Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body weight (BW) and different biometric measurements in llamas (Lama glama) from the Bolivian highlands and to generate prediction models of BW. A total of 515 individual records of BW and biometric measurements were used. The measurements were taken on 202 males and 313 females aged between 0.5 and 5 years, and included: neck length (NL), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), abdomen circumference (AC), rib depth (RD), hip width (HW), pin bone width (PBW), thoracic width (TW), and back length (BKL). The relationships between BW and biometric measurements were developed using simple linear and multiple regression. For the evaluation, the relationship between the observed and predicted values of BW was determined by linear regression, the mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) and root MSEP (RMSEP); concordance correlation coefficient analysis was also used. The BW ranged from 22 to 122 kg. Regression equations between BW, HG and RD had an r2 of 0.94 and 0.92, respectively (RMSEP= 6.06 and 6.70 kg, respectively). The equations were highly precise (r2 >0.86) and accurate (Cb>0.98), with a reproducibility index > 0.92. The model efficiency (MEF) indicated a higher efficiency of prediction (MEF > 0.86). Using a single predictor, HG and RD accounted for more than 92% of the variation in BW. Overall, HG may be used as a single predictor to predict BW in llamas maintained under the conditions of the Bolivian highlands.

ABSTRACT During the agronomic design of micro-sprinkling systems, it is difficult to guarantee the wetting of a volume of roots that allows the appropriate extraction of water and nutrients, as well as adequate anchorage. This leads to extreme precision at this stage, essentially in the estimation of crop coefficients KC, irrigation location coefficient KL and climatic variability coefficient KVC, as well as leaching requirements LR. When these are not estimated in a rigorous manner, the results can affect irrigation efficiency and the profitability of the installation. Identifying the effects of simplifications made during agronomic design on the accuracy of the capability's operating parameters is one of the ways to contribute to agricultural food production, considering the rational and efficient use of water. The research used the design procedure proposed by Keller and Rodrigo/1979, and the hypothetical-deductive method was also used to evaluate the effects of simplifications in the operating parameters of the installation. As a result, arguments were obtained that allow establishing the effects of simplifications in the rigor of the results of the agronomic design of localized irrigation systems, which allow us to conclude that the rigorous agronomic design of localized irrigation systems with micro-sprinkling leads to establishing effective installations.

RESUMEN Durante el diseño agronómico de sistemas de riego por microaspersión es difícil garantizar humedecer un volumen de raíces que permita la apropiada extracción de agua y nutrientes, así como el anclaje adecuado. Esto conlleva a extremar la precisión en esta etapa, esencialmente, en la estimación de los coeficientes de cultivo KC , de localización del riego KL y de variabilidad Climática KVC , así como de las necesidades de lavado LR. Cuando la estimación de éstos no se realiza de manera rigurosa, los resultados pueden afectar la eficacia del riego y la rentabilidad de la instalación. Identificar los efectos de las simplificaciones realizadas durante el diseño agronómico, en la precisión de los parámetros de explotación de la instalación, constituye una de las maneras de contribuir a la producción de alimentos agrícolas, considerando el uso racional y eficiente del agua. En la investigación se utilizó el procedimiento de diseño propuesto por Keller y Rodrigo/1979, se empleó además el método hipotético - deductivo, para evaluar los efectos de las simplificaciones en los parámetros de explotación de la instalación. Como resultado, se obtuvieron argumentos que permiten establecer los efectos de las simplificaciones en el rigor de los resultados del diseño agronómico de sistemas de riego localizado, los cuales permiten concluir que el diseño agronómico riguroso de sistemas de riego localizado con Microaspersores conlleva a establecer instalaciones eficaces.

