RESUMEN Antecedentes: En las últimas décadas ha habido un cambio considerable hacia un enfoque más conservador en el tratamiento del traumatismocerrado de abdomen, con énfasis en la preservación de la función de órganos; actualmente, el tratamiento no operatorio (TNO) se ha convertido en la técnica de manejo estándar en pacientes hemodinámicamente estables con lesiones de órgano sólido. Objetivo: Describir las variables clínicas asociadas a la tasa de éxito en una serie de pacientes con TNO de trauma abdominal cerrado con lesión de órganos sólidos. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, longitudinal, analítico entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2022, sobre pacientes admitidos con diagnóstico de traumatismo abdominal cerrado. Las variables evaluadas fueron: edad, sexo, estadía hospitalaria, complicaciones, requerimiento de transfusiones, tasa de éxito y mortalidad. Resultados: De 2590 pacientes ingresados por Guardia de Cirugía General, 24 pacientes se internaron con diagnóstico de traumatismo cerrado de abdomen. Fueron excluidos 15 pacientes por no cumplir con los criterios de inclusión. Los 9 pacientes seleccionados tuvieron un promedio de edad de 39 años (15-80) y 9 fueron varones. En el 36% presentaron lesiones esplénicas grados I-II, 27% presentó lesión renal grado II y el 18% restante con lesión hepática grado II. La tasa de éxito del tratamiento fue del 100% en nuestra serie sin evidenciar fallos en la terapéutica instaurada. Conclusión: Con los criterios empleados en TNO del traumatismo abdominal cerrado con lesión de órganos sólidos fue factible y permitió alcanzar una alta tasa de éxito, sin mortalidad.

ABSTRACT Background: In recent decades, there has been a significant shift toward a more conservative approach to the management of blunt abdominal trauma with an emphasis on preserving organ function; currently, non-operative management (NOM) has become the standard of care for hemodynamically stable patients with solid organ injury. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the different clinical variables associated with the success rate of NOM of blunt abdominal trauma with involving solid organs. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, longitudinal, and analytical study of patients admitted for blunt abdominal trauma between January 1, 2017, and December 1, 2022. The variables evaluated were age, sex, length of hospital stay, complications, transfusion requirements, success rate and mortality. Results: Between January 2017 and December 2022, of 2590 patients seen in the emergency department, 24 were admitted with a diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma. Fifteen patients did not meet the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the 9 patients included was 39 years (15-80 years) and 6 were men. Thirty-six percent had grade I and II splenic lesions, 27% had grade II renal lesions, and 18% had grade II hepatic lesions. The success rate of our series was 100% and there were no failures. Conclusion: The variables analyzed allowed us to affirm that NOM of blunt abdominal trauma with solid organ injury was feasible and allowed us to achieve a high success rate, without deaths.

Abstract Objective: To identify the perception of violence in dating relationships in nursing students of a public university in Minatitlán, Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, the sample consisted of 182 nursing students enrolled in a public university in Minatitlán, Veracruz, Mexico. The sampling was simple random. The Violence in Young Partner Relationships Questionnaire (VIREPA) was used, composed of 20 items with a Likert-type scale with 5 response options and sociodemographic questions. Results: 26.9% of the students indicated abuse in their past relationships and 3.8% indicated abuse in their current relationship. Differences between males and females were found in emotional abuse (z=-2.248, p=.004) and social and economic control (z=-2.681, p=.002) with higher data in males. Participant's age and partner's age was related to emotional, physical and psychological mistreatment and personal devaluation (p<.05). Conclusions: University nursing students, have perceived experiences of violence during their dating relationships, behavior that can go unnoticed by both the perpetrator and the victim, so it is considered relevant the design of violence prevention programs in university contexts, aimed at identifying violence and its impact on the student, which provides knowledge and opportunity to identify when they are living a violent situation within their dating relationships.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la percepción de violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo en estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad Pública de Minatitlán, Veracruz México. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional, la muestra fueron 182 estudiantes de enfermería inscritos en una universidad pública, de Minatitlán, Veracruz, México. El muestreo fue aleatorio simple. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Violencia en las Relaciones de Parejas jóvenes (VIREPA), integrado por 20 ítems con una escala tipo Likert con 5 opciones de respuesta y preguntas sociodemográficas. Resultados: El 26.9% de los estudiantes indicó maltrato en sus relaciones pasadas y 3.8% maltrato en su relación actual. Se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, en el maltrato emocional (z=-2.248, p=0.004) y el control social y económico (z=-2.681, p=0.002) con datos más elevados en los hombres. La edad del participante y la edad de la pareja se relacionó con el maltrato emocional, físico y psicológico y la desvalorización personal (p<0.05). Conclusiones: Los estudiantes universitarios de enfermería, han percibido experiencias de violencia durante sus relaciones de noviazgo, conducta que puede pasar desapercibida tanto para el perpetrador como para la víctima, por lo que se considera relevante el diseño de programas de prevención de la violencia en los contextos universitarios, dirigidos a identificar la violencia y su impacto en el estudiante, que aporte conocimiento y dé oportunidad para identificar cuando están viviendo una situación violenta dentro de sus relaciones de noviazgo.

