ABSTRACT Higher education institutions, as the cultural center par excellence and transforming the environment, have a priority function in the development of contemporary societies, as well as a very unique position in addressing social inequalities, based on the identification and recognition of manifestations of vulnerability and social exclusion. This article tries to reflect on equity from the approach to different theoretical positions and its feasibility in the educational setting. In the research, a documentary review is carried out, which starts from the various theoretical conceptualizations about equity; as well as its expression in the tertiary educational system, establishing common elements that expose the need to guarantee the inclusion of vulnerable or disadvantaged groups due to race, gender, social class, socioeconomic status, religion or any other situation that puts them at a disadvantage social, as well as their real opportunities and the use they can make of them in order to achieve an inclusive, equitable and quality education.

RESUMEN Las instituciones de educación superior, en su condición de centro cultural por excelencia y como transformadoras del entorno, tienen una función prioritaria en el desarrollo de las sociedades contemporáneas, así como una posición singularísima en la atención a las desigualdades sociales, a partir de la identificación y el reconocimiento de las manifestaciones de vulnerabilidad y exclusión social. El presente artículo reflexiona en torno a la equidad desde el acercamiento a diferentes posicionamientos teóricos y su factibilidad en el escenario educativo. En la investigación se lleva a cabo una revisión documental, que parte de las diversas conceptualizaciones teóricas sobre la equidad y de su expresión en el sistema educativo terciario, lo que establece elementos comunes que exponen la necesidad de garantizar la inclusión de los grupos vulnerables o desfavorecidos por concepto de raza, género, clase social, estrato socioeconómico, religión o cualquier otra situación que los ponga en desventaja social, así como sus oportunidades reales y el aprovechamiento que pueden hacer de ellas en función de alcanzar una educación inclusiva, equitativa y de calidad.

ABSTRACT Protein–energy malnutrition affects one in nine people worldwide and is most prevalent among children aged less than five years in low-income countries. Early childhood malnutrition can have damaging neurodevelopmental effects, with significant increases in cognitive, neurological and mental health problems over the lifespan, outcomes which can also extend to the next generation. This article describes a research collaboration involving scientists from five centers in Barbados, China, Cuba and the USA. It builds on longer-term joint work between the Barbados Nutrition Study (which, over a 45-year span, has extensively documented nutritional, health, behavioral, social and economic outcomes of individuals who experienced protein–energy malnutrition in the first year of life and healthy controls from the same classrooms and neighborhoods) and the Cuban Neuroscience Center (which has developed low-cost brain imaging methods that can be readily used in low income settings to identify biomarkers for early detection and treatment of adverse consequences of childhood malnutrition). This collaboration, which involved Barbadian, Cuban and US scientists began in the 1970s, when quantitative EEG techniques were applied to EEG data collected in 1977–78, at which time study participants were aged 5–11 years. These EEG records were never fully analyzed but were stored in New York and made available to this project in 2016. These data have now been processed and analyzed, comparing EEG findings in previously malnourished and control children, and have led to the identification of early biomarkers of long-term effects of early childhood protein–energy malnutrition. The next stage of the project will involve extending earlier work by collecting EEG recordings in the same individuals at ages 45–51 years, 40 years later, and comparing findings to earlier data and to these individuals’ behavioral and cognitive outcomes. Quantitative EEG biomarkers of the effects of protein–energy malnutrition may help identify children at greatest risk for early malnutrition’s adverse neurodevelopmental effects and inform development of targeted interventions to mitigate the long-term adverse effects of protein–energy malnutrition in developing countries.

Objectives: Identify the relationship between electroencephalographic alterations and initial cerebrovascular lesions among neurologically asymptomatic hypertensive patients using the GTE scale. Methods: Magnetic resonance (0.35 Tesla, T1, T2, FLAIR) and 19-channel electroencephalogram images were obtained from 49 asymptomatic hypertensives, who were divided into three groups: A, without cerebrovascular lesion; B, with non-classical cerebrovascular lesion; and C, with classical ischemic cerebrovascular lesion. Results: Group C showed higher mean values on the GTE scale (4.42) than Groups B (3.36) and A (2.63), with a significant difference in the median for each group (p=0.03). Conclusion: The electroencephalographic alterations found in the patients studied are associated with cerebrovascular changes induced by arterial hypertension. The GTE scale is a simple method which could be used for the screening of subclinical cerebrovascular lesions among hypertensive patients.

