ABSTRACT Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WLWH) are more likely to be infected with the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). We assessed the prevalence of high-risk (HR) (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82), probable high-risk (pHR) (26/53/66), and low-risk (LR) (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/70) HPV types and their associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study of WLWH aged 18-64 years included one laboratory and eight HIV-specialty healthcare facilities in the pilot network. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Adjusted analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors associated with HR and/or pHR HPV infection in WLWH. Results: From May/2021 to May/2022, 1,914 (92.5%) WLWH participated in the pilot study and had valid HPV-DNA results of self-collected vaginal samples. The median age of the participants was 45 years, 60.1% had ≥ 9 years of schooling, 80.5% were ≤ 18 years at first sexual intercourse, and 51.7% had > 4 sexual partners throughout life. The prevalence of any HPV type, HR HPV, pHR HPV, and LR HPV was 65.8%, 49.6%, 16.7%, and 40.0%, respectively. Age was inversely associated with pHR and/or HR-HPV (p < 0.001), and education level was inversely associated with HR-HPV (p = 0.003) types. Any HR or pHR was associated with being single (p = 0.029) and exchanging sex for drugs (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV, among WLWH is high in Brazil, highlighting the need for HPV screening in this population. Self-collection of vaginal samples is an important strategy for increasing testing access. Background HIV (HIV (WLWH HPV. . (HPV) highrisk (HR 16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82, 161831333539455152565859687382 16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82 , 16 31 33 35 39 51 52 56 58 59 68 73 82 (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82) (pHR 26/53/66, 265366 26/53/66 26 53 66 (26/53/66) lowrisk low (LR 6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/70 61140424344546170 6 11 40 42 43 44 54 61 70 (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/70 Methods crosssectional cross sectional 1864 64 18-6 HIVspecialty specialty network characteristics andor Results May2021 May 2021 May/202 May2022 2022 May/2022 1914 1 914 1,91 92.5% 925 92 5 (92.5% HPVDNA DNA selfcollected self collected 601 60 60.1 schooling 805 80 80.5 intercourse 517 7 51.7 life type 658 65 8 65.8% 496 49 49.6% 167 16.7% 400 0 40.0% respectively HRHPV p 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 0.003 0003 003 0.029 0029 029 0.037. 0037 0.037 037 0.037) Conclusions Brazil population Selfcollection Self collection access (HPV 16183133353945515256585968738 16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/8 3 (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82 26536 26/53/6 2 (26/53/66 6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/7 6114042434454617 (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/7 186 18- May202 202 May/20 191 91 1,9 92.5 (92.5 60. 80. 51. 65.8 49.6 16.7 40.0 000 0.00 00 0.02 002 02 0.03 03 1618313335394551525658596873 16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/ (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/8 2653 26/53/ (26/53/6 6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/ 611404243445461 (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/ May20 20 May/2 19 1, 92. 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Abstract Aim: To evaluate the chronic effects of resistance training on resting blood pressure, handgrip strength, gait speed, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) in normotensive and hypertensive elderly individuals. Methods: Experimental study based on TREND. Hypertensive patients were diagnosed by an independent doctor. Before and after 12 weeks of progressive resistance training, we evaluated blood pressure, heart rate, body composition, Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, and handgrip strength. Results: Sample consisted of 41 participants divided into two groups (normotensive n = 28; hypertensive n = 13). We observed significant values in the reduction of blood pressure levels only in the group of hypertensive participants. In functionality outcomes, we observed significant values in all tests and both groups. Outcomes contemplate effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. Conclusion: Progressive resistance training lowers resting blood pressure levels, increases handgrip strength, and improves physical functional performance. Although the normotensive group did not show a reduction in blood pressure levels, an improvement was observed in the functional physical tests.

