ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze, from the nursing records, the variables associated with the appearance of Acute Confusional Syndrome (here after SCA) in geriatric patients of a general hospital in the city of Zaragoza. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted at the Royo Villanova hospital in Zaragoza between 2011-2014. Study population: N = 881 diagnosed with ACS (2.2% of total income). A total sample of n = 79 was obtained, patients ≥ 60 years, with a diagnosis of ACS by Link Psychiatry. Results: The average age of the patients was 82.8 years. The detection of ACS was performed in patients after 1.1 to 3.5 days on average from admission. Barthel Index scores were 40.9 to 60.8. The exitus during the episode of ACS were 10.3% / 15%. The SCA chart was mostly hyperactive and debuted at night and in the afternoon. The most frequent symptoms of ACS recorded by nursing were motor disorders (agitation, restlessness) and disorientation. Conclusions: Nursing usually register ACS before the request for collaboration to the psychiatry service, which occurs rarely. Besides these records are accurate and match with the medical terms. New research studies are required to minimize underdiagnosis and not only to detect hyperactivity ACS because all types lead to increased morbidity and mortality of our patients.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Analizar, a partir de los registros de enfermería, las variables asociadas con la aparición del síndrome confusional agudo (SCA) en pacientes geriátricos de un hospital general. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal y retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Royo Villanova, de Zaragoza, entre 2011-2014. Población de estudio: N = 881 diagnosticados de SCA (2,2% del total de ingresos); se obtuvo una muestra total de n = 79 pacientes de 60 años o más, con diagnóstico de SCA por psiquiatría de enlace. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 82,8 años. La detección de SCA se realizó en los pacientes tras 1,1 a 3,5 días de media desde el ingreso. Las puntuaciones del Índice de Barthel fueron de 40,9 a 60,8. Los fallecimientos durante el episodio de SCA fueron entre el 10,3% y el 15%. El cuadro de SCA fue mayoritariamente de tipo hiperactivo y se inició por la noche y por la tarde. Los síntomas más frecuentes de SCA registrados por enfermería fueron alteraciones motoras (agitación, inquietud) y desorientación. Conclusión: Enfermería registra el SCA antes de la petición de colaboración al servicio de psiquiatría, la cual se da en escaso número. Estos registros son precisos y certeros y coinciden con los términos médicos. Serían necesarios nuevos estudios de investigación que permitan minimizar el infradiagnóstico y no solo detectar SCA del tipo hiperactivo, ya que todos conducen a aumentar la morbimortalidad de nuestros pacientes.

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection causes abortion, respiratory disease, perinatal deaths and neurological disorders in horses. The natural infection and available vaccines provide only partial and short-lived protection against reinfections. In the present study, we analyzed the ability of purified baculovirus-expressed glycoprotein D (gD) administered by different routes to induce protective immunity in BALB/c mice after challenge with the EHV-1 AR8 strain. Clinical signs varied among the different groups of mice immunized by parenteral routes, and, although gD induced a specific serum IgG response, it did not prevent the virus from reaching the lungs. Intranasally immunized mice showed no clinical signs, and virus isolation from lungs, histological lesions and antigen detection by immunohistochemistry were negative. In addition, by this route, gD did not stimulate the production of serum IgG and IgA. However, a specific IgA response in the respiratory tract was confirmed in intranasally immunized mice. Thus, we conclude that the mucosal immune response could reduce the initial viral attachment and prevent the virus from reaching the lungs. Our findings provide additional data to further study new immunization strategies in the natural host.

La infección con alfaherpesvirus equino 1 (EHV-1) causa abortos, enfermedad respiratoria, muertes perinatales y desórdenes neurológicos en equinos. La infección natural y las vacunas disponibles solo proporcionan protección parcial y de corta duración contra las reinfecciones. En el presente estudio se analizó la inducción de inmunidad protectiva de la glicoproteina D (gD) expresada en baculovirus y purificada al ser administrada por diferentes rutas en ratones BALB/c desafiados con la cepa AR8 de EHV-1. Los signos clínicos fueron variables entre los grupos de ratones inmunizados por rutas parenterales y, aunque la gD indujo respuesta especifica de IgG en suero, no logró prevenir la llegada del virus al pulmón. En los ratones inmunizados intranasalmente no se observaron signos clinicos ni lesiones histopatológi-cas, y el aislamiento viral y la detección de antigenos por inmunohistoquímica en pulmón fueron negativos. Además, por esta ruta la gD no estimuló la producción de IgG y de IgA en suero. Sin embargo se confirmó la respuesta de IgA especifica en el tracto respiratorio de ratones inmunizados intranasalmente. Esta respuesta inmune mucosal podría haber reducido la unión inicial del virus a la célula huésped y, de este modo, prevenir la llegada del virus al pulmón. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan un aporte para continuar estudiando nuevas estrategias de inmunización en el huésped natural.

