Abstract: Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular cancer in children and, along with its treatment, can negatively impact the Quality of Life (QoL). Few studies have explored this subject in these patients; none in Latin America. Objective: To evaluate the general, physical, emotional, social, and school quality of life of patients treated for Rb and to analyze which patient, disease, or treatment factors are associated with worse outcomes. Patients and Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study in 59 cases aged between 2 and 18 years treated between 2007-2021, in remission and at least one year of follow-up. The PedsQL 4.0™ scale, which measures QoL in the pediatric population in four dimensions, was applied to children and one caregiver. Non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis and median) and parametric (Chi-square) tests were used to study differences. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: QoL reported by patients was medium for the general and school dimensions (73.8 and 70, respectively), high for physical and social health (83.1 and 80), and low for the emotional dimension (65). The quality of life reported by parents was high for general and physical and social health (78, 87.5, and 80, respectively), and medium for emotional and school dimensions (70 and 75). No significant differences were found regarding sex, disease stage at diagnosis, Rb laterality, or treatment received. Age at diagnosis > 18 months was associated with worse QoL in general and in all dimensions and was significant in parents. Conclusion: Children treated for Rb had their QoL affected, particularly in emotional and school dimensions.

Resumen: El Retinoblastoma (Rb) es el cáncer intraocular pediátrico más frecuente, y en conjunto con su tratamiento, pueden impactar negativamente en la calidad de vida. Pocos estudios han evaluado la calidad de vida en estos pacientes, ninguno en América Latina. Objetivos: Evaluar la calidad de vida general, física, emocional, social y escolar, de pacientes tratados por Rb; analizar qué factores del paciente, enfermedad o tratamiento se asocian a peores resultados. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico en 59 pacientes de 2-18 años, tratados entre 2007-21, en remisión y en seguimiento al menos un año. Se aplicó a niños y tutores la escala PedsQL(TM)4.0 que mide calidad de vida pediátrica en sus 4 dimensiones. Para estudiar diferencias se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas (Kruskal-Wallis y de mediana) y paramétricas (Chi cuadrado). Aprobado por Comité de Ética Institucional. Resultados: La calidad de vida autopercibida por los pacientes fue media para la dimensión general y escolar (73,8 y 70), alta para salud física y social (83,1 y 80) y baja en la emocional (65). Respecto a la informada por padres, fue alta en la general, salud física y social (78, 87,5 y 80), y media en lo emocional y escolar (70 y 75). No hubo diferencia significativa entre género, etapa al diagnóstico, lateralidad ni tratamiento recibido. La edad al diagnóstico >18 meses se asoció a peor calidad de vida general y en todas las dimensiones, con significancia en los padres. Conclusiones: Los niños tratados por Rb vieron afectada su calidad de vida, siendo los más afectados el ámbito emocional y escolar.

Abstract Chicán is a small rural community of Mayan origin located in the Yucatan Peninsula, known as “the village of the deaf” due to the high prevalence of profound deafness. The objective of this study was to determine the inbreeding coefficient in the Chicán community using the method of marital isonymy as a strategy to explain the population structure and the high prevalence of profound congenital deafness. Data collection was conducted through surveys of 219 individuals residing in Chicán. Forty different surnames were recorded, with 30 of them being of Mayan origin. 23.3% of the sample presented isonymous surnames, with Collí (94.1%) being the most frequent. The inbreeding coefficient observed was 0.0585, while the random component (Fr = 0.0571) was 38 times greater than the non-random component (Fn = 0.0015). Eighteen individuals with profound congenital deafness were recorded, of whom 11 were isonymous for the surname Collí. The results indicate that consanguineous unions in Chicán are primarily due to the small population size and its relative isolation. The high prevalence of profound deafness in Chicán may be a consequence of consanguinity, which predisposes to the appearance of recessive hereditary disorders.

