Resumen El arroz (Oryza sativa L.) es una planta herbácea, cultivada en una amplia variedad de regiones y climas. En nuestro país la producción se concentra en el Litoral. Como “arroz blanco”, es una fuente primordial en la alimentación para gran parte de la población mundial. Además, puede ser consumido como integral y es materia prima para una amplia gama de productos industrializados. En el presente estudio se trabajó con muestras de arroz pulido de líneas promisorias del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Corrientes, correspondientes a cinco campañas, desde el 2016 al 2021 más nueve muestras codificadas de la campaña 2021. En los ensayos realizados se compararon cinco atributos de calidad culinaria: tiempo de gelatinización, absorción aparente de agua, relación de expansión, peso de mil granos y temperatura de gelatinización. Las técnicas utilizadas son simples, amigables con el medio ambiente y de bajo costo. Mediante el análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos (Análisis Clúster) utilizando Software R (GUI RStudio 2022.02.3+492 "Prairie Trillium" Release), se pudo analizar el comportamiento individual y establecer las comparaciones del conjunto de variables previamente estudiadas para cada campaña y las nueve muestras codificadas recibidas para su clasificación. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en todas las variables de estudio con valores de p<0,05.

Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an herbaceous plant, cultivated in a wide variety of regions and climates. In our country, its production is concentrated on the littoral. As white rice, it is a primary source of food for most of the world population. In addition, it can be consumed as integral rice and is the raw material for a wide range of industrialized products. In the present study, we worked with samples of polished rice from promising lines provided by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Agricultural Experiment Station Corrientes (INTA-EAA), corresponding to five campaigns from 2016 to 2021, plus nine coded samples from the 2021 campaign. In the tests carried out, five culinary quality attributes were compared: gelatinization time, apparent water absorption, expansion ratio, weight of a thousand grain and gelatinization temperature. The techniques used are simple, friendly to the environment and low cost. Through the analysis of hierarchical conglomerates (or Cluster Analysis) using Software R (GUI RStudio 2022.02.3+492 "Prairie Trillium" Release), it was possible to analyze individual behavior and establish comparisons between the set of variables previously studied for each campaign and classify the nine coded samples received. Significant differences were found in the variables studied, with p<0.05 values.

RESUMEN Los docentes de las escuelas pedagógicas de la especialidad Maestro Primario que imparten las asignaturas de las Didácticas Particulares, necesitan prepararse sistemáticamente para desarrollar la habilidad profesional pedagógica dirigir el proceso educativo en general y el de enseñanza-aprendizaje en particular, por lo que conciben la práctica laboral de cada año en una secuencia lógica, sistémica y como nodo interdisciplinario. La preparación se enmarca en el Consejo Técnico a nueve docentes responsables de asignaturas. Dada la insuficiente formación didáctica que poseen, porque proceden de diversos planes y modalidades de titulación, se potencian los objetivos gradados desde el primer al cuarto año de la especialidad. El contenido se sistematiza con el empleo de métodos del nivel teórico. Es propósito de este artículo ofrecer las consideraciones que sustentan la definición de formación didáctica continua, los requerimientos de la misma, la concepción de la práctica laboral de los estudiantes de las escuelas pedagógicas como nodo interdisciplinario y las potencialidades del trabajo metodológico a través del Consejo Técnico y las visitas a clases a los docentes de las escuelas pedagógicas de la especialidad Maestro Primario.

ABSTRACT The teachers of the pedagogical schools of the Primary Teacher specialty that teach the subjects of the Private Didactics, need to be systematically prepared to develop the pedagogical professional ability to direct the educational process in general and the teaching-learning process in particular, for which they conceive the practice work of each year in a logical, systemic sequence and as an interdisciplinary node. The preparation is part of the Technical Council to nine teachers responsible for subjects. Given the insufficient didactic training that they have, because they come from different plans and modalities of degree, the graduated objectives are promoted from the first to the fourth year of the specialty. The content is systematized with the use of theoretical level methods. It is the purpose of this article to offer the considerations that support the definition of continuous didactic training, its requirements, the conception of the work practice of students of pedagogical schools as an interdisciplinary node and the potential of methodological work through the Technical Council and class visits to teachers of the pedagogical schools of the Primary Teacher specialty.