El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el efecto que produce la altura del invernadero en las condiciones climáticas generadas sobre un cultivo de menta (Mentha spicata). Los ensayos se realizaron en el municipio del Carmen de Viboral, a 40 minutos de la ciudad de Medellín (6°05'09" N y 75°20'19" W, 2150 m.s.n.m.). Se utilizaron 3 invernaderos de iguales dimensiones, variando solamente su altura de canal de 2 m, 2,5 m y 3 m respectivamente. Se realizaron mediciones de temperatura y humedad relativa cada 30 minutos por 3 años, durante los cuales se evaluó la producción del cultivo. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos para determinar las variaciones climáticas causadas por la diferencia de altura entre los invernaderos, así como para determinar diferencias en los niveles de producción. Los resultados indican que para las condiciones del estudio la altura del invernadero incide directamente en las condiciones climáticas y en los rendimientos del cultivo de menta.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the height of the greenhouse on climatic conditions generated on a mint crop (Mentha spicata). The tests were conducted in the town of Carmen de Viboral, 40 minutes away from the city of Medellin (6° 05' 09" N and 75° 20' 19" W, 2150 m.a.s.l.). Three greenhouses with the same dimensions were used, changing only the gutter height in 2 m, 2,5 m and 3 m respectively. Temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken every 30 minutes for 3 years, time during which crop production was assessed. Statistical analyses were performed to determine climatic variations caused by the difference in height between the greenhouses, and to determine differences in production levels. The results indicate that, under the study conditions, the greenhouse height directly affects the weather conditions and the mint crop yields.

Premixed lean combustion is widely used in Combustion Processes due to the benefits of good flame stability and blowoff limits coupled with low NOx emissions. However, the use of novel fuels and complex flows have increased the concern about flashback, especially for the use of syngas and highly hydrogen enriched blends. Thus, this paper describes a combined practical and numerical approach to study the phenomenon in order to reduce the effect of flashback in a pilot scale 100 kW tangential swirl burner. Natural gas is used to establish the baseline results and effects of different parameters changes. The flashback phenomenon is studied with the use of high speed photography. The use of a central fuel injector demonstrates substantial benefits in terms of flashback resistance, eliminating coherent structures that may appear in the flow channels. The critical boundary velocity gradient is used for characterization, both via the original Lewis and von Elbe formula and via analysis using CFD and investigation of boundary layer conditions in the flame front.

La combustión ligera premezclada se utiliza ampliamente en los procesos de combustión debido a los beneficios que brinda en términos de buena estabilidad de flama y límites de extinción, aunado a la baja emisión de NOx. Sin embargo, el uso de nuevos combustibles y de flujos complejos han incrementado la preocupación por el reflujo de flama, especialmente para el uso de gas sintético (syngas) y mezclas altamente hidrogenadas. Por ello, en este artículo se describe un método práctico y numérico para el estudio del fenómeno a modo de reducir los efectos del reflujo de flama en un combustor piloto de tipo tangencial de flujo giratorio de 100 kW. Se usa gas natural para establecer la línea base de resultados y los efectos del cambio de diferentes parámetros. El fenómeno de reflujo de flama se estudia por medio de fotografía de rápida adquisición. El uso de un inyector central de combustible demuestra beneficios sustanciales en términos de resistencia al reflujo, eliminando estructuras coherentes que puedan aparecer en los canales de flujo. El gradiente de velocidad crítico de capa límite se utiliza para la caracterización, tanto con la fórmula original de Lewis y von Elbe como a través del análisis utilizando CFD e investigación de las condiciones de capa límite al frente de la flama.

Botanical compounds with insecticidal and acaricidal activities have been used in pest management with different levels of success. Toxicity of ethanolic extracts obtained from wild oregano (Lippia origanoides) and gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) to Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) were evaluated. Mite population was collected from black bean plants growing in Urachiche Municipality, Yaracuy State, Venezuela. Ethanolic extracts of wild oregano and gliricidia leaves were evaluated at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20%) using the leaf disk immersion technique. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and tannins, essential oils and saponins was verified in the plant material used in our study. Tetranychus cinnabarinus oviposition decreased at a rate of 43.7% or 57% when 5% oregano or gliricidia extracts were used, respectively. Also, 10% oregano or gliricidia extracts caused 42.2% or 72.5% of mortality to T. cinnabarinus, respectively. Ethanolic extracts showed acaricidal effects on T. cinnabarinus, as evidenced by maximum mortality (96.6% and 100% caused by wild oregano and gliricidia, respectively) when used at a concentration of 20%. Our results showed that gliricidia and wild oregano are promising for the management of T. cinnabarinus, although their field efficacy remains to be evaluated.