Resumo: A Reserva Biológica Tinguá (RBT) é a maior área protegida desta categoria no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Aqui, pela primeira vez, apresentamos a composição histórica da assembleia de mamíferos terrestres da região da RBT. Um inventário foi realizado utilizando amostragem por transectos, transectos não padronizados, busca por espécimes em museu e relatos. Considerando todos os dados, foram registradas oitenta e cinco espécies, colocando a RBT como a segunda no número de mamíferos registrados na ecorregião "Serra do Mar" da Mata Atlântica e no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entre as espécies com registros históricos estão a onça-pintada (Panthera onca) e o mico-leão-dourado (Leontopithecus rosalia), enquanto a presença atual do lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) foi registrada pela primeira vez. Estudos prioritários devem se concentrar nas ordens de Chiroptera, Rodentia e Didelphimorphia, especialmente nas áreas mais remotas da reserva, e pesquisas de longo prazo sobre espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Além da caça, a fragmentação em seu interior por estradas, gasodutos e linhas de transmissão e a presença de espécies exóticas, a TBR é ameaçada também pelo crescimento urbano no entorno e pela pressão para reduzir sua área e categoria de proteção, exigindo maior atenção dos altos níveis de gestão de áreas protegidas no Brasil.

Abstract: The Tinguá Biological Reserve (TBR) is the largest protected area of this category in Rio de Janeiro state. Here, for the first time, we present the historical composition of terrestrial mammals' assemblage of TBR region. An inventory was conducted using transect surveys, nonstandard transects, survey of museum specimens and informal reports. Considering all the data, eighty-five species were recorded, placing TBR as the second one in the number of mammals recorded in "Serra do Mar" ecoregion of Atlantic Forest and in the Rio de Janeiro state. Among the species with historical records are the jaguar (Panthera onca) and the golden-lion-tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) while the current presence of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) was recorded for the first time. Priority studies should focus on Chiroptera, Rodentia and Didelphimorphia orders, especially in the most remote areas of the reserve, and long-term surveys of endangered species. Besides hunting, fragmentation of its interior by roads, pipelines and transmission lines and exotic species, TBR is also threatened by the urban growth around it and the pressure to reduce its area and its protection category, demanding greater attention by the high levels of governance of protected areas in Brazil.

RESUMO Este trabalho avaliou, a partir das análises de componentes principais e de fatores, a aplicabilidade do modelo linear IVI = a1Ar + a2Dr + a3Fr para obter índices de valor de importância (IVI) para espécies arbóreas, em que Ar é a abundância relativa, Dr é a dominância relativa e Fr é a frequência relativa, comparando-os com o método univariado que considera a equação tradicional que considera a1 = a2 = a3 =1. Os dados foram analisados a partir de uma amostra de 104,04 ha, localizada na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, município de Belterra, estado do Pará, abrangendo um conjunto de 36 conglomerados de 4 ha, formato cruz de malta, com quatro subparcelas de 1 ha. Para obter os IVIs por espécie dentro de cada conglomerado, as subparcelas foram subdivididas cada uma em 5 subsubparcelas de 0,2 ha. Os resultados mostraram que os valores obtidos pelos métodos multivariados são diferentes dos computados pela equação tradicional. Verificou-se, também, que os valores dos índices uni e multivariados variaram de forma significativa dentro da floresta, não sendo recomendável, como normalmente ocorre, inferir um valor único para a área total da floresta, pois espécies consideradas de menor importância para o total da floresta podem possuir grande importância em determinadas subáreas. O uso do modelo linear com a1 = a2 = a3 =1 não é adequado, pois, por espécie e de acordo com a sua distribuição na floresta, esses coeficientes apresentam grandes variações.

