ABSTRACT Objective: To report and rank orthodontic finishing errors recorded in the clinical phase of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) examination and correlate pretreatment case complexity with orthodontic treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional survey collected retrospective data from the clinical phase of BBO examinations between 2016 and 2023. The quality of orthodontic clinical outcomes of each case was assessed by means of the Cast-Radiograph Evaluation (CRE), while case complexity was evaluated using the Discrepancy Index (DI), both tools provided by the American Board of Orthodontics. Survey items were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and a correlation analysis between total CRE and DI scores (p<0.05) was also performed. Results: A total of 447 orthodontic records was included. Orthodontic finishing errors were often observed, and no case was completely perfect. In the total CRE score, an average of 15 points was discounted for each case. Most frequently found issues involved problems with alignment, buccolingual inclination, marginal ridge, and occlusal relationship. The median DI score for initial case complexity was 22.0 (range 10.0 - 67.0). There was no significant correlation between the DI and CRE scores (p=0.106). Conclusion: Orthodontic finishing errors are inevitable, even in well-finished board-approved cases. Rotation, excessive buccolingual inclination, and discrepancies in marginal ridges are the most frequently observed areas of concern, in that order. Moreover, while case complexity, determined by DI, can impact orthodontic planning and pose challenges for clinicians, the study did not consider it a determining factor in predicting treatment outcomes. Objective (BBO Methods singlecenter single center crosssectional cross sectional 201 2023 CastRadiograph Cast Radiograph CRE, , (CRE) (DI) statistics p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05 performed Results 44 included perfect 1 alignment inclination ridge relationship 220 22 22. range 100 10 10. 67.0. 670 67.0 . 67 67.0) p=0.106. p0106 p=0.106 106 (p=0.106) Conclusion inevitable wellfinished well finished boardapproved board approved cases Rotation concern order Moreover clinicians 20 202 (CRE (DI p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 4 2 67. 6 p010 p=0.10 (p=0.106 p<0. p0 (p<0. p01 p=0.1 (p=0.10 p<0 (p<0 p=0. (p=0.1 p< (p< p=0 (p=0. (p p= (p=0 (p=

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as principais falhas de finalização ortodôntica registradas pelo Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO) e correlacionar a severidade inicial do caso com a qualidade da finalização ortodôntica. Material e Métodos: Esse estudo transversal unicêntrico coletou dados retrospectivos obtidos durante a Fase II dos exames do BBO, entre 2016 e 2023. A qualidade da finalização ortodôntica foi avaliada pelo Sistema Objetivo de Avaliação (SOA), e a severidade inicial do caso, pelo Índice do Grau de Complexidade (IGC), ambas ferramentas do American Board of Orthodontics. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, e a análise de correlação entre os escores do SOA e IGC foi calculada (p < 0,05). Resultados: 447 casos ortodônticos foram incluídos. Falhas de finalização ortodôntica foram detectadas em todos os casos. Em média, 15 pontos foram descontados no escore final do SOA. As falhas mais comuns envolveram problemas de alinhamento, inclinação vestibulolingual, e nivelamento das cristas marginais. O escore médio do IGC foi de 22,0 (amplitude: 10,0 - 67,0). Não houve correlação significativa entre os escores de IGC e SOA (p = 0,106). Conclusão: As falhas de finalização ortodôntica são inevitáveis, mesmo em casos aprovados pelo BBO. Rotação, inclinação vestibulolingual excessiva e desníveis nas cristas marginais, nessa ordem, são as áreas que merecem mais atenção. Além disso, a severidade inicial do caso, determinada pelo IGC, não foi considerada um fator determinante na predição da qualidade final do tratamento, embora ela possa impactar o planejamento e representar desafios para os clínicos. BBO (BBO Métodos 201 2023 SOA, , (SOA) (IGC) Orthodontics descritiva p 0,05. 005 0,05 . 0 05 0,05) Resultados 44 incluídos média 1 alinhamento marginais 220 22 22, amplitude (amplitude 100 10 10, 67,0. 670 67,0 67 67,0) 0,106. 0106 0,106 106 0,106) Conclusão inevitáveis Rotação ordem atenção disso tratamento clínicos 20 202 (SOA (IGC 00 0,0 4 2 67, 6 010 0,10 0, 01 0,1