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, the optimal dose of phosphorus in the cultivation of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) clones has yet to be defined. This study verified the productivity of yerba mate clones in response to the application of P doses and determined the critical level of the nutrient in soil and yerba mate leaves. The experiment was developed in Itaiópolis-SC, in humic cambisol, from 2013 to 2020. Five doses of the nutrient were evaluated in two clones (BRS-BLD Aupaba and F2) of yerba mate. Fertility was defined by planting/post-planting (0, 2.3; 4.5; 6.8, and 9.0 g plant-1), canopy formation 1 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g plant-1), canopy formation 2 (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g plant-1), and production (0, 16.7; 33.3; 50.0; 66.7 kg ha-1). Harvests took place between July 2015 and January 2020, at 18-month intervals. The productivity of leaves, fine branches, and thick branches was evaluated. In the 2020 harvest, soil and leaf samples were collected to determine the critical level of P. The productivity of clone components increased with phosphate fertilization in all evaluated harvests. The critical levels of P for clones, Aupaba and F2, were 5.2 and 6.3 mg dm-3 in soil and 1.03 and 1.11 g kg-1 in leaves, respectively. Yerba mate is demanding of P, expressing maximum productivity in the planting phase, canopy formation 1 and 2, and production when doses of 5, 25, 40 g plant-1, and 35 kg ha-1 of P2O5 are applied, respectively. ABSTRACT Brazil Ilex St Hil. Hil leaves ItaiópolisSC, ItaiópolisSC Itaiópolis SC, SC Itaiópolis-SC cambisol 201 BRSBLD BRS BLD F2 F planting/postplanting plantingpostplanting planting/post post 0, 0 (0 2.3 23 3 4.5 45 4 5 68 6 8 6.8 90 9 9. plant1, plant1 plant , plant-1) 10 20 30 15 16.7 167 16 7 33.3 333 33 50.0 500 667 66 66. ha1. ha1 ha . ha-1) 18month month 18 intervals 202 harvest harvests 52 5. 63 6. dm3 dm dm- 103 03 1.0 111 11 1.1 kg1 kg- respectively phase 25 1, plant-1 ha- PO O P2O applied postplanting plantingpost ( 2. 4. 16. 33. 50. 1. plant-

RESUMO: No Brasil, a dose de fósforo no cultivo de clones de erva-mate ainda não está definida. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a produtividade de clones de erva-mate em resposta a aplicação de doses de P e determinar o nível crítico do nutriente no solo e folhas de erva-mate. O experimento foi implantado em Itaiópolis-SC, em Cambissolo Húmico, em 2013. Foram avaliadas cinco doses do nutriente em dois clones (BRS-BLD Aupaba e F2) de erva-mate. As adubações foram definidas como de plantio/pós-plantio (0, 2,3; 4,5; 6,8 e 9,0 g planta-1), formação de copa 1 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 g planta-1), formação de copa 2 (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g planta-1) e produção (0, 16,7; 33,3; 50,0; 66,7 kg ha-1). As colheitas ocorreram entre julho de 2015 e janeiro de 2020, com intervalos de 18 meses. Avaliou-se produtividade de folhas, galhos finos e galhos grossos. Na safra de 2020, foram coletadas amostras de solo e folhas para determinação do nível crítico de P. A produtividade dos componentes dos clones aumentou com a adubação fosfatada em todas as safras avaliadas. Os níveis críticos de P para os clones Aupaba e F2 foram 5,2 e 6,3 mg dm-3 no solo e 1,03 e 1,11 g kg-1 nas folhas, respectivamente. A erva-mate é exigente em P, expressando produtividade máxima na fase de plantio, formação de copa 1 e 2 e produção, quando aplicado doses de P2O5 em torno de 5, 25, 40 g planta-1 e 35 kg ha-1, respectivamente. RESUMO Brasil ervamate erva mate definida ervamate. mate. ItaiópolisSC, ItaiópolisSC Itaiópolis SC, SC Itaiópolis-SC Húmico 2013 BRSBLD BRS BLD F plantio/pósplantio plantiopósplantio plantio/pós plantio pós 0, 0 (0 2,3 23 3 4,5 4 5 68 6 8 6, 90 9 9, planta1, planta1 planta , 10 20 30 15 16,7 167 16 7 33,3 333 33 50,0 500 667 66 66, ha1. ha1 ha . ha-1) 201 2020 meses Avaliouse Avaliou se grossos 52 63 dm3 dm dm- 103 03 1,0 111 11 1,1 kg1 kg- respectivamente PO P2O 25 planta- ha1, 1, ha-1 pósplantio plantiopós ( 2, 4, 16, 33, 50, 202 ha-

Mechanical properties may drastically change with temperature, which is crucial to characterize materials in environments as similar as possible to their desired application. This paper discusses a new furnace designed for thermomechanical experiments assisted by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) up to 900°C, with six transparent windows that allow for the visualization and lighting of the specimen. Its versatility is demonstrated in three different experimental configurations, namely, dilatometry, three-point bend experiment, and wedge splitting test. Applied forces and full-field data are used for robust calibration of parameters for numerical simulations. temperature application DIC (DIC 900C C 900 900°C specimen configurations namely dilatometry threepoint point experiment test fullfield full field simulations 90 9