ABSTRACT Principal components and factor analysis were used to evaluate the applicability of the linear model IVI = a1Ar + a2Dr + a3Fr for obtaining indexes of value of importance (IVI) for tree species, where Ar is relative abundance, Dr is the relative dominance and Fr is the relative frequency, to compare with the standard univariate method that considers a1 = a2 = a3 =1. The data comprised a sample of 104.04 ha, located in Tapajós National Forest, Belterra municipality, state of Pará, covering of a set of 36 clusters of 4 ha each, Malta croos-shaped, with four subplots of 1ha each. To obtain the IVI's by species within each cluster, each subplot was subdivided each into 5 sub-subplots of 0.2 ha each. The analysis revealed that the values obtained by multivariable differ from those obtained by the standard equation. It was also found that the values of univariate and multivariate indices vary significantly within the forest, and therefore are not recommended, as they usually are, to infer a single value for the whole forest area, because species considered of minor importance for the overall forest may be of great importance in particular subareas. The use of linear model with a1 = a2 = a3 =1 is not suitable, because of the wide variation of the coefficients among species and their spatial distribution in the forest.

Resumo Mário de Andrade (1893-1945), ecritor e musicólogo brasileiro, e Fernando Ortiz (1881-1969), escritor e antropólogo cubano, são referências consagradas nos estudos de culturas de origem Africana de seus respectivos países. Um dos temas de interesse comum a ambos, sugerido por suas observações diretas e por bibliografia a que tiveram acesso, é o da relação entre música e feitiçaria em concepções e rituais afro-americanos. Explorando os pontos comuns e os contrastes entre os dois autores na abordagem deste tema, sugere-se que o interesse do debate não se restringe à história das ideias, mas encontra eco em teorias contemporâneas sobre “atos de fala”, perfomatividade e agência estética.

Abstract Brazilian writer and musicologist Mário de Andrade (1893-1945) and Cuban writer and anthropologist Fernando Ortiz (1881-1969) are important references in the study of cultures of African origin in their respective countries. The two intellectuals shared an interest in the relations between music and sorcery in Afro-American conceptions and rituals, as suggested by their field observations and bibliographic references. This essay explores common characteristics and contrasts in their approaches to the theme and suggests that the debate should not be limited to the history of ideas, since it echoes contemporary theories on “speech acts”, performativity, and aesthetic agency.

Os surtos de raiva em humanos transmitida por Desmodus rotundus em 2004 e 2005 no nordeste do estado do Pará, Brasil, Amazônia Oriental, fizeram desta uma área prioritária para estudos sobre essa zoonose. Diante disso, o presente estudo fornece dados sobre esse fenômeno em contexto urbano, afim de avaliar uma possível circulação do vírus clássico da raiva (RABV) entre espécies de morcegos em Capanema, cidade localizada na bacia Amazônica. Os morcegos foram coletados em 2011, com auxílio de redes de espera durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Amostras de encéfalo e de sangue foram coletadas para o diagnóstico virológico e sorológico, respectivamente. Das 153 amostras de encéfalo analisadas, nenhuma encontrou-se positiva para infecção pelo RABV, porém, 50,34% (95% CI: 45,67-55,01) das amostras de soro analisadas estavam soropositivas. Artibeus planirostris foi a espécie mais comum, e seu percentual de indivíduos soropositivos foi bem elevado (52.46%, 95% CI: 52,31-52,60). Porções estatisticamente iguais de soropositivos foram registrados nas estações (c2 = 0,057, d.f. = 1, p = 0,88). Uma porção significativamente elevada de machos (55,96%, 95% CI: 48,96%-62,96%), e adultos (52,37%, 95% CI: 47,35%-57,39%) foram soropositivos. Apesar de nenhuma das amostras de encéfalo terem sido positivas para raiva, a alta proporção de espécimes soropositivos indica uma possível circulação do RABV nessa área urbana.