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test two low-level laser therapy protocols by evaluating pain control, swelling and trismus in the postoperative period of lower third molar surgeries. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Patients presenting two symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were included. One side was randomly assigned for LLLT applied immediately after surgery (T1) and then after 24 (T2) and 48 hours (T3) (Protocol A). The other side received LLLT applied immediately after surgery and placebo after 24 and 48 hours (Protocol B). LLLT was given by intraoral application (660nm, 5 J/cm2, 10 s, 20 mW, 4 points) followed by extraoral application (789 nm, 30 J/cm2, 20 s, 60 mW, 8 points). The placebo application was similar to that of the experimental side but with laser simulation. The primary outcomes were pain control, swelling and trismus intensity at T1, T2, T3 and 7 days after surgery (T4). Data were analyzed by ANOVA repeated measures and Wilcoxon test (p<.05). The final sample consisted of 21 patients (42 teeth). There were no statistical differences for pain level between protocols A and B over time (p= .909), although the amount of analgesic medication was lower with protocol A at T2 (p=.022). There were no differences in swelling (p=.958) or trismus (p=.837) between the protocols used over time. Both protocols performed similarly for pain control, swelling and trismus. Therefore, for practical reasons, a single laser application in the immediate postoperative period could be indicated for the management of postoperative discomfort in lower third molar surgery.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi testar dois protocolos de terapia com laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) para controle da dor, edema e trismo no período pós-operatório de cirurgias de terceiro molar inferior. Neste estudo randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado, de boca dividida foram incluídos pacientes que apresentavam os terceiros molares inferiores simetricamente. Um lado foi aleatoriamente designado para receber LBI aplicada imediatamente após a cirurgia (T1) e após 24 (T2) e 48 (T3) horas (Protocolo A). O lado oposto recebeu LBI imediatamente após a cirurgia e placebo após 24 e 48 horas (Protocolo B). A aplicação de LBI foi realizada intraoralmente (660nm, 5 J/cm2, 10 s, 20 mW, 4 pontos), seguida pela aplicação extraoral (789 nm, 30 J/cm2, 20 s, 60 mW, 8 pontos). O efeito do placebo foi similar ao experimental. Os desfechos primários eram dor, edema e intensidade do trismo nos tempos T1, T2, T3 e 7 após a cirurgia (T4). Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Wilcoxon (p<.05). A amostra final consistiu de 21 pacientes (43 dentes). Não houve diferença estatística para o nível de dor entre os protocolos A e B ao longo do tempo (p=.909), embora a quantidade de medicação analgésica tenha sido menor com o protocolo A em T2 (p= .022). Não houve diferença para edema (p=.958) ou trismo (p=.837) entre os protocolos ao longo do tempo. Em conclusão, a aplicação de LBI imediatamente após a cirurgia e após 24 e 48 horas (Protocolo A) apresenta melhor resultado para controle da dor. Ambos os protocolos foram similares para dor, edema e trismo. Portanto, por razões de praticidade, uma aplicação única de laser imediatamente após a cirurgia pode estar indicada para o manejo do desconforto pós-operatório em cirurgias de terceiros molares inferiores.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), sondagem clínica e cirúrgica na avaliação do envolvimento da furca de molares superiores (EF). Defeitos de furca (n= 120) foram avaliados por meio de TCFC, avaliação clínica e intra-cirúrgica (IC). O envolvimento da furca, perda óssea vertical e horizontal foram avaliados através de sondagem clínica, TCFC e sondagem durante IC. Três radiologistas treinados avaliaram as imagens de TCFC e a concordância intra e interobservador foi calculada pelo teste Kappa e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC). Para comparação da sondagem clínica, IC e CBCT foram utilizados os testes de McNemar e Wilcoxon. A precisão, sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivos e negativos foram calculados para a detecção de EF. Os achados clínicos mostraram 61 sítios com EF, sendo 28 Grau I, 25 locais de Grau II e 8 locais de Grau III. Observou-se boa concordância intra- (k = 1,00) e interobservador (k = 0,773). A concordância intraobservador e interobservador para perda óssea horizontal foi moderada, k = 0,485 e k = 0,549, respectivamente. Os achados intra-cirúrgicos mostraram EF grau I em 21 sítios e grau II e grau III em quinze sítios cada. A avaliação clínica mostrou 75% de concordância com IC e 78% com CBCT. A acurácia para detecção clínica de EF foi de 75%, enquanto para avaliação de CBCT variou de 72,5% a 77,5%, considerando os 3 observadores. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas em sítios distais em CBCT (p<0,05). A avaliação clínica e a TCFC mostraram resultados semelhantes para a presença ou ausência de EF. Em relação à perda óssea horizontal e vertical, a TCFC não foi considerada um exame preciso para defeitos ósseos incipientes.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the performance of conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), clinical and surgical probing in assessing maxillary molar furcation involvement (FI). Furcation defects (n= 120) were assessed through CBCT, clinical and intra-surgical evaluation (ISE). Furcation Involvement, vertical and horizontal bone loss were assessed through clinical probing, CBCT and probing during ISE. Three trained radiologists evaluated CBCT images and intra- and interobserver agreement were calculated by Kappa test and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). McNemar and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare clinical probing, ISE and CBCT. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated to detect FI. Clinical findings showed 28 sites with Degree I, 25 sites with Degree II, and 8 sites with Degree III. Good intra- (k=1.00) and interobserver agreement (k=0.773) were observed. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement for horizontal bone loss were moderate, k=0.485 and k=0.549, respectively. Intra-surgical findings showed Degree I at 21 sites, and Degree II and Degree III FI at fifteen sites each. Clinical evaluation showed 75% agreement with ISE and 78% with CBCT. Accuracy for clinical detection of FI was 75%, while for CBCT evaluation ranged from 72.5% to 77.5%, considering the 3 observers. Significant differences were found at distal sites using CBCT (p<0.05). Clinical evaluation and CBCT showed similar results for the presence or absence of FI. Concerning horizontal and vertical bone loss, CBCT was not considered a precise examination method for incipient bone defects.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and associated factors in patients treated at a referral service in Brazil's Midwest. Data were obtained from medical records on file between 2010 and 2017 for this epidemiologic and associational study. A descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic and clinical data was carried out, after which the data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance. A total of 1,696 medical records were eligible. The requests for rehabilitation were mainly for children in the early years of life, and were mostly for patients from low-income families in the state of Goiás. CL/P was more prevalent in its most severe morphological representation (cleft lip and palate), and the most frequently affected side was the left. Syndromic cleft was present in 4.1% of the cases, and the Pierre Robin sequence and Apert syndrome appeared more frequently. Adjusted multivariate Poisson regression showed an association between cleft palate and the presence of syndromes, since the prevalence was 2.33 times higher in this case than that of no syndrome. Cleft lip and palate were associated with males, whereas cleft palate was associated with females. This study highlights the importance of collecting and analyzing epidemiological data, managing health service planning, and allocating funds to assist cleft patients.