Abstract Nutritional insults early in life, such as during the suckling phase, are associated with phenotypic alterations and promote adverse permanent effects that impair the capacity to maintain energy balance in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of a low-protein (LP) diet during lactation on the metabolism and antioxidant systems of adult female rat offspring. Dams were fed a low-protein diet (4% protein) during the first two weeks of lactation or a normal-protein (NP) diet (20% protein) during the entire lactation period. The female offspring received a standard diet throughout the experiment. At 90 days of age, female LP offspring exhibited decreased body weight, feeding efficiency, and fat pad stores. The adult LP female offspring displayed brown adipose tissue hyperplasia without alterations in glucose homeostasis. The LP diet decreased liver triglyceride content and improved the antioxidant system compared to the NP group. The LP diet during the suckling phase promotes a lean phenotype and improves the hepatocyte antioxidant system in adult female offspring. Thus, the LP diet may play an important role in homeostasis and the prevention of metabolic damage. life adulthood longterm long term lowprotein low protein (LP 4% 4 (4 normalprotein normal (NP 20% 20 (20 period experiment 9 age weight efficiency stores group Thus damage ( 2 (2

Resumen En la actualidad se hace necesario mitigar la concentración de gases con efecto invernadero, y son escasas las investigaciones realizadas en los Andes peruanos sobre captura de carbono en sistemas agroforestales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el potencial de almacenamiento de carbono de Eucalyptus viminalis instalado en un sistema silvopastoril junto con otros depósitos en Cajamarca, Perú. La biomasa forestal aérea fue determinada mediante ajustes de modelos, y la necrosada y herbácea mediante muestreos sistemáticos. El carbono almacenado en la biomasa se determinó con la fracción 0.5, y el almacenado en el suelo se estimó a partir de análisis en laboratorio. El Eucalyptus viminalis mostró potencial para capturar carbono en un sistema silvopastoril, debido a su alta capacidad de rebrote, derivada de una elevada densidad poblacional, así como a la efimeridad de sus componentes menores. La especie puede ser un importante reservorio de carbono en un sistema que logra hacer compatibles la producción y conservación.

Abstract Currently, it is necessary to mitigate the concentration of greenhouse gases, and there is little research on carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems which has been conducted in the Peruvian Andes. The objective of this research was to determine the carbon storage potential of Eucalyptus viminalis installed in a silvopastoral system together with other deposits in Cajamarca, Peru. The aerial forest biomass was determined by model adjustments, and the necrotic and herbaceous biomass by systematic sampling. The carbon stored in the biomass was determined with the 0.5 fraction, and the one stored in the soil was estimated via laboratory analysis. Eucalyptus viminalis showed potential to capture carbon in a silvopastoral system, due to its high regrowth capacity, which stems from a high population density, and the ephemerality of its minor components. The species can be an important carbon reservoir in a system that manages to make production and conservation compatible.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to relate the effects of confinement (COVID-19) on physical and mental health in physical education undergraduate students in Chile. The methodology is quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The sample consisted of 254 students belonging to seven Chilean universities. Sixty-three percent of the sample were men (n = 160), whereas 37% were women (n = 94). The information was collected through the self-report questionnaire on the Psychological Impact of Coronavirus. The results show that the variable Physical Activity in confinement was negatively and significantly related to the variable of BMI and use of communication media. When relating to behaviors associated with confinement and the Scale of Positive Experiences in the Face of Adversity (EEPA, by its initials in Spanish), it was positive and significant. Concerning the Distress Scale, it was significantly negatively correlated, in the same way with the Coronavirus Interference Scale and the Coronavirus Psychological Impact Questionnaire. It is concluded that there are negative effects on the physical and psychological health of Physical Education students as a result of confinement and some positive ones, such as self-care and protection systems.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar os efeitos do confinamento (COVID-19) na saúde física e psicológica em estudantes universitários de educação física no Chile. A metodologia é quantitativa, transversal, descritiva; A amostra foi composta por 254 estudantes pertencentes a 7 universidades chilenas. 63% da amostra eram homens (n = 160) e 37% mulheres (n = 94) As informações foram coletadas por meio do questionário de autorrelato sobre o Impacto Psicológico do Coronavírus. Os resultados mostram que a variável Atividade Física em confinamento esteve negativa e significativamente relacionada com a variável IMC e Uso de Meios de Comunicação. Quanto aos Comportamentos Associados ao Confinamento e à Escala de Experiências Positivas Face à Adversidade, foi positivo e significativo; em relação à Escala de Aflição, apresentou correlação negativa significativa, da mesma forma com a Escala de Interferência do Coronavírus e o Questionário de Impacto Psicológico do Coronavírus. Conclui-se que existem efeitos negativos na saúde física e psicológica dos alunos de Educação Física decorrentes do confinamento e alguns positivos como o autocuidado e os sistemas de proteção.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar los efectos del confinamiento (COVID-19), en la salud física y psicológica, en universitarios de Educación física de Chile. La metodología es cuantitativa, transversal y descriptiva; la muestra estuvo constituida por 254 estudiantes pertenecientes a siete universidades chilenas. El 63% de la muestra fueron hombres (n = 160) y 37% mujeres (n = 94). La recogida de la información fue por medio del cuestionario auto informe del Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus. Los resultados muestran que la variable Actividad Física en confinamiento se relacionó de forma negativa y significativa con la variable de IMC y Uso de Medios de Comunicación. Al relacionarse con Conductas Asociadas al Confinamiento y Escala de Experiencias Positivas ante la Adversidad, fue positiva y significativa; en relación a la Escala de Distres, se correlacionó negativa significativamente, de igual manera con la Escala de interferencia por el Coronavirus y Cuestionario de Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus. Se concluye que existen efectos negativos para la salud física y psicológica de los estudiantes de Educación física producto del confinamiento y algunos positivos como el autocuidado y sistemas de protección.