Abstract Both root canal sealer-based and supplementary protocols may influence removal of filling material during endodontic retreatment. Mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars were prepared using HyFlex EDM 25/.08, and filled with a calcium silicate sealer (Bio-C Sealer), or an epoxy resin (AH Plus), using the single cone technique (n = 12). Retreatment was performed using ProDesign Logic (PDL) RT and PDL 35/.05. The specimens were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 12), and the sealers were distributed similarly. A supplementary protocol was performed with PDL 50/.01 or XP-endo Finisher. Root canal transportation and volume, in addition to the remaining filling material percentage were evaluated using high-resolution (5 µm voxel size) micro-CT. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests (α = 0.05). Root canals filled with AH Plus presented high residual filling material (p < 0.05). Both protocols decreased residual volume of filling material in the apical third (p < 0.05). PDL 50/.01 increased the apical root canal volume (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between the systems regarding canal transportation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus is more difficult to remove from the apical third than Bio-C Sealer. PDL 50/.01 and XP-endo Finisher enabled greater removal of filling materials in the apical third, in the retreatment of curved root canals, without promoting apical transport. sealerbased based 2508 25 08 25/.08 BioC Bio C Sealer, Sealer , Sealer) Plus, Plus) n 12. 12 . 12) (PDL 3505 35 05 35/.05 12, similarly 5001 50 01 50/.0 XPendo XP endo highresolution resolution 5 ( size microCT. microCT micro CT. CT micro-CT ttests t tests α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p conclusion transport 250 2 25/.0 1 350 3 35/.0 500 50/. 00 0.0 25/. 35/. 50/ 0. 25/ 35/

ABSTRACT. The evaluation of the carcass composition of livestock generates relevant information on the quality and final yield of the meat products. The objective of this work was to evaluate correlations the ultrasound measurements in vivo of the Longissimus lumborum with the physical-chemical components of one-year-old Santa Ines sheep bred in extensive systems. The ultrasound evaluation was performed of the rib eye area (USrea), loin depth (USld), loin width (USlw) and subcutaneous fat thickness (USsft). After slaughter, meat cuts were weighed and carcass yield was calculated. The 12th rib on the left side was separated from the carcass and dissected, after which individual bones, muscles and fat were separated and weighed. The components were regrouped, ground and collected for centesimal evaluation. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the ultrasound measurements and meat metrics, except for the loin length, which had low correlation. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between muscles and the measurements of USld, USrea and USsft. The correlations (p < 0.05) between the bones and USld and USrea were negative and significant. USsft presented correlation (p < 0.05) with carcass yield. Thus, the ultrasound measurements associated with the Longissimus lumborum could constitute a valuable tool for evaluating the physical-chemical components and carcass of one-year-old Santa Inês sheep created in extensive systems. ABSTRACT products physicalchemical physical chemical oneyearold one year old systems USrea, , (USrea) (USld) USlw (USlw . (USsft) slaughter calculated th dissected regrouped p 0.05 005 0 05 metrics length significant Thus (USrea (USld (USsft 0.0 00 0.