RESUMO Introdução: O presente estudo objetivou: 1) avaliar a morfologia da sínfise mandibular e dos tecidos tegumentares do mento, associada ao sexo, idade, padrões sagital e vertical; e 2) identificar as contribuições dessas variáveis, individualmente ou combinadas, às diferentes regiões da sínfise. Métodos: Este estudo transversal incluiu 195 radiografias cefalométricas laterais de adultos não tratados ortodonticamente. Os tecidos alveolar, basal e mole da sínfise foram medidos por um sistema de coordenadas x, y e z da base do crânio e divididos de acordo com quatro variáveis preditoras: sexo, idade e padrões esqueléticos sagitais e verticais. Testes paramétricos foram conduzidos para fins de comparação e correlação, enquanto a análise de regressão múltipla foi realizada para explorar as interações combinadas. Resultados: A inclinação alveolar está relacionada aos padrões sagitais e verticais, e ambos explicaram 71,4% das variações. A espessura alveolar é fracamente prevista e pouco influenciada pela idade. A altura da sínfise foi 10% maior no sexo masculino e esteve associada ao padrão esquelético vertical e ao sexo, sendo que ambos explicaram 43,6% das variações. A sínfise basal mostra espessura individual, é maior no sexo masculino e verticalmente curta com a idade. O tecido mole do mento não está necessariamente relacionado ao tamanho do padrão esquelético subjacente e aumenta com a idade, mesmo na idade adulta. Conclusões: A sínfise e os tecidos circundantes são influenciados pelo sexo, idade e padrões sagitais e verticais, que atuam de forma diferenciada nas porções alveolar, basal e de tecidos tegumentares. Os padrões esqueléticos sagitais e verticais são a associação mais forte na inclinação da sínfise alveolar, enquanto o sexo e a idade atuam na posição vertical da sínfise e na espessura dos tecidos tegumentares.