O uso do cidofovir para papilomatose respiratória recorrente juvenil (PRRJ) ainda não tem estudos caso-controle suficientes que comprovem sua eficácia em literatura. OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores que influenciem o prognóstico da PRRJ, e observar a atuação do cidofovir na erradicação da PRRJ. DESENHO DO ESTUDO: Retrospectivo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: 22 crianças com PRRJ foram avaliadas num centro terciário. Todas as crianças foram submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico, seguido (Grupo 2) ou não (Grupo 1) pelo uso do cidofovir. A idade ao diagnóstico foi correlacionada ao escore de Derkay e à evolução da doença. Os Grupos 1 e 2 tiveram suas evoluções comparadas entre si. RESULTADOS: Quinze crianças foram consideradas curadas, 8 no Grupo 2 e 7 no Grupo 1. Houve uma correlação negativa entre idade e Escores Total e Clínico (P<0,05). O número médio de cirurgias necessárias para controlar a doença foi semelhante entre os Grupos, mas a duração do tratamento até remissão foi significativamente maior no Grupo 1 quando comparado ao Grupo 2 (P<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A PRRJ é mais agressiva quanto mais nova a idade do paciente ao diagnóstico. Pacientes tratados com cidofovir apresentaram duração significativamente menor de tratamento até erradicação da PRRJ do que os submetidos apenas ao tratamento cirúrgico.

The efficacy of cidofovir in juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP) remains uncertain due to the lack of published case-control studies. AIM: To establish factors affecting the progression of JRRP prognosis, and to evaluate cidofovir for eradicating JRRP. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. METHODS: 22 children with JRRP were evaluated at a referral center. All children underwent surgical debulking, followed by cidofovir injection (Group 2) or not (Group 1). Age at diagnosis was correlated with the Derkay score and disease outcome. Disease progression was compared between groups 1 and 2. RESULTS: fifteen children were considered disease-free; 8 were in Group 2 and 7 in Group 1. Age and total and clinical scores (P<0.05) were negatively correlated. The mean number of surgeries required to control the disease was identical in both groups; the duration of treatment until remission was significantly higher in Group 1 (P<0,05). CONCLUSION: JRRP is more aggressive in earlier onset disease. The duration of treatment was significantly lower in patients treated with cidofovir until eradication of JRRP compared to patients treated with surgery only.

Con el propósito de evaluar el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento de los clones de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) 392634-5, 392636-9, 392639-1, 392639-17, 392639-41, 393160-3, 393180-10 393194-1, 393258-16, 393258-44, 393258-49 y la variedad Andinita, en las localidades, Marajabú y Páramo de Cabimbú, estado Trujillo, Venezuela, se condujo ensayos bajo un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones, bajo arreglo factorial 12x2. Se evaluó porte, vigor, altura de planta, número de tallos por planta, rendimiento y las fases del cultivo. Las variables cuantitativas se analizaron con el procesador de datos SAS®.Los clones bajo estudio presentaron un hábito de crecimiento erecto, buen vigor (6-8), adecuada altura, en Marajabú las familias 392639 y 393258 presentaron un rendimiento estadísticamente similar a Andinita y fueron más precoces que la variedad testigo. En el Páramo de Cabimbú los clones 392639-41 y 393258-44 mostraron un rendimiento significativamente superior a la variedad testigo y cumplieron sus etapas de crecimiento y desarrollo en menor tiempo que Andinita. Las características mostradas por estos clones los perfilan como promisorios y serán incluidos en etapas subsiguientes de evaluación y selección.