Resumen Tanto la estabilidad como la inestabilidad cromosómica son importantes en la generación de genotipos útiles para el mejoramiento genético de plantas. En el género Haworthia el número cromosómico básico es 7, con cuatro cromosomas grandes y tres pequeños. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la estabilidad e inestabilidad de los cromosomas en tejidos desdiferenciados y rediferenciados de Haworthia bajo condiciones in vitro. Segmentos de hojas de H. marumiana var. batesiana, H. fasciata var. major y H. limifolia var. ubomboensis fueron cultivados en medio basal Eriksson suplementado con ácido naftalenacético (ANA) 2 mg L-1 + bencilaminopurina (BA) 1.0 mg L-1; ANA 5.0 mg L-1 + BA 1.0 mg L-1, o ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) 5.0 mg L-1 + cinetina 1.0 mg L-1. El análisis citogenético mostró mayor estabilidad cromosómica en células de raíces rediferenciadas cultivadas con 5.0 mg L-1 de ANA + 1.0 mg L-1 de BA al no mostrar variación del número (2n = 2x = 14) y morfología de cromosomas en H. marumiana var. batesiana y H. fasciata var. major. Las células de callo desdiferenciado tuvieron mayor variación del número y morfología de cromosomas en comparación con células de raíces rediferenciadas. La mayor inestabilidad se observó con 5.0 mg L-1 de 2,4-D + 1.0 mg L-1 de cinetina debido a la menor conservación del número diploide, generación de aneuploidía y poliploidía con números cromosómicos de 13, 15, 24, 26, 27 y 28, y cambios en la morfología de cromosomas de acrocéntricos a metacéntricos. La variación de las respuestas entre y dentro especies a los factores empleados (tipo y dosis de reguladores de crecimiento, fase de callo, mantenimiento de subcultivos) mostró que el genotipo juega un papel crucial en la conservación del número y morfología de los cromosomas, lo cual ofrece la oportunidad de realizar selección in vitro de genotipos clonales o de nuevas variantes para el mejoramiento genético de plantas.

Summary Both chromosomal stability and instability are important in generating genotypes useful for plant genetic improvement. In the genus Haworthia the basic chromosome number is 7, with four large chromosomes and three small. The aim of this study was to analyze the stability and instability of chromosomes in dedifferentiated and redifferentiated Haworthia tissues under in vitro conditions. Leaf segments of H. marumiana var. batesiana, H. fasciata var. major, and H. limifolia var. ubomboensis were cultured in Eriksson basal medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 2 mg L-1 + benzylaminopurine (BA) 1.0 mg L-1. NAA 5.0 mg L-1 + BA 1.0 mg L-1, or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 5.0 mg L-1 + kinetin 1.0 mg L-1. Cytogenetic analysis showed greater chromosomal stability in redifferentiated root cells cultured with 5.0 mg L-1 of NAA + 1.0 mg L-1 of BA, by showing no variation in chromosome number (2n = 2x =14) and morphology in H. marumiana var. batesiana and H. fasciata var. major. Dedifferentiated callus cells had greater variation in chromosome number and morphology compared to redifferentiated root cells. The highest instability was observed with 5.0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D + 1.0 mg L-1 of kinetin, due to the lower retention of diploid number, the generation of aneuploidy and polyploidy with chromosome numbers of 13, 15, 24, 26, 27 and 28, and changes in chromosome morphology from acrocentric to metacentric forms. The variation in responses between and within species to the factors used (type and dosage of growth regulators, callus phase, subculture maintenance) showed that genotype plays a crucial role in the conservation of chromosome number and morphology, offering the opportunity to perform in vitro selection of clonal genotypes or new variants for genetic improvement of plants.

RESUMO Objetivos: O objetivo desse trabalho consiste em analisar e descrever o perfil dos pacientes acometidos por traumatismos no complexo bucomaxilofacial tratados em um hospital, no norte do Piauí. Métodos: Foram avaliados os prontuários dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico pela Equipe de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Regional Chagas Rodrigues, desde o início do programa, compreendido entre julho de 2022 a outubro de 2023. Resultados: Observou-se que indivíduos do sexo masculino, na faixa etária dos 32 anos de idade, são os mais acometidos por traumas faciais, correspondendo a 80,68% dos casos, que houve uma predominância de injúrias no complexo órbito-zigomatico-maxilar (COZM), sendo responsável por 39,56% do total de fraturas deste estudo, tendo como principal fator etiológico os acidentes motociclísticos 76,14%, nesses casos, a conduta de tratamento mais realizada foi a Osteossíntese do Complexo Órbito-Zigomático-Maxilar (32,97%). Conclusão: Conclui-se que o trauma não deve ser visto apenas como uma complicação médica, mas também como um problema social e econômico, portanto torna-se necessário a criação, implementação de medidas de conscientização no trânsito e prevenção a respeito dos traumatismos faciais. Objetivos hospital Piauí Métodos Rodrigues programa 202 2023 Resultados Observouse Observou se masculino 3 idade faciais 8068 80 68 80,68 casos órbitozigomaticomaxilar órbito zigomatico maxilar COZM, COZM , (COZM) 3956 39 56 39,56 estudo 7614 76 14 76,14% ÓrbitoZigomáticoMaxilar Órbito Zigomático Maxilar 32,97%. 3297 32,97% . 97 (32,97%) Conclusão Concluise Conclui médica econômico tornase torna criação 20 806 8 6 80,6 (COZM 395 5 39,5 761 7 1 76,14 329 32,97 9 (32,97% 2 80, 39, 76,1 32,9 (32,97 76, 32, (32,9 (32, (32 (3 (