Resumen Chicán es una pequeña comunidad rural de origen maya ubicada en la península de Yucatán, conocida como “el pueblo de los sordos” por la alta prevalencia de sordera profunda. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el coeficiente de consanguinidad en la comunidad de Chicán utilizando el método de isonimia marital como estrategia para explicar la estructura poblacional y la alta prevalencia de sordera congénita profunda. El registro de los datos se realizó mediante encuestas a 219 individuos residentes de Chicán. Se registraron 40 apellidos diferentes, de ellos 30 son de origen maya. El 23,3% de la muestra presentó apellidos isonímicos, siendo Collí (94,1%) el más frecuente. La consanguinidad total observada fue de 0,0585, mientras que el componente aleatorio (Fr = 0,0571) fue 38 veces mayor que el componente no aleatorio (Fn = 0,0015). Se registraron 18 personas con sordera congénita profunda, de las cuales 11 fueron isonímicas para el apellido Collí. Los resultados indican que las uniones consanguíneas en Chicán se deben principalmente al pequeño tamaño de la población y a su relativo aislamiento. La alta prevalencia de sordera profunda en Chicán puede ser consecuencia de la consanguinidad, la cual predispone a la aparición de trastornos hereditarios recesivos.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body weight (BW) and different biometric measurements in llamas (Lama glama) from the Bolivian highlands and to generate prediction models of BW. A total of 515 individual records of BW and biometric measurements were used. The measurements were taken on 202 males and 313 females aged between 0.5 and 5 years, and included: neck length (NL), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), abdomen circumference (AC), rib depth (RD), hip width (HW), pin bone width (PBW), thoracic width (TW), and back length (BKL). The relationships between BW and biometric measurements were developed using simple linear and multiple regression. For the evaluation, the relationship between the observed and predicted values of BW was determined by linear regression, the mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) and root MSEP (RMSEP); concordance correlation coefficient analysis was also used. The BW ranged from 22 to 122 kg. Regression equations between BW, HG and RD had an r2 of 0.94 and 0.92, respectively (RMSEP= 6.06 and 6.70 kg, respectively). The equations were highly precise (r2 >0.86) and accurate (Cb>0.98), with a reproducibility index > 0.92. The model efficiency (MEF) indicated a higher efficiency of prediction (MEF > 0.86). Using a single predictor, HG and RD accounted for more than 92% of the variation in BW. Overall, HG may be used as a single predictor to predict BW in llamas maintained under the conditions of the Bolivian highlands.

ABSTRACT During the agronomic design of micro-sprinkling systems, it is difficult to guarantee the wetting of a volume of roots that allows the appropriate extraction of water and nutrients, as well as adequate anchorage. This leads to extreme precision at this stage, essentially in the estimation of crop coefficients KC, irrigation location coefficient KL and climatic variability coefficient KVC, as well as leaching requirements LR. When these are not estimated in a rigorous manner, the results can affect irrigation efficiency and the profitability of the installation. Identifying the effects of simplifications made during agronomic design on the accuracy of the capability's operating parameters is one of the ways to contribute to agricultural food production, considering the rational and efficient use of water. The research used the design procedure proposed by Keller and Rodrigo/1979, and the hypothetical-deductive method was also used to evaluate the effects of simplifications in the operating parameters of the installation. As a result, arguments were obtained that allow establishing the effects of simplifications in the rigor of the results of the agronomic design of localized irrigation systems, which allow us to conclude that the rigorous agronomic design of localized irrigation systems with micro-sprinkling leads to establishing effective installations.

RESUMEN Durante el diseño agronómico de sistemas de riego por microaspersión es difícil garantizar humedecer un volumen de raíces que permita la apropiada extracción de agua y nutrientes, así como el anclaje adecuado. Esto conlleva a extremar la precisión en esta etapa, esencialmente, en la estimación de los coeficientes de cultivo KC , de localización del riego KL y de variabilidad Climática KVC , así como de las necesidades de lavado LR. Cuando la estimación de éstos no se realiza de manera rigurosa, los resultados pueden afectar la eficacia del riego y la rentabilidad de la instalación. Identificar los efectos de las simplificaciones realizadas durante el diseño agronómico, en la precisión de los parámetros de explotación de la instalación, constituye una de las maneras de contribuir a la producción de alimentos agrícolas, considerando el uso racional y eficiente del agua. En la investigación se utilizó el procedimiento de diseño propuesto por Keller y Rodrigo/1979, se empleó además el método hipotético - deductivo, para evaluar los efectos de las simplificaciones en los parámetros de explotación de la instalación. Como resultado, se obtuvieron argumentos que permiten establecer los efectos de las simplificaciones en el rigor de los resultados del diseño agronómico de sistemas de riego localizado, los cuales permiten concluir que el diseño agronómico riguroso de sistemas de riego localizado con Microaspersores conlleva a establecer instalaciones eficaces.