Background: One of the mainstays in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Neoadjuvant therapy have demonstrated to decrease local recurrence, also generating tumor downstaging, even leading to a pathological complete response (PCR), the latter related to better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (SLE). Aim: To report the anatomo-pathological results of treatment with chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer, analyzing the relationship with OS and SLE. Material and Method: Prospective cohort study. A database of colorectal surgeries from the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile between the years 2004-2019, including patients with locally advanced low and middle rectal cancer, who received neoadjuvant and later surgery. Survival analysis was made with the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test for comparison. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 411 patients underwent surgery for rectal cancer, 143 patients received neoadjuvant therapy, 19% registered PCR. The OS of the group with PCR was 94% (95% CI; 59.79-79.41%) while that of the group without PCR was 71% (95% CI; 66.64-99.20%) (p = 0.018), the SLE in those patients with PCR reached 100%, while in those without PCR it was 74% (95% CI; 64.08-81.28) (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Patients with PCR have better long-term results than those without PCR. PCR could indicate a favorable biological tumor profile, with less tendency to recurrence and improved survival.

Resumen Antecedentes: La radioquimioterapia neoadyuvante es uno de los pilares del tratamiento del cáncer de recto localmente avanzado. La neoadyuvancia ha demostrado disminuir la recidiva local, generando también un downstaging tumoral, llegando incluso a una respuesta patológica completa (RPC), esta última relacionada con una mejor sobrevida global (SG) y sobrevida libre de enfermedad (SLE). Objetivo: Reportar los resultados anátomo-patológicos del tratamiento con radioquimioterapia en cáncer de recto, analizando su relación con la SG y la SLE. Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo. Se analiza base de datos de cirugías coloproctológicas del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, entre los años 20042019, incluyendo pacientes con cáncer de recto medio y bajo localmente avanzados, los cuales recibieron neoadyuvancia y posteriormente cirugía. Se realizó el análisis de sobrevida con el método de Kaplan-Meier y el test Log-rank para su comparación. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: 411 pacientes fueron operados por cáncer de recto, 143 pacientes recibieron neoadyuvancia, el 19% registró RPC. La SG del grupo con RPC fue 94% (IC 95%; 59,79-79,41%) mientras que la del grupo sin RPC fue 71% (IC 95%; 66,64-99,20%) (p = 0,018), la SLE en aquellos pacientes con RPC alcanzó un 100%, mientras que en aquellos sin RPC fue 74% (IC 95%; 64,08-81,28) (p = 0,008). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con RPC mostraron mejores resultados a largo plazo que aquellos sin RPC. La RPC podría indicar un perfil tumoral biológico favorable, con menos tendencia a la recurrencia y mejor supervivencia.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el fenotipo del síndrome de DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo efectuado a partir de la revisión de los expedientes de pacientes con síndrome de DRESS, identificados en la interconsulta del Departamento de Investigación en Inmunogénetica y Alergia, del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) Ismael Cosío Villegas, entre 2014 y 2020. Se realizó análisis de frecuencias. Las asociaciones entre biomarcadores y latencia se calcularon con la prueba de χ2 y log-rank, y la evaluación del cambio en los biomarcadores con la prueba de Wilcoxon. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p < 0.05. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS v.21. Resultados: Se identificaron 15 pacientes, que representaron el 0.2% de los casos atendidos en el Departamento por algún padecimiento inmuno-alérgico (15/7052); las principales manifestaciones fueron: exantema (100%), eosinofilia (93%), fiebre (80%), adenomegalia (60%), daño renal (40%), daño hepático (33%) y latencia de 21 días. El daño hepático se asoció con latencia prolongada (p = 0.02). Posterior al tratamiento disminuyeron las concentraciones totales de eosinófilos (p < 0.001) y biomarcadores hepáticos y renales (p < 0.04). El síndrome de DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos no se asoció con la cantidad de fármacos prescritos ni con el patrón de resistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusión: El síndrome de DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos es una reacción clínica atípica, similar a otros tipos de síndrome de DRESS que responden favorablemente a corticosteroides sistémicos.