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this work is to analyze and describe the profile of patients affected by trauma to the oral and maxillofacial complex treated in a hospital in the north of Piauí. Methods: The medical records of patients undergoing surgical treatment by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Team of the Chagas Rodrigues Regional Hospital were evaluated, since the beginning of the program, between July 2022 and October 2023. Results: It was observed that male individuals in the 32-year-old age group are the most affected by facial trauma, corresponding to 80,68% of cases, with a predominance of injuries in the orbito-zygomatico-maxillary complex (OZMC), accounting for 39,56% of the total fractures in this study, with motorcycle accidents as the main etiological factor (76,14%), in these cases, the most common treatment procedure was osteosynthesis of the orbito-zygomatic-maxillary complex (32,97%). Conclusion: It is concluded that trauma should not only be seen as a medical complication, but also as a social and economic problem, therefore it is necessary to create and implement traffic awareness and prevention measures regarding facial trauma. Objective Piauí Methods evaluated program 202 2023 Results 32yearold yearold 32 year old 8068 80 68 80,68 cases orbitozygomaticomaxillary orbito zygomatico maxillary OZMC, OZMC , (OZMC) 3956 39 56 39,56 study 76,14%, 7614 76,14% 76 14 (76,14%) orbitozygomaticmaxillary zygomatic 32,97%. 3297 32,97% . 97 (32,97%) Conclusion complication problem 20 3 806 8 6 80,6 (OZMC 395 5 39,5 761 76,14 7 1 (76,14% 329 32,97 9 (32,97% 2 80, 39, 76,1 (76,14 32,9 (32,97 76, (76,1 32, (32,9 (76, (32, (76 (32 (7 (3 (

Abstract: Various Indigenous communities in Mexico establish their regulatory system according to their customs and traditions. In Chiapas, 27% of the population is Indigenous and has a high adolescent fertility rate. This study analyzes how customs and traditions influence unions and early pregnancies in specific contexts of rural and Indigenous communities. A descriptive qualitative research was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews with key informants who interact directly with the adolescent population. An inductive process determined analytical categories and emerging codes, forming matrices by type of informant. We interviewed 45 people (16 school staff members, 15 healthcare professionals and 14 civil society organizations leaders). The customs and traditions that characterizes these communities are linked to a traditional perception of gender relations, leading to the acceptance and promotion of unions and pregnancies at an early age. The analysis identified three situations that encourage early unions and pregnancy: clandestine dating and voluntary cohabitation without parental approval; clandestine dating and forced marital union/cohabitation agreed upon by the parents; structural and sexual violence (sale, exchange of daughters for merchandise or animals and/or rape). Adolescent pregnancy prevention strategies must address both the individual and the social and cultural context for a successful implementation.

Resumo: Diversas comunidades indígenas no México estabelecem seu sistema de leis com base em seus usos e costumes. Em Chiapas, 27% da população é indígena e apresenta alta taxa de fertilidade na adolescência. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como os usos e costumes influenciam as uniões e a gravidez precoce em contextos específicos de comunidades rurais e indígenas. Implementou-se um estudo qualitativo descritivo por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com informantes-chave que interagem diretamente com a população adolescente. Realizamos um processo indutivo para determinar categorias analíticas e códigos emergentes, formando matrizes por tipo de informante. Ao todo 45 pessoas (16 membros da equipe escolar, 15 prestadores de serviços de saúde e 14 líderes de organizações da sociedade civil) foram entrevistados. Os usos e costumes que caracterizam estas comunidades estão vinculadas a uma percepção tradicional das relações de gênero, o que leva à aceitação e promoção de uniões e gravidez em idade precoce. Foram identificadas três situações que incentivam uniões e gravidez precoces: namoro escondido e coabitação voluntária sem aprovação dos pais; namoro escondido e união/coabitação forçada pelos pais; violência estrutural e sexual (venda, troca de filhas por mercadorias ou animais e/ou estupro). Para garantir o sucesso na implementação de estratégias de prevenção da gravidez na adolescência tanto o contexto individual como o contexto social e cultural devem ser abrangidos.

Resumen: Diversas comunidades indígenas en México establecen su sistema de leyes con base en sus usos y costumbres. En Chiapas, el 27% de la población es indígena y presenta un alto índice de fecundidad en la adolescencia. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo los usos y costumbres influyen en las uniones y el embarazo temprano en contextos específicos de comunidades rurales e indígenas. Se implementó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves que interactúan directamente con la población adolescente. Realizamos un proceso inductivo para determinar categorías analíticas y códigos emergentes, formando matrices por tipo de informante. En total, se entrevistó a 45 personas (16 miembros del personal escolar, 15 proveedores de servicios de salud y 14 líderes de organizaciones de la sociedad civil). Las usos y costumbres que caracterizan a estas comunidades están relacionadas con una percepción tradicional de las relaciones de género, lo que conduce a la aceptación y promoción de las uniones y el embarazo a edades tempranas. Se identificaron tres situaciones que favorecen las uniones tempranas y el embarazo precoz: noviazgo escondido y convivencia voluntaria sin aprobación de los padres; noviazgo escondido y unión/cohabitación forzada por los padres; violencia estructural y sexual (venta, intercambio de hijas por mercancías o animales y violación). Para asegurar el éxito en la implementación de estrategias de prevención del embarazo en adolescentes, se debe abarcar tanto el contexto individual como el social y cultural.