El consenso chileno sobre el uso de inhibidores de SGLT-2 (iSGLT-2) en la práctica clínica, elaborado conjuntamente por las sociedades Chilenas de Cardiología, Diabetes, Medicina Familiar y Nefrología, recomienda fuertemente el uso de estos fármacos en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca y fracción de eyección reducida, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 para prevención de eventos cardiovasculares y evitar la progresión de enfermedad renal crónica. En insuficiencia cardíaca con fracción de eyección conservada o levemente reducida, y enfermedad renal crónica sin diabetes, el consenso sugiere el uso de iSGLT-2. Se destaca la importancia de combinar iSGLT-2 con IECAs o ARA-II en enfermedad renal crónica, y se recomienda su uso en reemplazo de sulfonilureas como segunda línea para control glicémico en diabetes tipo 2. El consenso enfatiza la necesidad de estrategias para optimizar el diagnóstico, mejorar la adherencia y educar sobre los beneficios más allá del control glicémico. Se discuten consideraciones de seguridad y costo-efectividad para una implementación priorizada según la evidencia. El documento resalta la importancia de la colaboración multidisciplinaria y la generación de evidencia local para aprovechar al máximo el potencial de estos fármacos en el manejo de condiciones cardiometabólicas complejas en Chile.

The Chilean consensus on the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors (iSGLT-2) in clinical practice, jointly developed by the societies of Cardiology, Diabetes, Family Medicine, and Nephrology, strongly recommends the use of these drugs in people with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, type 2 diabetes mellitus for prevention of cardiovascular events, and chronic kidney disease. In heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction, and chronic kidney disease without diabetes, the consensus suggests the use of iSGLT-2. The importance of combining iSGLT-2 with ACE inhibitors or ARBs in chronic kidney disease is highlighted, and their use is recommended to replace sulfonylureas as a second-line treatment for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. The consensus emphasizes the need for strategies to optimize diagnosis, improve adherence, and educate about benefits beyond glycemic control. Safety and cost-effectiveness considerations for prioritized implementation according to evidence are discussed. The document highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and the generation of local evidence to maximize the potential of these drugs in the management of complex cardiometabolic conditions in Chile.

RESUMO: No Brasil, a dose de fósforo no cultivo de clones de erva-mate ainda não está definida. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a produtividade de clones de erva-mate em resposta a aplicação de doses de P e determinar o nível crítico do nutriente no solo e folhas de erva-mate. O experimento foi implantado em Itaiópolis-SC, em Cambissolo Húmico, em 2013. Foram avaliadas cinco doses do nutriente em dois clones (BRS-BLD Aupaba e F2) de erva-mate. As adubações foram definidas como de plantio/pós-plantio (0, 2,3; 4,5; 6,8 e 9,0 g planta-1), formação de copa 1 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 g planta-1), formação de copa 2 (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g planta-1) e produção (0, 16,7; 33,3; 50,0; 66,7 kg ha-1). As colheitas ocorreram entre julho de 2015 e janeiro de 2020, com intervalos de 18 meses. Avaliou-se produtividade de folhas, galhos finos e galhos grossos. Na safra de 2020, foram coletadas amostras de solo e folhas para determinação do nível crítico de P. A produtividade dos componentes dos clones aumentou com a adubação fosfatada em todas as safras avaliadas. Os níveis críticos de P para os clones Aupaba e F2 foram 5,2 e 6,3 mg dm-3 no solo e 1,03 e 1,11 g kg-1 nas folhas, respectivamente. A erva-mate é exigente em P, expressando produtividade máxima na fase de plantio, formação de copa 1 e 2 e produção, quando aplicado doses de P2O5 em torno de 5, 25, 40 g planta-1 e 35 kg ha-1, respectivamente. RESUMO Brasil ervamate erva mate definida ervamate. mate. ItaiópolisSC, ItaiópolisSC Itaiópolis SC, SC Itaiópolis-SC Húmico 2013 BRSBLD BRS BLD F plantio/pósplantio plantiopósplantio plantio/pós plantio pós 0, 0 (0 2,3 23 3 4,5 4 5 68 6 8 6, 90 9 9, planta1, planta1 planta , 10 20 30 15 16,7 167 16 7 33,3 333 33 50,0 500 667 66 66, ha1. ha1 ha . ha-1) 201 2020 meses Avaliouse Avaliou se grossos 52 63 dm3 dm dm- 103 03 1,0 111 11 1,1 kg1 kg- respectivamente PO P2O 25 planta- ha1, 1, ha-1 pósplantio plantiopós ( 2, 4, 16, 33, 50, 202 ha-