In order to evaluate the growth, development and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clones 392639-1, 363258-44, 393160-3, 393258-16, 393180-10, 392634-5, 392639-41, 392639-17, 392636-9, 393194-1, the 393258-49 and "Andinita" variety, in "Marajabú" and "Páramo de Cabimbú", Trujillo State, Venezuela, an essay was carried out under a randomized blocks design with four replications, in a factorial arrangement 12x2. The growth habit, vigor, plant height, stems number by plant, yield and culture phases were evaluated. The quantitative variables were analyzed with the data processor SAS®. The studied clones showed a habit of turgid growth, good vigor (6-8), suitable height, in "Marajabú" the families 392639 and 393258 showed a statistically similar yield to "Andinita" and showed to be more precocious than the control variety. In "Páramo Cabimbú" the clones 392639-1 and 362634-1 showed a significantly superior yield to the control and fulfilled their growth and development stages in smaller time than "Andinita". The characteristics shown by these clones outline them to be including in subsequent stages of evaluation and selection.

Se estudió el efecto del escaldado con vapor y la adición de preservativos sobre las propiedades químicas, reológicas y organolépticas de la pulpa de mango, Mangifera indica L., tipo ‘Bocado’ almacenada a 0 ± 0,5 °C. Se utilizaron frutos de mango Bocado en estado de madurez de consumo, libres de daños mecánicos y fitosanitarios. Se aplicó escaldado a vapor durante 6 min a la mitad de los frutos (N= 100), mientras la otra mitad fue usada sin escaldar; posterior-mente se extrajo la pulpa, dividiéndose en dos partes. A una parte de la pulpa se le adicionó ácido cítrico al 0,3% y benzoato de sodio al 0,1%. La pulpa se empacó en bolsas de polietileno (150 g/bolsa), sellándose al vacío y almacenándose. Se realizaron evaluaciones a los 0, 30, 60, 90 y 120 d de los parámetros acidez, sólidos solubles totales (SST), azúcares totales y reductores, ácido ascórbico, carotenoides totales, medidas reológicas (n y K) y evaluación sensorial. Se observó efecto significativo de los factores evaluados sobre los parámetros químicos, con diferencias (P≤0,05) evidente en la pulpa escaldada respecto a la no escaldada, así como la adición o no de preservativos. Los valores de n revelaron comportamiento que caracteriza a los fluidos seudoplásticos. La evaluación sensorial (apariencia y sabor) favoreció la pulpa de mango escaldada con adición de preservativos. En conclusión, el escaldado de los mangos durante 6 min y la adición de preservativos permite conservar pulpas con características químicas y calidad sensorial aceptable.

The effect of steam blanching with preservative addition on the chemical, rheological and organoleptic properties of mango pulp type ‘Bocado’, stored at 0 ± 0,5 °C was studied. Fully mature undamaged mango fruits were used. Half of the fruits (N= 100) was treated with steam blanching during 6 min, the other half was left unblanched, later the pulp was extracted. Citric acid 0,3% and sodium benzoate 0,1% were added to half of the pulp. Then the pulp was packed in polyethylene bags (150 g per bags), vacuum sealed and stored. Evaluations of the following parameters: acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), total and reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, rheological measurements and sensorial evaluation were made at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage. A significant effect was observed of the combined treatments on chemical parameters with evident differences in the blanched pulp with respect to unblanched pulp, as well as the addition or not of preservatives. The values of n revealed the behavior of the pseudoplastic fluids. Sensorial evaluation favored blanched mango pulp with preservative addition. In conclusion blanching mangoes during 6 min and the addition of preservatives allows the preservation of pulps with acceptable chemical characteristics and sensory quality.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment outcomes in Wilms' tumor (WT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 53 children with median age of 2 years with WT, stages I-19, II-14, III-12, IV-6 and V-2. Treatment consisted of surgical excision plus adjuvant (40 children) or neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy (unresectable tumor, n = 8, or caval tumor extension, n = 5). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed protocols of Brazilian Wilms' Tumor Study Group excepting 16 cases with stage I disease that received a short duration postoperative treatment with vincristine (VCR - 11 doses) and dactinomycin (AMD - 4 doses). Relapsed WT was treated with multiagent regimens including cisplatin/carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and etoposide. One patient with resistant relapsed WT was treated by high-dose conditioning chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. RESULTS: Overall and disease-free survival rates at 5 years were respectively 88.2 ± 5.0% and 76.7 ± 6.6%. Short duration therapy for stage I tumor showed a disease-free survival rate of 100% in a median time of 101 months (range 14 to 248 months). Overall and disease-free survival of 10 patients with recurrent WT at 5 years was 42.8%. The child treated with high-dose chemotherapy plus stem cell transplant is alive without evidence of disease 84 months from relapse. CONCLUSION: The postoperative chemotherapy in stage I disease can be reduced without compromising the cure rate. The treatment of unfavorable stage III and IV disease or relapsed tumor remains a challenge.