Abstract The work in university students is of special interest for study due to the high percentage of students who combine work and school, and understanding the impact it has on their academic development is relevant for Higher Education institutions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of combining work with university studies on academic performance through correlational research with a quantitative approach, in which the digital survey was used as a technique, and the analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistical tools, the sample consisted of 305 students from a population of 1,358 from the Instituto Tecnológico José Mario Molina Pasquel y Henríquez, Campus Puerto Vallarta. The results indicate that employment has a negative impact on academic performance; students who only study have a lower failure rate and better academic results.

Resumen La investigación en torno a las ocupaciones académicas y laborales de estudiantes universitarios resulta de especial interés debido al alto porcentaje de alumnos que deben estudiar y al mismo tiempo trabajar. Por tanto, en este trabajo se analizó la influencia que ejerce combinar trabajo con estudios universitarios en el desempeño académico mediante una investigación correlacional y con un enfoque cuantitativo. Para ello, se utilizó como técnica la encuesta digital, y el análisis se hizo con herramientas de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. La muestra estuvo conformada por 305 estudiantes de una población de 1358 del Instituto Tecnológico José Mario Molina Pasquel y Henríquez, campus Puerto Vallarta. Los resultados indican que el empleo tiene un impacto negativo en el desempeño académico, pues los universitarios que solo estudian tienen menor índice de reprobación y mejores resultados académicos.

Resumo A investigação sobre as ocupações académicas e laborais dos estudantes universitários é de especial interesse devido à elevada percentagem de estudantes que devem estudar e trabalhar ao mesmo tempo. Portanto, neste trabalho foi analisada a influência da combinação do trabalho com os estudos universitários no desempenho acadêmico por meio de pesquisa correlacional e abordagem quantitativa. Para isso, utilizou-se como técnica o levantamento digital, e a análise foi feita com ferramentas de estatística descritiva e inferencial. A amostra foi composta por 305 estudantes de uma população de 1.358 habitantes do Instituto Tecnológico José Mario Molina Pasquel y Henríquez, campus Puerto Vallarta. Os resultados indicam que o emprego tem um impacto negativo no desempenho académico, uma vez que os estudantes universitários que apenas estudam apresentam menor taxa de reprovação e melhores resultados académicos.

Resumen Introducción: El cáncer cervicouterino inicia con una lesión precancerosa llamada displasia, que puede ser de bajo grado o alto grado; uno de los factores más importantes en este sentido es la edad de inicio de la vida sexual activa (IVSA). Objetivo: Conocer si existe asociación entre la edad de inicio de la vida sexual activa y la lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado (LIEAG). Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional, en 52 expedientes de mujeres de 15 a 60 años, con Papanicolaou en el Hospital General de Zona con Medicina Familiar (HGZ MF) No. 1, previa autorización del CLIS 301 y el CEI 3018, con folio R-2022-301-021. Se recolectaron los datos de expedientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión; se realizó un análisis estadístico con frecuencias, porcentajes para variables cualitativas nominales, con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión en variables cuantitativas, con determinación de chi2 y prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, respetándose los principios de Belmont en consideración a la Justicia y Beneficencia, los principios éticos de la Declaración de Helsinki 1964 y la Ley General de Salud en México. Resultados: Al evaluar 52 expedientes de pacientes, la edad fue de 37.81 ± 9.949 años; se encontró asociación entre el IVSA y la LIEAG, sin significación estadística, de acuerdo con la prueba de chi2, con un valor de p = 0.538 (IC 95%: 0.403-0.674), y una asociación significativa por la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis entre la LIEAG y la edad de la paciente, con un valor de p = 0.019 (IC 95%: 0.000-0.057). Conclusión: El IVSA no se correlaciona con el tipo de LIEAG.

Abstract Introduction: Cervical cancer begins with a precancerous lesion called dysplasia, which can be low grade or high grade. One of the most important factors is the age at which an active sexual life begins. Objective: To know if there is an association between the age of beginning of active sexual life (BASL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIEL). Material and methods: Descriptive, retrospective, observational study, in 52 files of women aged 15 to 60 years with Pap smear at HGZ MF No. 1, prior authorization from CLIS 301 and CEI 3018 with folio R-2022-301-021. Data were collected from files that met the inclusion criteria, a statistical analysis was carried out with frequencies, percentages for nominal qualitative variables, with measures of central tendency and dispersion in quantitative variables, with determination of chi2 and Kruskal-Wallis, respecting the principles of Belmont in consideration of Justice and Beneficence, the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki 1964, the General Health Law in México. Results: When evaluating 52 patient records, the age was 37.81 ± 9.949 years, the association of BASL and HGSIEL was found without statistical significance according to the chi2 with a p = 0.538 (95% CI, 0.403-0.674) and a significant association by Kruskal-Wallis between HGSIEL and patient age, with p = 0.019 (95% CI, 0.000-0.057). Conclusion: The beginning of an active sexual life has no association with the type of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Introduction: Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by the ingestion of and contact with gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Dyspeptic syndrome, on the other hand, is characterized by chronic upper digestive symptoms. The relationship between these two conditions is the main focus of this review. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of celiac disease in patients with dyspeptic syndrome based on the analysis of epidemiological characteristics, upper digestive endoscopy, duodenal histology and serology. Method: Narrative review carried out with information published on virtual platforms in Portuguese and English and analyzed during the period from January 2022 to August 2023. The material for reading and analysis was selected from the SciELO platforms – Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus using the following terms: “dyspepsia, celiac disease, gluten, prevalence” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Afterwards, the full texts were read, including 18 articles. Results: In dyspeptic patients, the average age was 45.13 years and the female gender was predominant. Symptoms associated with gluten were reported in 6%. The antitransglutaminase antibody was positive, with an estimated prevalence of 1.5%. Considering the Brazilian sample of 100 patients, the diagnosis of celiac disease was made with a prevalence of 3%. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of celiac disease in dyspeptic patients may be higher than in the general population, results are variable and depend on several factors, including testing methodologies and regional characteristics. This review also highlights the importance of an individualized approach in the investigation of celiac disease in dyspeptic patients, considering aspects such as family history, gluten-related symptoms and autoimmune comorbidities.