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, the optimal dose of phosphorus in the cultivation of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) clones has yet to be defined. This study verified the productivity of yerba mate clones in response to the application of P doses and determined the critical level of the nutrient in soil and yerba mate leaves. The experiment was developed in Itaiópolis-SC, in humic cambisol, from 2013 to 2020. Five doses of the nutrient were evaluated in two clones (BRS-BLD Aupaba and F2) of yerba mate. Fertility was defined by planting/post-planting (0, 2.3; 4.5; 6.8, and 9.0 g plant-1), canopy formation 1 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g plant-1), canopy formation 2 (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g plant-1), and production (0, 16.7; 33.3; 50.0; 66.7 kg ha-1). Harvests took place between July 2015 and January 2020, at 18-month intervals. The productivity of leaves, fine branches, and thick branches was evaluated. In the 2020 harvest, soil and leaf samples were collected to determine the critical level of P. The productivity of clone components increased with phosphate fertilization in all evaluated harvests. The critical levels of P for clones, Aupaba and F2, were 5.2 and 6.3 mg dm-3 in soil and 1.03 and 1.11 g kg-1 in leaves, respectively. Yerba mate is demanding of P, expressing maximum productivity in the planting phase, canopy formation 1 and 2, and production when doses of 5, 25, 40 g plant-1, and 35 kg ha-1 of P2O5 are applied, respectively. ABSTRACT Brazil Ilex St Hil. Hil leaves ItaiópolisSC, ItaiópolisSC Itaiópolis SC, SC Itaiópolis-SC cambisol 201 BRSBLD BRS BLD F2 F planting/postplanting plantingpostplanting planting/post post 0, 0 (0 2.3 23 3 4.5 45 4 5 68 6 8 6.8 90 9 9. plant1, plant1 plant , plant-1) 10 20 30 15 16.7 167 16 7 33.3 333 33 50.0 500 667 66 66. ha1. ha1 ha . ha-1) 18month month 18 intervals 202 harvest harvests 52 5. 63 6. dm3 dm dm- 103 03 1.0 111 11 1.1 kg1 kg- respectively phase 25 1, plant-1 ha- PO O P2O applied postplanting plantingpost ( 2. 4. 16. 33. 50. 1. plant-

Resumen: El proceso migratorio Sur-Sur, define una genética propia del continente asociada a una profunda inequidad sistémica, así como a políticas regionales y globales de inclusión e exclusión propias del Estado neoliberal. El contexto corresponde a un esquema histórico de desarrollo de concentración de oportunidades económicas y políticas a nivel nacional, en el que se acentúan desequilibrios que modifican las relaciones entre grupos, sectores económicos y regiones. Esto ubica a los sujetos migrantes en dinámicas tensionadas en el ámbito de la cultura, la democracia, las interrelaciones, el reconocimiento y la gobernabilidad, frente a la idea de nación y las capacidades institucionales. Con un enfoque estructural y con acento en la antropología política en la que se expresan las relaciones de poder en el ámbito de la cotidianeidad, este artículo reflexiona críticamente sobre las dificultades de los proyectos migratorios y construcción de ciudadanía en el Chile actual, dentro de una problematización transversal que supera lo estrictamente migratorio. Se apoya metodológicamente en un conjunto de referencias bibliográficas que exceden lo estrictamente migratorio y entrevistas realizadas en los últimos años, recogiendo expresiones de subjetividad que confirman las dificultades del ser migrante en el marco de la democracia neoliberal.