The outbreaks of rabies in humans transmitted by Desmodus rotundus in 2004 and 2005, in the northeast of the Brazilian State of Para, eastern Amazon basin, made this a priority area for studies on this zoonosis. Given this, the present study provides data on this phenomenon in an urban context, in order to assess the possible circulation of the classic rabies virus (RABV) among bat species in Capanema, a town in the Amazon basin. Bats were collected, in 2011, with mist nets during the wet and dry seasons. Samples of brain tissue and blood were collected for virological and serological survey, respectively. None of the 153 brain tissue samples analyzed tested positive for RABV infection, but 50.34% (95% CI: 45.67-55.01%) of the serum samples analyzed were seropositive. Artibeus planirostris was the most common species, with a high percentage of seropositive individuals (52.46%, 95% CI: 52.31 52.60%). Statistically, equal proportions of seropositive results were obtained in the rainy and dry seasons (c2 = 0.057, d.f. = 1, p = 0.88). Significantly higher proportions of males (55.96%, 95% CI: 48.96-62.96%) and adults (52.37%, 95% CI: 47.35-57.39%) were seropositive. While none of the brain tissue samples tested positive for infection, the high proportion of seropositive specimens indicates that RABV may be widespread in this urban area.

Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted helminth which is prevalent in warm, moist, tropical and subtropical regions of the world with poor sanitation. Heavy whipworm can result either in Trichuris dysenteric syndrome - especially in children - or in a chronic colitis. In heavy infections, worms can spread proximally and may cause ileitis. Here we provide first microscopic evidence for a T. trichiura adult worm embedded in the rectum of a post-Colonial Brazilian adult mummy. During Colonial and post-Colonial times, many European chroniclers described a parasitic disease named Maculo whose symptomatology coincides with heavy helminthiasis. Based on our findings and on comparison of ancient textual evidence with modern description of heavy whipworm, we feel confident in considering that the two syndromes are expressions of the same pathological condition.

Background The Amazon as a whole is the largest reservoir of arboviruses worldwide, while the Brazilian Amazon hosts the largest variety of arboviruses isolated to date. In this study, the results of an indirect sandwich IgG ELISA, standardized for 19 arbovirustypes circulating among horses in Brazilian Amazon, were compared to results of the hemagglutination inhibition test. A screening test assessed the conditional probability distribution and a Pearson linear correlation test determined the correlation strength among the absorbance values recorded for viruses from the same family.Findings Sensitivity varied between 40.85 and 100%; the specificity was low and ranged from 39.71 to 67.0%; and the accuracy varied between 41 and 65.2%. The test developed in this study yielded a large number of serological cross-reactions.Conclusions The test can be employed to detect IgG antibodies within one arbovirus family; however, the hemagglutination test or other more specific techniques, such as the serum neutralization test in mice or the plaque-reduction neutralization test, are essential complementary methods for positive cases.

OBJETIVO: Comparar indicadores perinatais em hospital universitário de Belo Horizonte (MG). MÉTODOS: Foram comparados indicadores e resultados perinatais de nascidos vivos de partos únicos do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, em dois períodos, 1995-1998 e 2003-2006. Utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e teste t de Student com nível de significância de 5% e risco relativo com intervalo de confiança de 95% nas análises. As informações foram obtidas do banco de dados do Sistema Informático Perinatal (SIP)/Centro Latinoamericano de Perinatología (CLAP)/Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), do hospital e complementadas por consulta em prontuário. RESULTADOS: A média da idade das mães foi em torno de 26 anos. Verificou-se aumento médio de uma consulta de pré-natal, independentemente do peso ao nascer, e diminuição significativa dos partos cesáreos no segundo período. A idade gestacional média nos dois períodos foi de 38 semanas, com alta proporção de prematuros (17,0 e 16,7%, respectivamente). A proporção de recém-nascidos < 2.500 g foi alta nos dois períodos (17,6 e 16,6%, respectivamente), com redução na proporção dos pequenos para a idade gestacional. A mortalidade neonatal precoce, excluídos os defeitos congênitos, foi de 12,4 óbitos por 1.000 nascidos vivos no primeiro período, de 8,0 no segundo e reduziu significativamente para recém-nascidos com idade gestacional < 34 semanas. CONCLUSÕES: Diferenças importantes relativas a aspectos assistenciais e resultados perinatais foram detectadas e são compatíveis com melhoria global da saúde neonatal em 2003-2006. Entretanto, a persistência de eventos neonatais sensíveis à redução com uso de tecnologias perinatais disponíveis indica a necessidade de monitoramento da assistência perinatal para todos os grupos de recém-nascidos.