Abstract B. palustris Heering (Asteraceae), has been previously characterized as having an unusual essential oil composition with C9-/C10-polyacetylenes as main components, and mono- and sesqui-terpenes/terpenoids at minor or trace levels. In this work, new insights into the chemical composition of this oil are presented: 1. TLC profiles using different visualization reagents for their characterization, 2. chemical analyses combining HRGC/qMS, HRGC/HRMS-TOF and HRGCxHRGC/HRMS-TOF, and 3. radical scavenging activity assay using the DPPH methodology were performed. The best TLC visualization conditions for the polyacetylenic components of the oil were obtaining using UVλ= 365 nm and vanillin/H3PO4, while the original application of NaDi (1-naphtol + N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine) demonstrated to be the best option to visualize the lachnophyllum acid methyl esters fraction. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry protocols allowed the detection of 63 components in B. palustris oil: 39 of them were identified, 6 tentatively assigned without LRI information, and 18 could not be identified. Most of the identified components were mono- and sesquiterpenes and their derivatives. Ten of them are informed for the first time in B. palustris oil [α-pinene epoxide, rosefuran, epi-cubebol, cubebol, germacrene D-4-ol, junenol, epi-α-cadinol, epi-α-muurolol, germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1-β-ol and oplopanone]. C9-/C10-polyacetylenes (baccharisdyine/lachnophyllum acid derivatives) were confirmed as the main components of the oil, while other polyacetylenes were tentatively identified and their possible structures are discussed. The deconvolution analyses on HRGCxHRGC/HRMS-TOF allowed the identification of a lachnophyllum lactone isomer (undefined stereochemistry), co-eluting with the (cis)-lachnophyllum acid methyl ester peak. Finally, B. palustris oil was found to be an inactive DPPH radical scavenger. B Asteraceae, Asteraceae , (Asteraceae) C9/C10polyacetylenes C9C10polyacetylenes CCpolyacetylenes C9 /C10 C10 C mono sesquiterpenes/terpenoids sesquiterpenesterpenoids sesqui terpenes/terpenoids terpenes terpenoids levels work presented 1 characterization 2 HRGCqMS HRGC qMS HRGC/qMS HRGC/HRMSTOF HRGCHRMSTOF HRGC/HRMS TOF HRMS HRGCxHRGC/HRMSTOF, HRGCxHRGCHRMSTOF HRGCxHRGC/HRMS TOF, HRGCxHRGC 3 performed UVλ 36 vanillinH3PO4 vanillinHPO vanillin H3PO4 H PO vanillin/H3PO4 1naphtol naphtol N,Ndimethylpphenylendiamine NNdimethylpphenylendiamine N,N dimethyl p phenylendiamine N N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine fraction chromatographymass chromatography mass information derivatives αpinene α pinene epoxide rosefuran epicubebol, epicubebol epi cubebol epi-cubebol D4ol, D4ol Dol D 4 ol, ol D-4-ol junenol epiαcadinol, epiαcadinol cadinol, cadinol epi-α-cadinol epiαmuurolol, epiαmuurolol muurolol, muurolol epi-α-muurolol germacra415,5,1014trien1βol germacra41551014trien1βol germacratrienβol germacra 15 ,5,10 14 trien β 5 10 oplopanone. oplopanone . oplopanone] baccharisdyine/lachnophyllum baccharisdyinelachnophyllum baccharisdyine discussed HRGCxHRGC/HRMSTOF undefined stereochemistry, stereochemistry stereochemistry) coeluting co eluting cislachnophyllum cis peak Finally scavenger (Asteraceae C10polyacetylenes /C1 C1 terpenesterpenoids HRMSTOF HRGCHRMS HRGCxHRGCHRMS vanillinH vanillinH3PO HPO H3PO vanillin/H3PO Ndimethylpphenylendiamine NN germacra415 1014trien1βol βol 510 ,5,1 Cpolyacetylenes /C germacra41 trienβol 51 ,5, germacra4 ,5

RESUMEN La migraña es uno de los trastornos neurológicos más frecuentes, con una prevalencia y una morbilidad elevadas. Está asociada a varios factores de riesgo, tanto biológicos como psicológicos, desencadenantes y comorbilidades. Este fue un estudio descriptivo, de asociación cruzada, no probabilístico, de casos consecutivos. Los participantes fueron reclutados a través de una encuesta en línea en octubre de 2022. Se midieron variables demográficas, datos del estado de salud y hábitos. Se realizó tamizaje de migraña a través del cuestionario ALCOI-95 y tamizaje de adicción a Internet a través de la subescala de adicción a Internet del Cuestionario MULTICAGE CAD-4. Se encuestó a 846 sujetos, de los cuales el 70,9 % eran mujeres y la media de edad fue de 28,62 años. El 14,5 % cumplía con criterios diagnósticos de migraña (5,2 % migraña con aura y 9,3 % migraña sin aura). El 63,8 % cumplía con criterios de tamizaje para adicción a Internet. Se encontró asociación entre el sexo femenino y migraña (p<0,001). En cuanto al estado de salud, el 21,39 % tenía diagnóstico de ansiedad, el 8,98 % de depresión, el 7,92 % de hipertensión arterial y el 2,36 % tenía diabetes mellitus. Se encontró asociación entre presentar depresión o ansiedad y migraña (p<0,001). Podemos concluir que la frecuencia de migraña es de más del 14 % en población general paraguaya, afecta principalmente a personas de alrededor de 30 años de edad y está asociada significativamente al hecho de ser mujer y de tener un trastorno mental.