Abstract: The South-South migration process defines the continent's own genetics associated with deep systemic inequality, as well as regional and global policies of inclusion and exclusion typical of the neoliberal State. The context corresponds to a historical development scheme of concentration of economic and political opportunities at the national level, in which imbalances are accentuated that modify the relationships between groups, economic sectors and regions. This places migrant subjects in tense dynamics in the field of culture, democracy, interrelationships, recognition and governability, in the face of the idea of the nation and institutional capacities. With a structural approach and with an emphasis on political anthropology in which power relations are expressed in the sphere of everyday life, this article critically reflects on the difficulties of migratory projects and construction of citizenship in current Chile, within a transversal problematization that goes beyond what is strictly migratory. It is methodologically supported by a set of bibliographic references that go beyond what is strictly migratory and interviews carried out in recent years, collecting expressions of subjectivity that confirm the difficulties of being a migrant within the framework of neoliberal democracy.

Abstract Nutritional insults early in life, such as during the suckling phase, are associated with phenotypic alterations and promote adverse permanent effects that impair the capacity to maintain energy balance in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of a low-protein (LP) diet during lactation on the metabolism and antioxidant systems of adult female rat offspring. Dams were fed a low-protein diet (4% protein) during the first two weeks of lactation or a normal-protein (NP) diet (20% protein) during the entire lactation period. The female offspring received a standard diet throughout the experiment. At 90 days of age, female LP offspring exhibited decreased body weight, feeding efficiency, and fat pad stores. The adult LP female offspring displayed brown adipose tissue hyperplasia without alterations in glucose homeostasis. The LP diet decreased liver triglyceride content and improved the antioxidant system compared to the NP group. The LP diet during the suckling phase promotes a lean phenotype and improves the hepatocyte antioxidant system in adult female offspring. Thus, the LP diet may play an important role in homeostasis and the prevention of metabolic damage. life adulthood longterm long term lowprotein low protein (LP 4% 4 (4 normalprotein normal (NP 20% 20 (20 period experiment 9 age weight efficiency stores group Thus damage ( 2 (2

Mechanical properties may drastically change with temperature, which is crucial to characterize materials in environments as similar as possible to their desired application. This paper discusses a new furnace designed for thermomechanical experiments assisted by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) up to 900°C, with six transparent windows that allow for the visualization and lighting of the specimen. Its versatility is demonstrated in three different experimental configurations, namely, dilatometry, three-point bend experiment, and wedge splitting test. Applied forces and full-field data are used for robust calibration of parameters for numerical simulations. temperature application DIC (DIC 900C C 900 900°C specimen configurations namely dilatometry threepoint point experiment test fullfield full field simulations 90 9

Resumen En la actualidad se hace necesario mitigar la concentración de gases con efecto invernadero, y son escasas las investigaciones realizadas en los Andes peruanos sobre captura de carbono en sistemas agroforestales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el potencial de almacenamiento de carbono de Eucalyptus viminalis instalado en un sistema silvopastoril junto con otros depósitos en Cajamarca, Perú. La biomasa forestal aérea fue determinada mediante ajustes de modelos, y la necrosada y herbácea mediante muestreos sistemáticos. El carbono almacenado en la biomasa se determinó con la fracción 0.5, y el almacenado en el suelo se estimó a partir de análisis en laboratorio. El Eucalyptus viminalis mostró potencial para capturar carbono en un sistema silvopastoril, debido a su alta capacidad de rebrote, derivada de una elevada densidad poblacional, así como a la efimeridad de sus componentes menores. La especie puede ser un importante reservorio de carbono en un sistema que logra hacer compatibles la producción y conservación.