OBJECTIVE: To compare perinatal health indicators in a referral hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: Perinatal results and indicators of single live births in Hospital das Clínicas of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil, were compared for two periods, 1995-1998 and 2003-2006. The chi-square test and Student's t test were applied with 5% significance level and 95% confidence interval. Data were obtained from the Perinatal Information System (Sistema Informático Perinatal, SIP), Latin American Center for Perinatology (Centro Latinoamericano de Perinatología, CLAP), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Hospital das Clínicas, and from medical records. RESULTS: Mothers were approximately 26 years old on average. The number of prenatal appointments had an average increase of one appointment, regardless of birth weight, and there was a significant decrease in the number of caesarean deliveries in the second period. The average gestational age was 38 weeks in both periods, with a high rate of premature births (17.0 and 16.7%, respectively). The rate of newborns < 2,500 g was high in both periods (17.6 and 16.6%, respectively) with a decrease in the rate of newborns considered small for their gestational age. When congenital malformations were excluded, early neonatal mortality risk decreased from 12.4 per 1,000 live births in the first period to 8.0 per 1,000 live births in the second period, with considerable decrease for newborns with gestational age < 34 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Important differences were verified concerning health care assistance procedures and perinatal results, and they are compatible with the global improvement in neonatal health observed in the 2003-2006 period. However, the persistence of unfortunate neonatal incidents that can be reduced with the use of available perinatal technologies reveals the need for constant monitoring of perinatal hospital care for all groups of newborns.

Visando investigar a possível patogenicidade do vírus isolado (GOI 4191) de um evento adverso fatal pela vacinação antiamarílica, realizou-se um ensaio experimental em Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), usando-se a cepa vacinal 17DD como parâmetro. As amostras virais foram inoculadas por via intracerebral, intra-hepática e subcutânea. Nos soros foram determinados níveis de viremia, resposta imune e aminotransferases, e nas vísceras a presença de vírus, antígeno e lesões teciduais. Não se detectou viremia para as duas amostras, a resposta imune foi maior para GOI 4191, e as aminotransferases não apresentaram alterações compatíveis com danos hepáticos. Nos animais inoculados por via intracerebral o vírus foi recuperado somente a partir do cérebro, sendo o antígeno viral detectado, por imuno-histoquímica, no cérebro e fígado. Infiltrado inflamatório e corpúsculos acidófilos foram observados no fígado e lesões tipo encefalite viral no sistema nervoso central. Alterações histológicas e antígeno viral foram observados, também, no fígado dos animais infectados por via intra-hepática, e ausentes naqueles inoculados por via subcutânea. Os resultados foram similares para as duas amostras testadas, entretanto distintos daqueles relatados na literatura para cepas silvestres do vírus amarílico.

In order to investigate the pathogenicity of the virus strain GOI 4191 that was isolated from a fatal adverse event after yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination, an experimental assay using hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as animal model and YFV 17DD vaccine strain as virus reference was accomplished. The two virus strains were inoculated by intracerebral, intrahepatic and subcutaneous routes. The levels of viremia, antibody response, and aminotransferases were determined in sera; while virus, antigen and histopathological changes were determined in the viscera. No viremia was detected for either strain following infection; the immune response was demonstrated to be more effective to strain GOI 4191; and no significant aminotransferase levels alterations were detected. Strain GOI 4191 was recovered only from the brain of animals inoculated by the IC route. Viral antigens were detected in liver and brain by immunohistochemical assay. Histothological changes in the viscera were characterized by inflammatory infiltrate, hepatocellular necrosis, and viral encephalitis. Histological alterations and detection of viral antigen were observed in the liver of animals inoculated by the intrahepatic route. These findings were similar for both strains used in the experiment; however, significant differences were observed from those results previously reported for wild type YFV strains.