Abstract Objective: To describe the phenotype of DRESS syndrome induced by antituberculosis drugs. Methods: Descriptive study, withdrawn from the review of the records of patients with DRESS syndrome, identified in the interconsultation of the Department of Research in Immunogenetics and Allergy, of the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) Ismael Cosío Villegas, among 2014 and 2020. Frequency analysis was performed. The associations between biomarkers and latency are calculated with the χ2 test and log-rank, and the evaluation of the change in the biomarkers with the Wilcoxon test. The value of p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. For data analysis, the SPSS v.21 program was obtained. Results: 15 patients were identified; represented by 0.02% of total cases treated in the Department for someimmuno-allergic condition (15/7052); the main symptomatology were: rash (100%), eosinophilia (93%), fever (80%), adenomegaly (60%), kidney damage (40%), liver damage (33%), and latency of 21 days. Liver damage was associated with prolonged latency (p = 0.02). After treatment, the total levels of eosinophils (p < 0.001) and liver and kidney biomarkers (p < 0.04) decreased. DRESS syndrome induced by antituberculosis drugs is not associated with the number of drugs prescribed or with the pattern of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusion: DRESS syndrome induced by antituberculosis drugs is an atypical clinical reaction, similar to other types of DRESS syndrome that respond favorably to systemic corticosteroids.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir medidas de presión arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) y media (PAM) en recién nacidos sanos de término y pretérmino tardío para establecer parámetros de normalidad. Método: Estudio transversal realizado en el cunero fisiológico del Hospital Español, Ciudad de México. Se incluyeron 551 pacientes recién nacidos sanos. Las tomas de PA fueron realizadas dentro de las primeras 48 horas de vida con método oscilométrico. Posterior a la evaluación de normalidad, se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la población y cálculo de percentiles (25, 50 y 75) específicos para cada semana de gestación. Todos los análisis fueron realizados en STATA v14.2. Resultados: Los recién nacidos de sexo masculino tuvieron un valor medio de PAS de 64.6 mmHg en la semana 35 de gestación, este valor aumentó a 69.8 mmHg en la semana 40. El valor de la PAD fue de 42.6 mmHg en la semana 35 de gestación, disminuyendo a 40.8 mmHg para la semana 40. Los valores medios de PAS en los recién nacidos de sexo femenino fueron de 65.5 mmHg en la semana 35, teniendo un incremento a 73.5 mmHg en la semana 40. El valor de la PAD en la semana 35 de gestación fue 38 mmHg, incrementando a 41.3 mmHg en la semana 40. Conclusiones: Los valores de PA en recién nacidos sanos se modifican con la edad gestacional y el sexo. Estos resultados pueden servir como referencia para otros médicos ubicados en países o ciudades con alturas similares a la Ciudad de México.

Abstract Objective: Describe the measurements of systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure in healthy term and late preterm newborns to establish normal values. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in the nursery of the Hospital Español, located in Mexico City. A sample of 551 healthy newborns were included in the study. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken within the first 48 hours of life with the oscillometric method. After the evaluation of normality, a descriptive analysis of the population and calculation of percentiles (25, 50 and 75) specific for each week of gestation was performed. All analyzes were performed in STATA v14.2. Results: Male newborns had a mean SBP value of 64.6 mmHg at week 35 of gestation, this value increased to 69.8 mmHg at week 40; the systolic blood pressure (SBP) value was 42.6 mmHg at week 35 of gestation, which decreased to 40.8 mmHg at week 40. The mean SBP values in female newborns were 65.5 mmHg at week 35, increasing to 73.5 mmHg at week 40; the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) value at week 35 of gestation was 38 mmHg, increasing to 41.3 mmHg at week 40. Conclusions: The BP values in healthy newborns are modified by the gestational age and sex of the patients. These results can serve as a reference for other physicians located in countries or cities with a similar altitude than the one in Mexico City.