Abstract Currently, it is necessary to mitigate the concentration of greenhouse gases, and there is little research on carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems which has been conducted in the Peruvian Andes. The objective of this research was to determine the carbon storage potential of Eucalyptus viminalis installed in a silvopastoral system together with other deposits in Cajamarca, Peru. The aerial forest biomass was determined by model adjustments, and the necrotic and herbaceous biomass by systematic sampling. The carbon stored in the biomass was determined with the 0.5 fraction, and the one stored in the soil was estimated via laboratory analysis. Eucalyptus viminalis showed potential to capture carbon in a silvopastoral system, due to its high regrowth capacity, which stems from a high population density, and the ephemerality of its minor components. The species can be an important carbon reservoir in a system that manages to make production and conservation compatible.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el fenotipo del síndrome de DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo efectuado a partir de la revisión de los expedientes de pacientes con síndrome de DRESS, identificados en la interconsulta del Departamento de Investigación en Inmunogénetica y Alergia, del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) Ismael Cosío Villegas, entre 2014 y 2020. Se realizó análisis de frecuencias. Las asociaciones entre biomarcadores y latencia se calcularon con la prueba de χ2 y log-rank, y la evaluación del cambio en los biomarcadores con la prueba de Wilcoxon. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p < 0.05. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS v.21. Resultados: Se identificaron 15 pacientes, que representaron el 0.2% de los casos atendidos en el Departamento por algún padecimiento inmuno-alérgico (15/7052); las principales manifestaciones fueron: exantema (100%), eosinofilia (93%), fiebre (80%), adenomegalia (60%), daño renal (40%), daño hepático (33%) y latencia de 21 días. El daño hepático se asoció con latencia prolongada (p = 0.02). Posterior al tratamiento disminuyeron las concentraciones totales de eosinófilos (p < 0.001) y biomarcadores hepáticos y renales (p < 0.04). El síndrome de DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos no se asoció con la cantidad de fármacos prescritos ni con el patrón de resistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusión: El síndrome de DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos es una reacción clínica atípica, similar a otros tipos de síndrome de DRESS que responden favorablemente a corticosteroides sistémicos.

Abstract Objective: To describe the phenotype of DRESS syndrome induced by antituberculosis drugs. Methods: Descriptive study, withdrawn from the review of the records of patients with DRESS syndrome, identified in the interconsultation of the Department of Research in Immunogenetics and Allergy, of the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) Ismael Cosío Villegas, among 2014 and 2020. Frequency analysis was performed. The associations between biomarkers and latency are calculated with the χ2 test and log-rank, and the evaluation of the change in the biomarkers with the Wilcoxon test. The value of p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. For data analysis, the SPSS v.21 program was obtained. Results: 15 patients were identified; represented by 0.02% of total cases treated in the Department for someimmuno-allergic condition (15/7052); the main symptomatology were: rash (100%), eosinophilia (93%), fever (80%), adenomegaly (60%), kidney damage (40%), liver damage (33%), and latency of 21 days. Liver damage was associated with prolonged latency (p = 0.02). After treatment, the total levels of eosinophils (p < 0.001) and liver and kidney biomarkers (p < 0.04) decreased. DRESS syndrome induced by antituberculosis drugs is not associated with the number of drugs prescribed or with the pattern of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusion: DRESS syndrome induced by antituberculosis drugs is an atypical clinical reaction, similar to other types of DRESS syndrome that respond favorably to systemic corticosteroids.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to relate the effects of confinement (COVID-19) on physical and mental health in physical education undergraduate students in Chile. The methodology is quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The sample consisted of 254 students belonging to seven Chilean universities. Sixty-three percent of the sample were men (n = 160), whereas 37% were women (n = 94). The information was collected through the self-report questionnaire on the Psychological Impact of Coronavirus. The results show that the variable Physical Activity in confinement was negatively and significantly related to the variable of BMI and use of communication media. When relating to behaviors associated with confinement and the Scale of Positive Experiences in the Face of Adversity (EEPA, by its initials in Spanish), it was positive and significant. Concerning the Distress Scale, it was significantly negatively correlated, in the same way with the Coronavirus Interference Scale and the Coronavirus Psychological Impact Questionnaire. It is concluded that there are negative effects on the physical and psychological health of Physical Education students as a result of confinement and some positive ones, such as self-care and protection systems.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar os efeitos do confinamento (COVID-19) na saúde física e psicológica em estudantes universitários de educação física no Chile. A metodologia é quantitativa, transversal, descritiva; A amostra foi composta por 254 estudantes pertencentes a 7 universidades chilenas. 63% da amostra eram homens (n = 160) e 37% mulheres (n = 94) As informações foram coletadas por meio do questionário de autorrelato sobre o Impacto Psicológico do Coronavírus. Os resultados mostram que a variável Atividade Física em confinamento esteve negativa e significativamente relacionada com a variável IMC e Uso de Meios de Comunicação. Quanto aos Comportamentos Associados ao Confinamento e à Escala de Experiências Positivas Face à Adversidade, foi positivo e significativo; em relação à Escala de Aflição, apresentou correlação negativa significativa, da mesma forma com a Escala de Interferência do Coronavírus e o Questionário de Impacto Psicológico do Coronavírus. Conclui-se que existem efeitos negativos na saúde física e psicológica dos alunos de Educação Física decorrentes do confinamento e alguns positivos como o autocuidado e os sistemas de proteção.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar los efectos del confinamiento (COVID-19), en la salud física y psicológica, en universitarios de Educación física de Chile. La metodología es cuantitativa, transversal y descriptiva; la muestra estuvo constituida por 254 estudiantes pertenecientes a siete universidades chilenas. El 63% de la muestra fueron hombres (n = 160) y 37% mujeres (n = 94). La recogida de la información fue por medio del cuestionario auto informe del Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus. Los resultados muestran que la variable Actividad Física en confinamiento se relacionó de forma negativa y significativa con la variable de IMC y Uso de Medios de Comunicación. Al relacionarse con Conductas Asociadas al Confinamiento y Escala de Experiencias Positivas ante la Adversidad, fue positiva y significativa; en relación a la Escala de Distres, se correlacionó negativa significativamente, de igual manera con la Escala de interferencia por el Coronavirus y Cuestionario de Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus. Se concluye que existen efectos negativos para la salud física y psicológica de los estudiantes de Educación física producto del confinamiento y algunos positivos como el autocuidado y sistemas de protección.