De junho a dezembro de 1999, foram coletadas 785 amostras de soro de pacientes com suspeita clínica de dengue e/ou febre amarela. Os pacientes foram atendidos nas unidades de saúde distribuídas pelas seis mesorregiões do Estado do Pará, Brasil. As amostras de soro foram testadas pelo método de inibição da hemaglutinação para detecção de anticorpos para Flavivirus e pelo ensaio imunoenzimático para detecção de imunoglobulina M para dengue e febre amarela. Das amostras coletadas, 563 (71,7%) foram positivas pelo IH, e dentre estas 150 (26,6%) foram positivas pelo ELISA-IgM. O vírus dengue foi responsável pela maioria das infecções recentes em todas as mesorregiões e os casos de febre amarela detectados neste estudo foram restritos às mesorregiões Marajó e Sudeste.

From June to December 1999, 785 serum samples were obtained from patients clinically suspected of having dengue or yellow fever. The patients were referred by public health centers distributed within the six mesoregions of Pará State, Brazil. Serum samples were tested for Flavivirus antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition test and for dengue and yellow fever viruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM detection. Of the sera collected, 563 (71.7%) were positive by HI test and out of these 150 (26.6%) were positive by ELISA-IgM. Dengue virus was responsible for most of the recent infections in all regions; yellow fever cases detected in the current study were restricted to the Marajó and Southeast regions.

RESUMEN Para evaluar los efectos del nuevo sistema de salud sobre la equidad en el acceso y la utilización de los servicios de salud, se compararon dos cortes transversales de la población antes de la Ley 100 de 1993 que creó el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud-SGSSS y después de la misma. Se evaluaron los cambios en la distribución de un indicador de equidad en el acceso a los servicios de salud: afiliación al SGSSS; adicionalmente, se compararon dos grupos de población en el corte de 1997, afiliados y no afiliados al SGSSS, con el fin de evaluar los cambios en la distribución de dos indicadores de equidad en la utilización de servicios: hospitalización y uso de servicios de salud en general. Los resultados obtenidos, revelan que entre 1993 y 1997, la cobertura del SGSSS aumentó del 23 % al 57 %. El aumento en la cobertura fue más dramático entre los segmentos más pobres de la población: en los hogares del primer decil de ingresos la cobertura aumentó del 3,1 % al 43,7 %, y el índice de concentración en la distribución de la afiliación al SGSSS se redujo a la mitad: del 0,34 a 0,17. En cambio, los indicadores de concentración correspondientes a la utilización de servicios variaron muy poco inclusive luego del ajuste hecho por edad, género y necesidades. Estos resultados sugieren un impacto positivo del SGSSS sobre las inequidades en el acceso, pero los efectos sobre las inequidades en la utilización de los servicios de salud no son claros.

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the effects of the new health system upon the equity to access and use of the health services, two cross sections of the population were compared: before Law 100 of 1993, which created the General System for Social Security in Health-SGSSS-, and after the law was passed. The changes in the distribution of an indicator of equity in access to health care services, the affiliation to the General System for Social Security in Health, were assessed. Additionally, two groups were compared in the 1997 cross section, affiliated and non-affiliated to the SGSSS, in order to assess the changes in the equity of use of hospital services and health care services in general. The results obtained show that between 1993 and 1997 the coverage of the SGSSS increased from 23% to 57%. This increase in coverage was more dramatic amongst the poorest sectors of the population: in the homes of people in the lowest tenth percentile of income the coverage increased from 3.1% to 43.7%, and the index of concentration of affiliation to the SGSSS decreased by half: from 0.34 to 0.17. By contrast, the indicators of concentration corresponding to the use of health services varied very little even after the adjustments by age, gender and needs. These results suggest a positive impact of the SGSSS on the inequities of access to health services, but the effects upon the inequities of use of health services are not clear.