Resumen Las plantas alimentícias no convencionales (PANC) son plantas espontáneas o cultivadas, capaces de ampliar las fuentes de nutrientes disponibles para la población y promover la soberania y seguridad alimentaria. A pesar del potencial que representan los PANC, la mayoría de las especies nativas de Brasil no forman parte del grupo de alimentos más consumidos en el país. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el estado del arte de la investigación académica relacionada con PANC, utilizando un análisis bibliométrico de la investigación y producción científica mundial sobre el tema. Se identificaron un total de 2.056 artículos a partir de la investigación, con 50 términos de búsqueda, de los cuales 26 arrojaron resultados. Se observó un aumento de publicaciones sobre el tema, especialmente a partir de 1996. La fuente más relevante sobre el tema es el Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. Estados Unidos ocupan el primer lugar en cuanto al número de citas sobre el tema, y Brasil ocupa el puesto 28. Palabras como wild, edible, plant, flowers, food, traditional, indigenous e plants fueron las más citadas en los títulos de los artículos. A pesar del aumento de las investigaciones sobre el tema, el escenario aún es incipiente, considerando la gran cantidad de plantas entendidas como “no convencionales” existentes. PANC (PANC cultivadas alimentaria país 2056 2 056 2.05 5 búsqueda resultados 1996 Ethnomedicine 28 wild edible plant flowers food traditional incipiente existentes 205 05 2.0 199 20 0 2. 19 1

Abstract Unconventional food plants (PANC) are spontaneous or cultivated plants capable of expanding the sources of nutrients available to the population and promoting food sovereignty and security. Despite the potential that PANC represent, most native species in Brazil are not part of the most consumed food group in the country. The objective of this work was to analyze the state of the art of academic research related to PANC, using a bibliometric analysis of research and world scientific production on the subject. A total of 2.056 articles were identified from research with 50 search terms, of which 26 returned results. An increase in publications on the topic was observed, especially since 1996. The most relevant source on the topic is the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. The United States ranks first in terms of the number of citations on the subject and Brazil ranks 28th. Words such as wild, edible, plant, flowers, food, traditional, indigenous, and plants were the most cited in article titles. Despite the increase in research on the subject, the scenario is still incipient considering the large number of plants understood as “unconventional” existing. (PANC security represent country 2056 2 056 2.05 5 results observed 1996 Ethnomedicine 28th th wild edible plant flowers traditional indigenous titles unconventional “unconventional existing 205 05 2.0 199 20 0 2. 19 1

Resumo As plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC) são plantas espontâneas ou cultivadas, capazes de ampliar as fontes de nutrientes disponíveis à população e promover a soberania e segurança alimentar. Apesar do potencial que as PANC representam, as espécies nativas do Brasil, em sua maioria, não fazem parte do grupo de alimentos mais consumidos no país. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o estado da arte das pesquisas acadêmicas relacionadas às PANC, utilizando uma análise bibliométrica de pesquisa e produção científica mundial a respeito do tema. Foram identificados 2.056 artigos provenientes de pesquisa, com 50 termos de busca, sendo que, desses, 26 retornaram resultados. Foi observado um aumento em publicações sobre o tema, em especial a partir de 1996. A fonte mais relevante sobre o tema é o Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. Os Estados Unidos ocupam o primeiro lugar em relação ao número de citações sobre a temática, e o Brasil ocupa a 28ª colocação. Palavras como wild, edible, plant, flowers, food, traditional, indigenous e plants foram as mais citadas em títulos dos artigos. Apesar do aumento das pesquisas acerca do tema, o cenário ainda é incipiente, considerando a grande quantidade de plantas compreendidas como “não convencionais” existentes. (PANC cultivadas alimentar representam maioria país 2056 2 056 2.05 5 busca desses resultados 1996 Ethnomedicine temática ª colocação wild edible plant flowers food traditional incipiente existentes 205 05 2.0 199 20 0 2. 19 1

ABSTRACT Forest dynamics describe the change in structure and composition of forests over time, and is mainly driven by forest growth, a process resulting from size increase and mortality of trees, and recruitment of new individuals. An understanding of forest growth is essential for decision-making and research. An appropriate characterization of growth is only possible through the remeasurement of permanent sample plots over time. Although Chile has a continuous forest inventory system, it has several deficiencies which prevent the effective study of forest growth, mainly because it focuses on stand-level variables and stock estimates but lacks data for individual trees. Furthermore, access to the raw data is limited. In addition, maintaining long-term monitoring of plots to evaluate growth is difficult because of budget restrictions. These combined factors jeopardize the provision of key information regarding native forest dynamics and growth. We propose the establishment of a network of permanent sample plots in the Chilean National System of Protected Areas. Finally, we discuss a monitoring system based on this network by highlighting the advantages in terms of research, dissemination, outreach, and the ease of adding non-woody attributes.