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aimed to (I) assess the morphology of the symphysis and soft tissue chin associated with sex, age and sagittal/vertical skeletal patterns, and (II) identify the individual and combined contributions of these variables to different portions of the symphysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 195 lateral cephalometric radiographs from untreated adults. Alveolar, basal, and soft tissue of the symphysis were measured by an X/Y cranial base coordinate system, and divided in accordance to four predictor variables: sex, age, and sagittal/vertical skeletal patterns. Parametric tests were conducted for comparison and correlation purposes, while multiple regression analysis was performed to explore combined interactions. Results: Alveolar inclination is related to sagittal and vertical patterns, and both explained 71.4% of the variations. Alveolar thickness is weakly predicted and poorly influenced by age. Symphysis height was 10% higher in males, and associated with a vertical skeletal pattern and sex, and both explained 43.6% of variations. Basal symphyseal shows an individual thickness, is larger in males, and vertically short-positioned with age. Soft tissue chin is not necessarily related to the size of the underling skeletal pattern, and enlarges with age, even in adulthood. Conclusions: The symphysis and surrounding tissues are influenced by sex, age, and sagittal and vertical patterns, acting differently on the alveolar, basal and soft tissue portions. Sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns are the strongest association on alveolar symphysis inclination, whereas sex and age acts on the vertical symphysis position and soft tissues thickness.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações do perfil facial promovidas pelo enxerto de cimento de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) para redução da exposição gengival excessiva devida à hiperatividade dos músculos elevadores do lábio superior durante o sorriso. Métodos: Onze pacientes (todos do sexo feminino, faixa etária de 20 a 43 anos) com sorriso gengival, tratados com enxerto de cimento de PMMA em clínica privada, foram selecionados para este estudo retrospectivo. Três medidas cefalométricas angulares e dez lineares do perfil facial foram realizadas no pré-operatório (T1) e com pelo menos seis meses de pós-operatório (T2). As diferenças entre T1 e T2 foram verificadas pelo teste de Wilcoxon, e a correlação entre a espessura do enxerto e as alterações do perfil facial foi avaliada estatisticamente pelo Coeficiente de Spearman. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p< 0,05. Resultados: o ângulo nasolabial (p= 0,03) e o componente labial do ângulo nasolabial apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p= 0,04), com maiores valores em T2. Não foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas (p> 0,05) entre a espessura do enxerto e as alterações do perfil facial. Conclusões: O enxerto de cimento ósseo de PMMA projetou discretamente o lábio superior, aumentando o ângulo nasolabial sem afetar o componente nasal. Não foram detectadas correlações entre a espessura do enxerto e as alterações do perfil facial.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate facial profile changes promoted by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement graft to reduce excessive gingival display due to hyperactivity of the elevator muscles of the upper lip during smiling. Methods: Eleven patients (all females, age range: 20 to 43 years) presenting gingival smile that were treated with PMMA cement grafts in a private clinic were selected for this retrospective study. Three angular and ten linear cephalometric facial profile measurements were performed preoperatively (baseline, T1) and at least 6 months postoperatively (T2). Differences between T1 and T2 were verified by Wilcoxon test, and the correlation between the thickness of the graft and facial profile changes was statistically evaluated by Spearman’s Coefficient test. The significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The nasolabial angle (p= 0.03) and the labial component of the nasolabial angle showed statistically significant differences (p= 0.04), with higher values in T2. No correlations were found between the graft thickness and the statistically significant facial profile changes (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The PMMA bone cement graft projected the upper lip forward, thereby increasing the nasolabial angle without affecting the nasal component. No correlations between the graft thickness and the facial profile changes were detected.

RESUMO Introdução: os remanescentes epiteliais de Malassez (REM) se configuram como um grupo de células epiteliais presentes no ligamento periodontal, classicamente consideradas estruturas latentes ou quiescentes, associadas a processos patológicos. Entretanto, ao longo dos anos, esse paradigma vem sendo rompido e hoje não mais são consideradas apenas como restos celulares, mas sim uma importante estrutura tecidual, com funções na manutenção da homeostase do periodonto, inclusive durante a movimentação ortodôntica. Objetivo: na presente revisão da literatura, buscou-se apresentar as funções dessas estruturas, com ênfase nelas durante a movimentação ortodôntica, rompendo o conceito errôneo de que são meros restos celulares, e defendendo sua compreensão como uma estrutura funcional do periodonto. Conclusão: os REM possuem uma atividade funcional na modulação da movimentação ortodôntica, por meio de seu potencial para diferenciação, de suas funções de manutenção e de sua capacidade de reparação periodontal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) represent a group of cells in the periodontal ligament classically consisting of latent or quiescent structures associated with pathological processes. However, recent evidence shows that these structures cannot be considered only as cellular debris. The ERM is a major tissue structure, with functions in maintaining the homeostasis of periodontal tissue, including the maintenance of orthodontic movement. Objective: The present literature review aims at presenting the potential functions of ERM, with emphasis on orthodontic movement and the functional structure of the periodontium. Conclusion: ERM cells have a functional activity in modulation of orthodontic movement, trough their potential for differentiation, maintenance functions and the capacity of repairing periodontium.