No Brasil, os inquéritos sorológicos têm assinalado taxa de infecção pelo vírus do dengue de 25% a 56%, porém esses estudos foram realizados em populações de cidades de médio ou grande porte. No presente estudo, são descritas duas epidemias de febre clássica de dengue (DEN) no Estado da Bahia. A primeira, ocorrida em 1987 e causada pelo sorotipo DEN-1 em Ipupiara e, a segunda, causada pelo DEN-2, em Prado e que ocorreu em 1995. O diagnóstico laboratorial foi realizado utilizando o teste de inibição da hemaglutinação (IH). Em 1995, foram coletadas 461 amostras sorológicas de uma população de 3.868 habitantes em Ipupiara (região da Chapada Diamantina) e 228 de um total de 9.126 habitantes em Prado (Litoral Extremo Sul). A soro-positividade das amostras foi de 11,9% (55/461) em Ipupiara e 17,5% (40/228) em Prado. Não houve diferença, estatisticamente significante, quanto a idade e o gênero entre os indivíduos soro-positivos e negativos das duas cidades estudadas. Entretanto, em Ipupiara os soro-positivos (15,9% vs. 9,3%) relataram, mais freqüentemente (p < 0,03), residência ou viagens para outros Estados do Brasil. Com base nos dados, estimou-se a ocorrência de 460 e 1.597 casos da infecção em Ipupiara e Prado, respectivamente. Em conclusão, nas cidades de menor porte a dinâmica da infecção pelo vírus do dengue, provavelmente, tem características peculiares, porque nessas localidades a prevalência é menor em conseqüência das menores potencialidades de desenvolvimento do Aedes aegypti.

Serologic studies in Brazil have indicated a 25% to 56% prevalence of dengue virus infections. However, these studies were carried out in populations of middle-sized and larger cities. The present study describes two epidemics of classic dengue fever in two small cities in the State of Bahia. The first occurred in 1987, in Ipupiara and was caused by dengue serotype-1 (DEN-1), the second occurred in 1995, in Prado and was caused by dengue serotype-2 (DEN-2). The laboratory diagnosis was made by the hemagglutination-inhibitation test. 461 serum samples were collected in 1995 in Ipupiara (district of Chapada Diamantina) out of a population of 3,868 and 228 samples out of a total of 9,126 inhabitants of Prado (in the Southernmost coastal region). The seropositivity of the samples was 11.9% (55/461) in Ipupiara and 17.5% (40/228) in Prado. These were no statistically significant differences as to age and sex between seropositive and seronegative individuals of the two cities studied. However, the seropositive cases in Ipupiara indicated a higher percentage (15.9% vs. 9.3%) of residency in or travel to other states of Brazil (p<0.03). Based on these data we estimate the occurrence of 460 and 1,597 cases of infection in Ipupiara and Prado, respectively. In conclusion, dengue virus infections in smaller cities probably have singular characteristics, since they exhibit a lesser prevalence of seropositivity caused by decreased breeding possibilities of Aedes aegypti.

Nos anos de 1995 e 1996, ocorreu em São Luis uma epidemia de dengue (DEN), causada pelo sorotipo DEN1. Objetivando avaliar o impacto da mesma na população da grande São Luis (municípios de Paço do Lumiar - PL, São José de Ribamar - SJR e São Luis SL), realizamos um inquérito soro - epidemiológico aleatório, onde aplicamos um questionário. Os soros foram testados por inibição da hemaglutinação (IH), e os resultados, negativo e positivo (resposta primária - RP e resposta secundária - RS), foram analisados utilizando os "software's" Lotus 123, Epi-info 6.0, Excel 5.0 e STATA. Coletaram-se 1217 amostras, (101 de PL, 100 de SJR e 1016 de SL). A positividade foi: 55,4% em PL, 28% em SJR e 41,4% em SL. Destes, 505 (41,2%) amostras foram positivas sendo 96 RP (7,9%) e 405 RS (33,3%). Da amostra obtida, 508 soros (227 positivos) foram do sexo masculino e 709 (278 positivos) do feminino, não havendo diferença estatística significativa. Houve significância (p < 0,003) na estratificação de acordo com a renda, sendo mais freqüente nas populações com melhor nível sócio econômico. Estimou-se em 401.933 infecções causadas pelo vírus dengue. Os pacientes referiram febre, cefaléia, calefrios, tontura, astenia, dor retro ocular, mialgia, artralgia, náuseas, anorexia, prurido e exantema. Há uma grande população sensibilizada pelo DEN-1, suscetível a outro sorotipos o que aumenta o risco de dengue hemorrágico.