RESUMEN La dinámica de los bosques se refiere al cambio en su estructura y composición en el tiempo, gobernado por su crecimiento, el cual es resultado de los procesos de incremento en tamaño, mortalidad de árboles y reclutamiento de nuevos individuos. Conocer el crecimiento de un bosque es esencial para la toma de decisiones de manejo y en investigación. Una apropiada caracterización del crecimiento de los bosques sólo es posible mediante la remedición de unidades de muestreo permanente en el tiempo. Aunque Chile tiene un sistema de inventario continuo, este posee una serie de deficiencias para el estudio efectivo del crecimiento de bosques; ya que posee un enfoque a nivel de rodal, pero no a nivel individual, y el acceso a los datos crudos es escaso. Por otro lado, los esfuerzos científicos son complejos de mantener en el largo plazo debido a las restricciones presupuestarias. Todo lo anterior configura un escenario adverso para proveer información clave y necesaria respecto al crecimiento de los ecosistemas forestales nativos. En el presente trabajo se propone el establecimiento de una red de unidades de muestreo permanente en bosques del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado de Chile. Finalmente, se discute un sistema de monitoreo basado en esta red, destacando las ventajas en términos de investigación, difusión y extensión, así como la facilidad que ofrece para agregar atributos no arbóreos.

Resumen El síndrome de reacción a medicamentos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos (DRESS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una respuesta de hipersensibilidad multisistémica poco frecuente inducida por uno o varios medicamentos que puede inducir una reacción adversa cutánea grave, la cual es difícil de diagnosticar y pone en peligro la vida del paciente si no es identificada y no se recibe tratamiento. Frecuentemente, se manifiesta como una erupción cutánea amplia, linfadenopatía, signos de afectación de órganos viscerales y alteraciones hematológicas, como leucocitosis, eosinofilia y, en ocasiones, linfocitosis atípica que se presentan de 2 a 8 semanas posterior a la administración del fármaco responsable. Los medicamentos responsables con mayor número de reportes son la fenitoína, la carbamazepina, el alopurinol y el abacavir. Se han identificado algunos alelos específicos del antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA) que se asocian a la hipersensibilidad de estos fármacos. La fisiopatología del síndrome de DRESS aún no se conoce por completo, generalmente se trata de una respuesta de hipersensibilidad mediada por células T, al interactuar con el receptor del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad en individuos con factores de susceptibilidad genética, como ocurre en otros cuadros de reacciones graves secundarias a la ingesta de fármacos. Los criterios del European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Drugs (RegiSCAR) son los más utilizados para su diagnóstico. El síndrome de hipersensibilidad inducido por fármacos (DiHS), el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ), la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica (NET), y la pustulosis exantemática generalizada aguda (PEGA) deben considerarse ante cualquier exantema que aparezca posterior a la administración de cualquier fármaco. La terapia incluye la eliminación del agente causal lo antes posible, así como los corticosteroides sistémicos, los cuales son los pilares del tratamiento.. Los agentes ahorradores de esteroides, como la ciclosporina, las inmunoglobulinas intravenosas (IVIGs) y otros agentes inmunosupresores, se han utilizado con éxito para contribuir al tratamiento.

Abstract DRESS (drug reaction syndrome with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) is a rare drug-induced multisystemic hypersensitivity response that can induce a severe cutaneous adverse reaction that is difficult to diagnose and treat. It frequently manifests as an extensive skin rash, systemic symptoms, lymphadenopathy, visceral organ involvement, and hematological alterations, mainly leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and sometimes atypical lymphocytosis that manifest 2 to 8 weeks after continuous administration of the responsible drug. The most prevalent drugs related with this syndrome are phenytoin, carbamazepine, allopurinol, and abacavir. Some specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been identified that are associated with hypersensitivity to these drugs. The pathophysiology of DRESS syndrome is not yet fully understood; the main hypothesis is a T-cell mediated hypersensitivity response when interacting with the major histocompatibility complex receptor in individuals with genetic susceptibility factors. The criteria of the European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Drugs (RegiSCAR) are the most commonly used for the diagnosis of DRESS syndrome. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) should be considered for any rash that appears following the administration of any drug. Therapy of DRESS includes the elimination of the causative agent as soon as possible, as well as systemic corticosteroids which are the cornerstones of treatment. Steroid-sparing agents such as cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs), and other immunosuppressive agents have been used successfully to contribute to treatment.

ABSTRACT This article summarizes the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of acute pancreatitis in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud), to provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the management of acute pancreatitis in EsSalud. A guideline development group (GEG) was formed that included medical specialists and methodologists. The GEG formulated 7 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when considered relevant-primary studies were carried out in PubMed during 2022. The evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions posed. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, the points of good clinical practice, and the corresponding ow charts. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution No. 105-IETSI-ESSALUD-2022. This CPG addressed 7 clinical questions on buid therapy, start of enteral nutrition, analgesia, type of nutrition, antibiotic, and surgical treatment. Based on these questions, 8 recommendations (1 strong and 7 conditional), 13 BPCs, and 1 flowchart were formulated. This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions of the CPG for the management of acute pancreatitis in EsSalud.