INTRODUÇÃO: o presente relato de caso clínico versa sobre o tratamento ortodôntico em um paciente adulto com má oclusão de Classe III esquelética e mordida cruzada anterior. Dificuldades de diagnóstico cefalométrico foram geradas pela base craniana encurtada. A queixa principal se direcionou à estética do sorriso e a problemas relacionados com a função mastigatória. MÉTODOS: o tratamento ortodôntico de escolha foi a compensação dentoalveolar por meio da extração de primeiros pré-molares inferiores, uma vez que o paciente apresentava ausência dos primeiros pré-molares superiores e recusou-se à realização da cirurgia ortognática. A retração inferior foi auxiliada pelo levantamento provisório da dimensão vertical da oclusão para que a movimentação ortodôntica ocorresse sem entraves. RESULTADOS: ao final do tratamento, sobressaliência e sobremordida ideais foram obtidas. CONCLUSÃO: a reavaliação oito anos após o tratamento ortodôntico revelou adequada estabilidade clínica. O presente caso foi apresentado ao Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO), como parte dos requisitos para se tornar diplomado pelo BBO.

INTRODUCTION: This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of an adult patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion and anterior crossbite. A short cranial base led to difficulties in establishing a cephalometric diagnosis. The patient's main complaint comprised esthetics of his smile and difficulties in mastication. METHODS: The patient did not have the maxillary first premolars and refused orthognathic surgery. Therefore, the treatment chosen was orthodontic camouflage and extraction of mandibular first premolars. For maxillary retraction, the vertical dimension was temporarily increased to avoid obstacles to orthodontic movement. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment, ideal overjet and overbite were achieved. CONCLUSION: Examination eight years after orthodontic treatment revealed adequate clinical stability. This case report was submitted to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements to become a BBO diplomate.

Objective: In order to understand the conflicting information on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathophysiologic responses after mandibular advancement surgery, an overview of the literature was proposed with a focus on certain risk factors. Methods: A literature search was carried out in the Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases in the period from January 1980 through March 2013. Various combinations of keywords related to TMJ changes [disc displacement, arthralgia, condylar resorption (CR)] and aspects of surgical intervention (fixation technique, amount of advancement) were used. A hand search of these papers was also carried out to identify additional articles. Results: A total of 148 articles were considered for this overview and, although methodological troubles were common, this review identified relevant findings which the practitioner can take into consideration during treatment planning: 1- Surgery was unable to influence TMJ with preexisting displaced disc and crepitus; 2- Clicking and arthralgia were not predictable after surgery, although there was greater likelihood of improvement rather than deterioration; 3- The amount of mandibular advancement and counterclockwise rotation, and the rigidity of the fixation technique seemed to influence TMJ position and health; 4- The risk of CR increased, especially in identified high-risk cases. Conclusions: Young adult females with mandibular retrognathism and increased mandibular plane angle are susceptible to painful TMJ, and are subject to less improvement after surgery and prone to CR. Furthermore, thorough evidenced-based studies are required to understand the response of the TMJ after mandibular advancement surgery.

INTRODUÇÃO: a anomalia de raiz curta (ARC) é uma patologia incomum e constitui um desafio para o tratamento ortodôntico, pois tende a elevar o risco de reabsorção radicular. OBJETIVO: revisar a literatura sobre o diagnóstico, a etiologia e a conduta ortodôntica recomendada para esses casos, ilustrando esse tema com relatos de caso. MÉTODOS: devido ao baixo nível de evidência sobre o tema, realizou-se a revisão narrativa da literatura com estratégia de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, Scopus e Web of Science. RESULTADOS: o diagnóstico diferencial da ARC deverá ser realizado entre dentes com rizogênese incompleta, reabsorção radicular externa apical, displasia dentinária tipo I e hipoplasia radicular pós-traumatismo dentário. A ARC apresenta determinantes genéticos para o encurtamento, e a movimentação ortodôntica exige que medidas de controle clínico e radiográfico sejam adotadas, ensejando a restrição de danos. CONCLUSÃO: a movimentação ortodôntica de dentes com ARC somente é contraindicada em casos extremos. A conduta cautelosa em todas as suas etapas poderá minimizar a perda de inserção e lograr em estabilidade em longo prazo.