Introdução: A doença celíaca é uma condição autoimune desencadeada pela ingestão e/ou contato com o glúten em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos. A síndrome dispéptica, por outro lado, é caracterizada por sintomas digestivos superiores crônicos. A relação entre estas duas condições é o foco principal deste estudo. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência da doença celíaca em pacientes com síndrome dispéptica com base da análise de características epidemiológicas, endoscopia digestiva alta, histologia duodenal e sorologia. Método: Revisão narrativa feita com informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais em português e inglês, e analisada durante o período de janeiro de 2022 a novembro de 2023. O material para leitura e análise foi selecionado das plataformas SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus utilizando os seguintes termos: “dispepsia, doença celíaca, glúten, prevalência” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Após, foi realizada a leitura da íntegra dos textos incluindo 18 artigos. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes com dispepsia foi de 45,13 anos e o sexo feminino foi predominante. Os sintomas associados ao glúten foram relatados em 6%. O anticorpo antitransglutaminase foi positivo com prevalência estimada de 1,5%.&nbsp; Considerando a amostra brasileira de 100 pacientes, o diagnóstico de doença celíaca foi prevalente em 3%. Conclusão: Embora a prevalência de doença celíaca em pacientes dispépticos possa ser maior do que na população em geral, os resultados são variáveis e dependem de vários fatores, incluindo metodologias de teste e características regionais. Esta revisão também ressalta a importância de abordagem individualizada na investigação da doença celíaca em pacientes dispépticos, considerando aspectos como história familiar, sintomas relacionados ao glúten e comorbidades autoimunes.

Resumen El objetivo del artículo es recuperar experiencias del profesorado de escuelas primarias ubicadas en Chiapas, México, en la planeación y ejecución de acciones educativas que respondan a problemas que enfrentan y definir las rutas a seguir en la construcción de aprendizajes significativos para sus estudiantes y las comunidades en la que están insertos. Los resultados proceden de una investigación cualitativa participativa en la que colaboraron 386 profesores, entre marzo de 2017 y enero de 2020, involucrados en talleres, grupos de discusión, encuestas, entrevistas y observaciones in situ. Mediante reflexión-acción diseñaron estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje agrupadas en cuatro categorías emergentes (formación docente, contexto multilingüe, vínculo escuela-comunidad y currículo desacoplado), que evidencian la necesidad de adecuar el currículo oficial a las condiciones regionales de las escuelas. El artículo devela la importancia del pensamiento práctico del profesorado para generar aprendizajes en contextos escolares marcados por la diversidad lingüística, la precariedad económica y la existencia de conflictos sociales de diversa índole que, sumados a la imposición del currículo estandarizado nacional, dificultan la tarea educativa. El proceso de investigación muestra que la construcción de currículos regionales es un proceso pausado y dificultado porque rompe modelos predominantes de formación y evaluación del profesorado.

Abstract This paper aims to recover the experiences of elementary school teachers from Chiapas, Mexico, in the planning and execution of educational actions that respond to issues they face and in defining the routes to follow in the construction of meaningful learning for their students and the communities in which they are embedded. The results come from participatory qualitative research in which 386 teachers collaborated between March 2017 and January 2020. The authors gathered information from workshops, discussion groups, surveys, interviews, and on-site observations. Through a process of reflection-action, the authors designed teaching and learning strategies grouped into four emerging categories (teacher training, multilingual context, school-community links, and uncoupled curricula) that show the need to adapt the official curriculum to the regional conditions and needs of the schools. The paper reveals the importance of teachers' practical thinking to generate learning in school contexts marked by linguistic diversity, economic precariousness, and various social conflicts that, added to the imposition of the nationally standardized curriculum, hinder the educational task. The research process shows that the construction of regional curricula is a slow process that presents many difficulties because it breaks with the prevailing models of teacher training and evaluation.