RESUMEN El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Su objetivo es proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en EsSalud. Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 7 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en PubMed durante el 2022. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y flujogramas correspondientes. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 105-IETSI-ESSALUD-2022. La presente GPC abordó 7 preguntas clínicas sobre fluidoterapia, momento de inicio de nutrición enteral, analgesia, tipo de nutrición, tratamiento antibiótico y quirúrgico. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 8 recomendaciones (1 fuerte y 7 condicionales), 13 BPC, y 1 flujograma. El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencia de la GPC para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en EsSalud.

Abstract The increase in life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of osteoporosis, characterized by an imbalance in bone remodeling. Several drugs are used for its treatment, but most promote undesirable side effects. The present investigation evaluated the effects of two low concentrations of grape seed extract (GSE) rich in proanthocyanidins on MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in an osteogenic medium and divided into control (C), 0.1 µg/mL GSE (GSE0.1), and 1.0 µg/mL GSE (GSE1.0) groups to evaluate cell morphology, adhesion, and proliferation, in situ alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection, mineralization and immunolocalization of osteopontin (OPN). The data obtained were analyzed by statistical tests for a significance of 5%. Cell morphology was maintained with both GSE concentrations, whereas cell adhesion significantly increased within three days in all groups. Cell proliferation increased significantly at seven days of culture, followed by a significant decrease in all experimental periods, with no statistical difference among them. In situ detection of ALP and mineralization increased with time, but within each period, no statistical differences among groups were observed. The expression of osteopontin was distributed regularly with more intensity after 24 hours in the GSE0.1 group. After three days, OPN expression was more intense in the control group, followed by GSE0.1 and GSE1.0 groups. Data obtained suggest that low concentrations of GSE do not affect the morphology and may stimulate the functional activity of osteoblastic cells. osteoporosis remodeling treatment (GSE MC3T3E1 MCTE MC3T3 E1 MC T E MC3T3-E C, C , (C) 01 0 1 0. µgmL µg mL GSE0.1, GSE01 GSE0 (GSE0.1) 10 1. GSE10 GSE1 (GSE1.0 (ALP OPN. . (OPN) 5 5% culture periods them time period observed 2 GSE0. group GSE1. MC3T3E MCT MC3T (C (GSE0.1 (GSE1. (OPN (GSE0. (GSE1 (GSE0

Resumo O aumento da expectativa de vida tem levado a uma maior incidência de osteoporose, caracterizada por um desequilíbrio na remodelação óssea. Vários medicamentos são utilizados para o seu tratamento, contudo, a maioria promove efeitos colaterais indesejáveis. A presente investigação avaliou os efeitos de duas baixas concentrações de extrato de semente de uva (GSE) rico em proantocianidinas em células osteoblásticas MC3T3-E1. As células foram cultivadas em meio osteogênico e divididas em grupos controle (C), 0,1 µg/mL de GSE (GSE0.1) e 1,0 µg/mL de GSE (GSE1.0) para avaliar morfologia, adesão e proliferação celular, detecção in situ de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), mineralização e imunolocalização da proteína osteopontina (OPN). Os dados obtidos foram analisados por testes estatísticos para um nível de significância de 5%. A proliferação celular aumentou significativamente aos sete dias de cultura, seguido de uma diminuição significativa em todos os períodos experimentais, sem diferença estatística entre eles. A detecção in situ de ALP e mineralização aumentou com o tempo, mas dentro de cada período não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. A morfologia celular foi mantida com ambas as concentrações de GSE, enquanto a adesão celular aumentou significativamente aos três dias em todos os grupos. A expressão de osteopontina distribuiu-se regularmente com maior intensidade após 24 horas no grupo GSE0.1. Após três dias, a expressão de OPN foi mais intensa no grupo controle, seguida pelos grupos GSE0.1 e GSE1.0. Os dados obtidos sugerem que baixas concentrações de GSE não afetam a morfologia e podem estimular a atividade funcional das células osteoblásticas. osteoporose óssea tratamento contudo indesejáveis (GSE MC3T3E1. MC3T3E1 MCTE MC3T3 E1. E1 MC T E MC3T3-E1 C, C , (C) 01 0 1 0, µgmL µg mL GSE01 GSE0 (GSE0.1 10 1, GSE1.0 GSE10 GSE1 (GSE1.0 ALP, (ALP) OPN. . (OPN) 5 5% cultura experimentais eles tempo distribuiuse distribuiu se 2 GSE0. MC3T3E MCT MC3T MC3T3-E (C (GSE0. GSE1. (GSE1. (ALP (OPN (GSE0 (GSE1