Objetivos: en este trabajo nos propusimos identificar la relación entre las alteraciones electroencefalográficas y las lesiones vasculares cerebrales iniciales en pacientes hipertensos neurológicamente asintomáticos, con el uso de la escala GTE. Métodos: se obtuvieron imágenes de resonancia magnética (0.35 Tesla, T1,T2, FLAIR) y electroencefalograma de 19 canales en 49 hipertensos asintomáticos, los cuales fueron divididos en 3 grupos: A, sin lesiones cerebrovasculares; B, con lesión vascular cerebral no clásica y C, con lesión cerebrovascular isquémica clásica. Resultados: el grupo C mostró valores promedios superiores de la escala GTE (4,42) que el grupo B (3,36) y A (2,63) con una diferencia significativa de la mediana alcanzada por cada grupo (p=0,03). Conclusión: las alteraciones electroencefalográficas en los pacientes de nuestro estudio están asociadas con los cambios cerebrovasculares inducidos por la hipertensión arterial. La escala GTE es un método simple que podría ser empleado en el pesquisaje de lesión cerebrovascular subclínica en pacientes hipertensos.

The platelets have a paper in the unquestionable homeostasis and the same ones are a natural source of factors of growth those that have demonstrated to play a significant paper in the regeneration and repair of the fabric connective. The osteoartrosis of the knee is an affection of the cartilage hyaline characterized by the progressive loss of the cartilage to articulate. He/she was carried out a study with 285 mature patients with OAR, assisted in the consultation of regenerative medicine that you/they didn't respond to the conventional treatments, from May 2009 until May 2013. They were carried out the one it implants of concentrated of platelets autólogas or alogénicas in the case of the patients that you/they presented some pathology or limitation to carry out the donation of blood. In all the cases it prevailed the pain and the difficulty to the march to the beginning of the treatment. To the six months clinical improvement was observed in 267 patients (93,6 %), and alone in 18 sick persons (6,3 %) there was not the wanted answer, coinciding these with those that presented marked alignment dysfunctions, in which the pain didn't disappear, but yes modification of the intensity of the same one existed.

Las plaquetas, tienen un papel en la hemostasia indiscutible y las mismas son una fuente natural de factores de crecimiento los que han demostrado jugar un papel significativo en la regeneración y reparación del tejido conectivo. La osteoartrosis de la rodilla o gonartrosis,es una afección del cartílago hialino caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva del cartílago articular. Se realizó un estudio con 285 pacientes adultos con osteoartrosis de rodilla, atendidos en la consulta de medicina regenerativa que no respondían a los tratamientos convencionales, desde mayo 2009 hasta mayo 2013.Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividaddel implante con lisado plaquetario, en el tratamiento la osteoartrosis de rodilla, Se realizó el implante de concentrado de plaquetas autólogas ó alogénicas en el caso de los pacientes que presentaran alguna limitación para realizar la donación de sangre. En todos los casos prevalecía el dolor y la dificultad a la marcha al inicio del tratamiento. A los seis meses se observó mejoría clínica en 267 pacientes (93,6 %), y solo en 18 enfermos (6,3 %) no hubo la respuesta deseada, coincidiendo estos con los que presentaron trastornos de alineación marcados, en los cuales el dolor no desapareció, pero sí existió modificación de la intensidad del mismo.

A validation was made with a preliminary study of the anatomical variability of the brain, comparing the localizations of the cortical structures (central sulcus and middle temporal area) with the subcortical structures (pineal gland) in the magnetic nuclear imaging of 4 sound individuals and the brain images of a dead subject processed by the cryosection technique. It was confirmed that the variability of the cortical structures is higher than the subcortical and that in the left hemisphere, the variability of the localization of the middle temporal area is significantly greater; however, it is not so in the right hemisphere. It was concluded that the created programs are useful tools for the development of computational and statistical neuroanatomy.

Se hizo una validación con un estudio preliminar de la variabilidad anatómica del cerebro, comparando las localizaciones de las estructuras corticales surco central y área medio temporal y la estructura subcortical glándula pineal en las imágenes de resonancia magnética nuclear de 4 sujetos sanos y las imágenes del cerebro de un fallecido, procesadas por la técnica de criosección. Se corroboró que la variabilidad de las estructuras corticales es mayor que las subcorticales y en el hemisferio izquierdo la variabilidad de la localización del área medio temporal es mayor significativamente, mientras que en el hemisferio derecho no. Se concluyó que los programas creados constituyen útiles herramientas para el desarrollo de la neuroanatomía computacional y estadística.