RESUMO: A pulorose é descrita mundialmente e é causada por Salmonella enterica subespécie enterica sorovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum). A infecção por S. Pullorum é importante em aves comerciais, provocando doença sistêmica com altas taxas de mortalidade. Sua ocorrência requer notificação e quando diagnosticada em aves de criação comercial resulta na erradicação do plantel. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um surto grave de pulorose em filhotes de galinhas-d’Angola (Numida meleagris), resultando em 100% de mortalidade das aves (n=290) nas primeiras duas semanas de idade. Os pintinhos recebidos tinham hepato, espleno e nefromegalia (5/5). Os tecidos dos cinco indivíduos recebidos foram submetidos a exame histológico e bacteriológico. Na histopatologia, foram observados nódulos paratifoides aleatórios caracterizados por áreas de necrose com fibrina e infiltrado moderado de macrófagos e heterófilos no fígado. Nos rins, foram observadas áreas discretas de necrose associadas a infiltrados multifocais moderados de linfócitos e plasmócitos. No baço, foi observado infiltrado moderado de macrófagos. O isolamento de colônias sugestivas de S. Pullorum de fígados e baços foi realizado em ágares seletivos e, após testes bioquímicos, confirmado por duplex-PCR específico. A susceptibilidade antimicrobiana da cepa isolada revelou resistência apenas ao sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim entre os antimicrobianos testados. O isolado de S. Pullorum recuperado no presente estudo foi altamente patogênico para N. meleagris e pode representar um risco para outras espécies de aves, incluindo aves industriais. RESUMO S (S Pullorum. . Pullorum) comerciais plantel galinhasdAngola galinhas d Angola Numida meleagris, , meleagris) 100 n=290 n290 n 290 (n=290 idade hepato 5/5. 55 5/5 5 (5/5) bacteriológico histopatologia fígado rins plasmócitos baço bioquímicos duplexPCR duplex PCR específico testados N industriais 10 n=29 n29 29 (n=29 5/ (5/5 1 n=2 n2 2 (n=2 (5/ n= (n= (5 (n (

ABSTRACT: Pullorum disease is described worldwide and is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum). S. Pullorum infection is important in commercial poultry, provoking a systemic disease with high mortality rates. Its occurrence requires notification, and when it is diagnosed in commercial breeding flocks, its eradication is demanded. The aim of this study was to report a severe outbreak of Pullorum disease in young Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), resulting in 100% mortality of keets (n=290) within the first two weeks of age. All examined keets had enlarged liver, kidneys and spleen (5/5), and the affected tissues were submitted to histological and bacteriological examination. On histopathology, random paratyphoid nodules characterized by areas of necrosis with fibrin and a moderate infiltrate of macrophages and heterophils were observed in the liver. In kidneys, discrete areas of necrosis associated with moderate multifocal infiltrates of lymphocytes, and plasma cells were observed. In the spleen, a moderate infiltrate of macrophages was noticed. Isolation of colonies suggestive of S. Pullorum from liver and spleen was performed in selective agars and, after biochemical tests, confirmed by specific duplex-PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolated strain revealed resistance to only sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim among the tested antimicrobials. The S. Pullorum isolate recovered in the present study was highly pathogenic to N. meleagris and may represent a risk to other avian species, including industrial poultry. ABSTRACT S (S Pullorum. . Pullorum) poultry rates notification flocks demanded Numida meleagris, , meleagris) 100 n=290 n290 n 290 (n=290 age 5/5, 55 5/5 5 (5/5) examination histopathology lymphocytes noticed tests duplexPCR. duplexPCR duplex PCR. PCR duplex-PCR antimicrobials N species 10 n=29 n29 29 (n=29 5/ (5/5 1 n=2 n2 2 (n=2 (5/ n= (n= (5 (n (

ABSTRACT Introduction: The mammary glands are organs that during the different stages of life in women undergo modifications, where the processes of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis are involved, under hormonal control. However, once these hormonal influences cease, changes occur that lead to the involution of said organ. Objective: To determine the shape factor, perimeter, area and volume of the nuclei of glandular epithelial cells. Methods: To characterize healthy mammary glands in women aged 60 years and older, a case series study was conducted on 14 deceased women who had no benign or malignant lesions of the organ. All examined by the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Provincial Hospital V.I. Lenin in Holguín, in the period between September, 2018 - September, 2019. For a better assessment, the study sample was divided into two age groups: from 60 to 75 years of age; age and older than 75 years. Results: Both the shape factor and the perimeter, area and volume of the nuclei of the epithelial cells of the mammary ducts are lower in women older than 75 years. Conclusions: There are notable differences in the morphometric indicators studied. Epithelial cell nuclei are affected with age, which corresponds to the low metabolic activity of mammary epithelial cells at this stage of life.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las glándulas mamarias son órganos que durante las diferentes etapas de la vida en la mujer sufren modificaciones, donde se involucran los procesos de proliferación, diferenciación y apoptosis, bajo el control hormonal. Sin embargo, una vez que cesan dichas influencias hormonales ocurren cambios que llevan a la involución de dicho órgano. Objetivo: Caracterizar el factor de forma, perímetro, área y volumen de los núcleos de las células epiteliales glandulares mamarias. Métodos: Para caracterizar las glándulas mamarias sanas en mujeres de 60 años y más, se realizó un estudio de serie de casos en 14 mujeres fallecidas que no tenían lesiones benignas o malignas del órgano. Todas examinadas por el departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Provincial Vladimir Ilich Lenin en Holguín, en el período comprendido de septiembre 2018 a septiembre 2019. Para mejor valoración, la muestra de estudio se dividió en dos grupos de edades: de 60-75 años de edad y mayores de 75 años. Resultados: Tanto el factor de forma como el perímetro, área y volumen de los núcleos de las células epiteliales de los conductos mamarios son menores en las mujeres mayores de 75 años. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias notables en los indicadores morfométricos estudiados en ambos grupos de edades. Específicamente el tamaño y la forma de los núcleos de células epiteliales se ven afectados con la edad, lo cual se corresponde con la baja actividad metabólica de las células epiteliales mamarias en esta etapa de la vida.