Background: One of the mainstays in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Neoadjuvant therapy have demonstrated to decrease local recurrence, also generating tumor downstaging, even leading to a pathological complete response (PCR), the latter related to better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (SLE). Aim: To report the anatomo-pathological results of treatment with chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer, analyzing the relationship with OS and SLE. Material and Method: Prospective cohort study. A database of colorectal surgeries from the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile between the years 2004-2019, including patients with locally advanced low and middle rectal cancer, who received neoadjuvant and later surgery. Survival analysis was made with the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test for comparison. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 411 patients underwent surgery for rectal cancer, 143 patients received neoadjuvant therapy, 19% registered PCR. The OS of the group with PCR was 94% (95% CI; 59.79-79.41%) while that of the group without PCR was 71% (95% CI; 66.64-99.20%) (p = 0.018), the SLE in those patients with PCR reached 100%, while in those without PCR it was 74% (95% CI; 64.08-81.28) (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Patients with PCR have better long-term results than those without PCR. PCR could indicate a favorable biological tumor profile, with less tendency to recurrence and improved survival.

Resumen Antecedentes: La radioquimioterapia neoadyuvante es uno de los pilares del tratamiento del cáncer de recto localmente avanzado. La neoadyuvancia ha demostrado disminuir la recidiva local, generando también un downstaging tumoral, llegando incluso a una respuesta patológica completa (RPC), esta última relacionada con una mejor sobrevida global (SG) y sobrevida libre de enfermedad (SLE). Objetivo: Reportar los resultados anátomo-patológicos del tratamiento con radioquimioterapia en cáncer de recto, analizando su relación con la SG y la SLE. Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo. Se analiza base de datos de cirugías coloproctológicas del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, entre los años 20042019, incluyendo pacientes con cáncer de recto medio y bajo localmente avanzados, los cuales recibieron neoadyuvancia y posteriormente cirugía. Se realizó el análisis de sobrevida con el método de Kaplan-Meier y el test Log-rank para su comparación. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: 411 pacientes fueron operados por cáncer de recto, 143 pacientes recibieron neoadyuvancia, el 19% registró RPC. La SG del grupo con RPC fue 94% (IC 95%; 59,79-79,41%) mientras que la del grupo sin RPC fue 71% (IC 95%; 66,64-99,20%) (p = 0,018), la SLE en aquellos pacientes con RPC alcanzó un 100%, mientras que en aquellos sin RPC fue 74% (IC 95%; 64,08-81,28) (p = 0,008). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con RPC mostraron mejores resultados a largo plazo que aquellos sin RPC. La RPC podría indicar un perfil tumoral biológico favorable, con menos tendencia a la recurrencia y mejor supervivencia.