The Island of São Luis in the State of Maranhão, constituted by the municipalities of São Luis - SL (835,428 inhabitants), São José de Ribamar - SJR (60,633 inhabitants) and Paço do Lumiar - PL (80,274 inhabitants), has been suffering dengue (DEN) fever epidemics since 1995, caused by DEN-1. In 1996, from August through October, an aleatory sero-epidemiologic survey was carried out in order to estimate the incidence of DEN infection and to analyze other clinical and epidemiological parameters. A questionnaire was applied and serum samples were simultaneously obtained. Serum samples were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Results were analyzed using Lotus123, Epi-info 6.0, Excel 5.0 and STATA softwares. A total of 1,217 serum samples were obtained (101 of PL, 100 of SJR and 1017 of SL). The rate of DEN was 55.4% in PL, 28% in SJR and 41.4% in SL, suggesting the occurrence of 401,933 infections. No difference was seen between males and females, but infection occurred more in the upper social class than in poor people (p < 0.003), and was more frequent in adults than in children (p < 0.0004). In SL, the incidence was stratified into seven sanitary districts (SD), and prevalence was found to range from 26.1% in SD4 to 56.8% in SD1 (p < 0.0001). Symptoms were more frequently reported by people whose HI was positive: they included fever, headache, chills, dizziness, retrobulbar pains, muscle and joint pains, nausea, anorexia and skin rash. In spite of the high incidence of infection, no hemorrhagic cases were reported.

ABSTRACT This article resumes the author’s Ph.D. thesis main aspects and results. It presents an algorithm which enables one to measure sectorial mark-ups variations not using accounting data from firms. That instrument has the capability of discounting the impact of variations in relative prices and in productivity for inputs, from the variation of final prices of sector. The testing of the algorithm revealed a clear positive correlation between mark-up variations and degree of industrial concentration, higher and more significant in the recession period (1980-1983) than in the growth one (1977-1980). authors author s PhD Ph D Ph.D results markups mark ups firms inputs sector markup up concentration 19801983 1980 1983 (1980-1983 19771980. 19771980 1977 . (1977-1980) 1980198 198 (1980-198 1977198 197 (1977-1980 198019 19 (1980-19 197719 (1977-198 19801 1 (1980-1 19771 (1977-19 (1980- (1977-1 (1980 (1977- (198 (1977 (19 (197 (1 (

RESUMO Este artigo retoma o doutorado do autor. principais aspectos e resultados da tese. Apresenta um algoritmo que permite medir variações de marcações setoriais sem usar dados contábeis das firmas. Esse instrumento tem a capacidade de descontar o impacto das variações nos preços relativos e na produtividade dos insumos, a partir da variação dos preços finais do setor. O teste do algoritmo revelou uma clara correlação positiva entre variações de marcação e grau de concentração industrial, maior e mais significativo no período de recessão (1980-1983) do que no período de crescimento (1977-1980). autor tese firmas insumos setor industrial 19801983 1980 1983 (1980-1983 19771980. 19771980 1977 . (1977-1980) 1980198 198 (1980-198 1977198 197 (1977-1980 198019 19 (1980-19 197719 (1977-198 19801 1 (1980-1 19771 (1977-19 (1980- (1977-1 (1980 (1977- (198 (1977 (19 (197 (1 (