Abstract B. palustris Heering (Asteraceae), has been previously characterized as having an unusual essential oil composition with C9-/C10-polyacetylenes as main components, and mono- and sesqui-terpenes/terpenoids at minor or trace levels. In this work, new insights into the chemical composition of this oil are presented: 1. TLC profiles using different visualization reagents for their characterization, 2. chemical analyses combining HRGC/qMS, HRGC/HRMS-TOF and HRGCxHRGC/HRMS-TOF, and 3. radical scavenging activity assay using the DPPH methodology were performed. The best TLC visualization conditions for the polyacetylenic components of the oil were obtaining using UVλ= 365 nm and vanillin/H3PO4, while the original application of NaDi (1-naphtol + N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine) demonstrated to be the best option to visualize the lachnophyllum acid methyl esters fraction. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry protocols allowed the detection of 63 components in B. palustris oil: 39 of them were identified, 6 tentatively assigned without LRI information, and 18 could not be identified. Most of the identified components were mono- and sesquiterpenes and their derivatives. Ten of them are informed for the first time in B. palustris oil [α-pinene epoxide, rosefuran, epi-cubebol, cubebol, germacrene D-4-ol, junenol, epi-α-cadinol, epi-α-muurolol, germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1-β-ol and oplopanone]. C9-/C10-polyacetylenes (baccharisdyine/lachnophyllum acid derivatives) were confirmed as the main components of the oil, while other polyacetylenes were tentatively identified and their possible structures are discussed. The deconvolution analyses on HRGCxHRGC/HRMS-TOF allowed the identification of a lachnophyllum lactone isomer (undefined stereochemistry), co-eluting with the (cis)-lachnophyllum acid methyl ester peak. Finally, B. palustris oil was found to be an inactive DPPH radical scavenger. B Asteraceae, Asteraceae , (Asteraceae) C9/C10polyacetylenes C9C10polyacetylenes CCpolyacetylenes C9 /C10 C10 C mono sesquiterpenes/terpenoids sesquiterpenesterpenoids sesqui terpenes/terpenoids terpenes terpenoids levels work presented 1 characterization 2 HRGCqMS HRGC qMS HRGC/qMS HRGC/HRMSTOF HRGCHRMSTOF HRGC/HRMS TOF HRMS HRGCxHRGC/HRMSTOF, HRGCxHRGCHRMSTOF HRGCxHRGC/HRMS TOF, HRGCxHRGC 3 performed UVλ 36 vanillinH3PO4 vanillinHPO vanillin H3PO4 H PO vanillin/H3PO4 1naphtol naphtol N,Ndimethylpphenylendiamine NNdimethylpphenylendiamine N,N dimethyl p phenylendiamine N N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine fraction chromatographymass chromatography mass information derivatives αpinene α pinene epoxide rosefuran epicubebol, epicubebol epi cubebol epi-cubebol D4ol, D4ol Dol D 4 ol, ol D-4-ol junenol epiαcadinol, epiαcadinol cadinol, cadinol epi-α-cadinol epiαmuurolol, epiαmuurolol muurolol, muurolol epi-α-muurolol germacra415,5,1014trien1βol germacra41551014trien1βol germacratrienβol germacra 15 ,5,10 14 trien β 5 10 oplopanone. oplopanone . oplopanone] baccharisdyine/lachnophyllum baccharisdyinelachnophyllum baccharisdyine discussed HRGCxHRGC/HRMSTOF undefined stereochemistry, stereochemistry stereochemistry) coeluting co eluting cislachnophyllum cis peak Finally scavenger (Asteraceae C10polyacetylenes /C1 C1 terpenesterpenoids HRMSTOF HRGCHRMS HRGCxHRGCHRMS vanillinH vanillinH3PO HPO H3PO vanillin/H3PO Ndimethylpphenylendiamine NN germacra415 1014trien1βol βol 510 ,5,1 Cpolyacetylenes /C germacra41 trienβol 51 ,5, germacra4 ,5

Abstract In the present paper, we test the benefit of a higher presence of women on the board of directors or the senior management in Mexican exchange-traded companies. To perform our tests, we used panel data regressions with data from 2011 to 2019 (measuring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemics). We used the historic profitability (ROE), the general and pillar ESG scores, and the percentages of women in senior management and the board of directors. We found a positive and significant relationship between profitability and governance score and women's participation in senior management. We found that for each 1% increase in women's participation in senior management, the ROE increases by 0.27%.

Resumen En el presente trabajo se revisa el beneficio que tiene el hecho de que exista una mayor participación de la mujer tanto en consejo de administración como en la alta dirección de las empresas que cotizan en la bolsa mexicana de valores. Se realizaron modelos de regresión, con datos panel anuales del año 2011 al 2020 (midiendo por partes el efecto de la pandemia por COVID-19), para estimar la relación participación de la mujer-rentabilidad. Esto se hizo con información histórica de las empresas cuyas acciones son o han sido miembro del índice de precios y cotizaciones (IPC), utilizando las variables rentabilidad (ROE), calificación ESG, calificaciones por pilares de ESG, el porcentaje de mujeres en el consejo de administración y el porcentaje de mujeres en la alta dirección. Los resultados muestran que existe una relación positiva y significativa de la rentabilidad con la calificación de gobierno corporativo y la participación de la mujer en la alta dirección. Por cada 1% adicional de participación de mujeres en la alta dirección, se incrementa el ROE en un 0.27%.

