the frameworks was reduced an average of 69% to a mean marginal opening of 12.82µm (SD±4.0µm). Comparing the use of torque drivers with 10 and 20 Ncm torque, the means are not significantly different from one another. CONCLUSION: The seating force has an important effect on the vertical misfit measurements, once it may considerably narrow the vertical misfit gaps at the abutment-framework interface, thus leading to a misjudgment of the real marginal situation.

A frequência de miopatia no hipotireoidismo varia de 30% a 80%. Os sintomas relacionados ao acometimento muscular são fraqueza, cãimbras e mialgias. A forma pseudo-hipertrófica é denominada síndrome de Hoffman. O estudo eletrofisiológico pode revelar padrão miopático, neuropático ou misto. A investigação laboratorial em geral mostra aumento das enzimas musculares e redução dos níveis de hormônio tireoidiano com TSH elevado. O tratamento consiste na reposição oral de hormônio e o prognóstico é bom na maioria dos casos. Relatamos o caso de um adulto que apresentou cãimbras, mialgia, fraqueza com pseudohipertrofia muscular associados a edema facial e alteração da voz. As enzimas musculares estavam elevadas e o nível de T4 foi indetectável com aumento de TSH. A miopatia foi manifestação inicial de hipotireoidismo neste caso.

The frequency of myopathy in hypothyroidism ranges from 30 to 80%. The major symptoms related are weakness, muscular cramps and myalgia. The pseudohyperthrophic form is called Hoffman's syndrome. The electrophysiological study reveals myopathy, neuropathy or mixed pattern. Laboratorial investigation generally shows increased levels of muscle enzymes and low serum thyroid hormones, with thyrotrophic-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevated. The treatment consists in hormone replacement and the prognosis is good in most of the cases. We report an adult male who developed muscular cramps, myalgia, weakness, pseudohyperthrophy, associated with facial edema and alteration of his voice. The muscle enzymes were increased and T4 was undetectable with a raised level of TSH. The myopathy was the initial manifestation of hypothyroidism in this case.