INTRODUCTION: Short Root Anomaly (SRA) is an uncommon disease and a challenge for orthodontic treatment as it tends to increase the risk of root resorption. OBJECTIVE: Assess the current status of the diagnosis, etiology and orthodontic management of teeth with SRA, and present case reports. METHOD: A literature review was carried out in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus and Web of Science databases. RESULTS: A differential diagnosis of SRA should be conducted for teeth with incomplete root formation, external apical root resorption, dentin dysplasia type I and post dental trauma root hypoplasia. SRA is genetically determined and orthodontic movement requires changes in clinical and radiographic management in order to restrict damage. CONCLUSION: Orthodontic movement of teeth with SRA is contraindicated in extreme cases, only. Caution at all stages could minimize attachment loss and lead to long-term stability.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish cephalometric reference values for mandibular symphysis in adults. Dentoalveolar, skeletal and soft tissue variables were measured considering the influence of gender and facial type. METHODS: The sample consisted of sixty cephalometric radiographs of white Brazilian adult patients, with a mean age of 27 years and 6 months, who had not undergone orthodontic treatment and who presented well-balanced faces and normal occlusion. The sample was standardized according to gender (30 males and 30 females) and facial type (20 were dolichofacial, 20 mesofacial and 20 brachyfacial). RESULTS: The results showed that male and female symphyses are similar, except for symphyseal height, which was greater in males. In terms of facial type, the dolichofacial group presented narrower symphysis in dentoalveolar and basal areas, with a more accentuated lingual dentoalveolar inclination. CONCLUSION: The brachyfacial group showed broader symphysis in the dentoalveolar and basal areas and a greater buccal dentoalveolar inclination. The projection of the chin was 6.67 mm below the subnasal vertical line and there was no significant difference between the genders or facial types.

INTRODUÇÃO: a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) foi introduzida no final da década de 90 e estudos têm aprimorado o seu emprego na Odontologia. OBJETIVO: o objetivo desse artigo foi verificar a influência de imagens tridimensionais (3D) no plano de tratamento ortodôntico. MÉTODOS: duas situações clínicas (reabsorção cervical e deiscência óssea) foram descritas por meio de imagens 3D. RESULTADOS: a conduta ortodôntica foi redirecionada para a simplificação da mecânica e o controle das lesões durante o tratamento ortodôntico. CONCLUSÃO: imagens 3D são capazes de aumentar a acurácia do diagnóstico e redirecionar o plano de tratamento ortodôntico.

INTRODUCTION: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was introduced in the 90's and studies have improved its use in dentistry. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to investigate the influence of three-dimensional (3D) images in orthodontic treatment planning. METHOD: Two clinical situations (bone dehiscence and cervical resorption) were described by 3D images. RESULTS: The orthodontic treatment plan was redirected to a simplified mechanics and control of the lesions during orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: 3D images are able to increase diagnostic accuracy and redirect orthodontic treatment plan.

OBJECTIVE: There is little information regarding the mesiodistal angulation of permanent teeth in mixed dentition. The aim of this study was to evaluate mesiodistal root angulation of permanent incisors, canines and first molars of 100 Brazilian children, using a new horizontal reference plane based on the midpoint of the intercuspation of primary canines and permanent first molars in panoramic radiographs during the mixed-dentition phase. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Children were equally divided between the genders with a mean age of 8.9 years (SD=0.76), normal occlusion and no eruptive disturbances. RESULTS: The angulation of the permanent maxillary first molars was close to the vertical, whereas the mandibular molars presented approximately 25 degrees of distal root angulation. The maxillary canines were the most distally angulated teeth, whereas the permanent mandibular canines were vertically positioned. The evaluation of the anterior maxillary area showed vertical position of permanent lateral, and central incisors with a slight distal angulation, whereas the permanent mandibular incisors tended to a mesial radicular convergence. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed reference line could be useful in mixed dentition root angulation evaluation; there was a slight asymmetry in the mesiodistal angulation among homologous teeth, and also a small variation between the male and the female groups, but no difference between 8-and 10-year-old children.