Resumen Antecedentes: la leptina y la adiponectina se asocian con enfermedad cardiovascular en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y podrían ser factores pronósticos útiles. Objetivos: explorar la utilidad del cociente leptina/adiponectina (LAR) para predecir la presencia o empeoramiento de la dislipidemia durante 1 año de seguimiento en niños que reciben terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR). Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes pediátricos con TRR de entre 8 y 17 años que estaban en hemodiálisis o diálisis peritoneal. Al inicio del estudio se determinaron el perfil lipídico, los niveles de adiponectina y leptina, y las mediciones somatométricas, incluido el porcentaje de grasa corporal. En el seguimiento de un año, se reevaluó el perfil de lípidos. Resultados: de los 70 pacientes incluidos, la mediana de edad fue de 13 años y no hubo predominio de sexo (52,8 % de varones). Al final del seguimiento, los pacientes se dividieron en tres grupos: aquellos sin dislipidemia (SD), aquellos que desarrollaron o experimentaron un empeoramiento de su dislipidemia (ED) y aquellos con dislipidemia persistente (PD). Un LAR > 0,85 (OR: 16,7) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (OR: 1,46) se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de ED y PD a los 12 meses, independientemente del nivel de urea, la puntuación Z del IMC, el tratamiento con benzafibrato, el tiempo de progresión de la ERC y el tratamiento de reemplazo. Conclusiones: un LAR > 0,85 y el porcentaje de grasa corporal al inicio del seguimiento se asociaron fuertemente con la presencia, persistencia o empeoramiento de la dislipidemia a los 12 meses de seguimiento en niños con TRR.

Abstract Background: leptin and adiponectin are associated with cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and could be useful prognostic factors. Objectives: to explore the usefulness of the leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) to predict the presence or worsening of dyslipidemia during 1 year of follow-up in children receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Material and methods: a prospective cohort study was performed. Pediatric KRT patients aged between 8 and 17 years who were undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis were included. At enrollment, the lipid profile, adiponectin and leptin levels, and somatometric measurements, including body fat percentage, were determined. At the one-year follow-up, the lipid profile was reassessed. Results: of the 70 patients included, the median age was 13 years, and there was no sex predominance (52.8 % males). At the end of follow-up, the patients were divided into three groups: those without dyslipidemia (WOD), those who developed or experienced worsening of their dyslipidemia (DWD) and those with persistent dyslipidemia (PD). A LAR > 0.85 (OR, 16.7) and body fat percentage (OR, 1.46) were associated with an increased risk of PD and DWD at 12 months, independently of urea level, BMI Z-score, benzafibrate treatment, CKD progression time, and replacement treatment. Conclusions: a LAR > 0.85 and fat body percentage at the beginning of follow-up were strongly associated with the presence, persistence or worsening of dyslipidemia at the 12-month follow-up in children with KRT.

RESUMEN Introducción: la dexametasona es un medicamento que demostró una disminución de la mortalidad en la neumonía por SARS-CoV-2. Se desconoce la utilidad de otros corticoides, dosis y su duración para mejorar este resultado clínico. Objetivo: comparar la mortalidad de los pacientes adultos con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 tratados con dexametasona versus metilprednisolona en el Hospital Nacional, Itauguá, Paraguay. Materiales y métodos: estudio ambispectivo. Se incluyeron 97 pacientes, 52 recibieron dexametasona y 45 metilprednisolona. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Las variables fueron sometidas a estadística descriptiva y analítica. El protocolo fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Hospital Nacional. Los autores no presentan conflictos de interés. Resultados: todos los pacientes ingresaron con neumonía con valoración de 4 (OMS). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la mortalidad entre ambos grupos. Al aplicar un análisis estratificado por edad, en los pacientes <65 años la mortalidad en los que recibieron dexametasona fue 15,8% mientras que los que recibieron metilprednisolona no fallecieron (p 0,03). En el grupo de ≥65 años la mortalidad n los recibieron dexametasona fue 29,4% vs. 21,4% en los que recibieron metilprednisolona (p 0,7). Conclusiones: en los pacientes <65 años tratados con dexametasona la mortalidad fue mucho más alta que en los que recibieron metilprednisolona, ya que en este último grupo no se registraron fallecimientos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dexamethasone is a medication that demonstrated a decrease in mortality in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The usefulness of other corticosteroids, dose and their duration to improve this clinical result is unknown. Objective: To compare the mortality of adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with dexamethasone versus methylprednisolone at the Hospital Nacional of Itauguá, Paraguay. Materials and Methods: Ambispective study. Ninety seven patients were included, 52 received dexamethasone and 45 methylprednisolone. A non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases was used. The variables were subjected to descriptive and analytical statistics. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Nacional. The authors do not present conflicts of interest. Results: All patients entered with 4 (WHO) vaulting pneumonia. No significant differences were found in mortality between both groups. When applying an age stratified analysis, in patients <65 years who received dexamethasone the mortality was 15.8% while those who received methylprednisolone did not die (p 0.03). In the ≥65 years group, mortality in those who received dexamethasone was 29.4% vs. 21.4% in those who received methylprednisolone (p 0.7). Conclusions: In patients <65 years treated with dexamethasone, mortality was much higher than in those who received methylprednisolone, since in the latter group no deaths were recorded.