A multiphase- hydrodynamic model was solved with the phase field method and the Cahn-Hilliard equation to simulate the behavior of particle injection with nitrogen as conveying gas through a submerged lance into a lead bath in two dimensions. The residence and mixing time were obtained for different operating parameters like gas flow rate, lance depth, and different kettle and lance dimensions. The residence and mixing time decreased when the injection rate and the lance diameter increased. Therefore, the particle will have less opportunity to react with the liquid bath decreasing the refining metal processes efficiency. When the lance height and kettle dimensions were increased, the residence and mixing time also increased. In order to have an efficient disengagement of the particles from the carrier gas within molten lead, the operating parameters must take into account the residence and mixing times. The Cahn-Hilliard equation represents adequately the hydrodynamic behavior in the lance-kettle system studied.

En el presente trabajo se realizaron estudios potenciostáticos en una celda de electrorremediación experimental, de un suelo real tipo arenoso (93% arena) contaminado por la oxidación residuos mineros proveniente de la zona de Zimapán Hidalgo, se utilizó agua desionizada, CH3COOH y CH3COONH4 0.001 M, ya sea como humectante del suelo o como electrolitos, se aplicó un potencial constante de 20 V durante 24 horas. Al terminar los experimentos se recuperó el suelo, se determinó el pH, observándose que el suelo presenta una gran capacidad de amortiguamiento. La conductividad eléctrica presentó una disminución en el suelo y un incremento en los electrolitos, el cual fue atribuido a la migración iónica de los contaminantes debido a la imposición del potencial eléctrico; al final de los experimentos se logró una remoción de 12 % (98 ppm) para Pb, 20 % (7 ppm) para Cd y 22 % para As (79 ppm).

In the present studies potentiostatic were conducted in a cell experimental electro remediation, a real soil type sand (93% sand) contaminated by oxidation mining waste from the zone Zimapan Hidalgo, was used deionized water, 0.001 M CH3COOH and C3HCOONH4 either as ground or as wetting electrolyte, we applied a constant potential of 20 V for 24 hours. At the end of the experiments was recovered soil pH was determined, showing that the soil has a high buffering capacity. The electrical conductivity showed a decrease in soil and an increase in electrolytes, which was attributed to ion migration of contaminants due to the imposition of electric potential, at the end of the experiments was achieved with removal of 12% (98 ppm ) for Pb, 20% (7 ppm) for Cd and 22% (79 ppm As).