ABSTRACT Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders, with high prevalence and morbidity. It is associated with several biological and psychological risk factors, triggers, and co-morbidities. This was a cross-association, non-probabilistic, consecutive-case, descriptive study. The participants were recruited through an online survey conducted in October 2022. Demographic variables, health status data, and health habits were also measured. Migraine screening was performed using the ALCOI-95 questionnaire, and Internet addiction screening was performed using the Internet addiction subscale of the MULTICAGE CAD-4 Questionnaire. A total of 846 participants were surveyed, 70.9% of them were women and the mean age was 28.62 years. A total of 14.5 % of the participants met the diagnostic criteria for migraine (5.2 % migraine with aura and 9.3 % migraine without aura). A total of 63.8% of participants met the screening criteria for Internet addiction. An association was found between female sex and migraine (p<0.001). Regarding health status, 21.39% of the participants were diagnosed with anxiety, 8.98% with depression, 7.92% with arterial hypertension, and 2.36% with diabetes mellitus. An association was found between depression, anxiety, and migraine (p<0.001). We can conclude that the frequency of migraine is more than 14% in the general Paraguayan population, affects mainly people around 30 years of age, and is significantly associated with being a woman and having a mental disorder.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objective on this investigation was to create for Cuba the mineragenic maps on 1:250000 scale for weathering regolites and the geotectonic structures; also an universal nomenclature for the weathering rocks, the whole country being investigated in 2015-2019 according to project I+D "Mapa Mineragénico de Cuba" Phase I (Code 613490) and Phase II (Code 613740) of the Program of Science, Technology and Innovation of National Interest: Integral characterization of the Geology of Cuba, whose results compose this proposal. Methods: Beginning with the bibliographical search in retrospect up to 1807, continued by geologic, geophysical works, lithologic, petrographic, mineralogical and chemical-analytic for Fe, Ni, Co, Si, Al, Mg, Cr, Mn, Ti, Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sr, Li, Sn, V, Ca, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; 130 mineralogical DRX; 3768 km of itineraries, the taking and documentation of 744 samples and 523 spectrometric measurements of U, Th, K with the spectrometer RS-230 BGO Super-Spec. Results: Two mineragenic maps: that of the weathering and the general one of IRM on scale 1:250000 of Cuba, and universal nomenclature for classification and systematic of the weathering rocks. The geotectonic scenarios and types of weathering regolites were typified and categorized according to their productivity and potentiality in mineral resources (IRM and metal-bearing), as well as litho-tectonic and mineragenic cartographies on scale 1:250000 of Cuba based on the Global Tectonic, results demanded for the Geologic Service of Cuba and useful for diverse objectives and branches of the Economy, Teaching and the Scientific Investigation in the country.

RESUMEN Introducción: El objetivo de la investigación fue resolver para Cuba los mapas mineragénicos a escala 1:250000 de las regolitas de meteorización y de las estructuras geotectónicas, así como un nomenclador universal de las rocas de la meteorización, investigándose todo el país en 2015-2019 según proyecto I+D “Mapa Mineragénico de Cuba”. Fase I (Código 613490) y Fase II (Código 613740) del Programa de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Interés Nacional: Caracterización Integral de la Geología de Cuba, cuyos resultados componen esta propuesta. Métodos: Se comenzó por la búsqueda bibliográfica con retrospectiva hasta 1807, seguida por trabajos geológicos, geofísicos, litológicos, petrográficos, mineralógicos y químico-analíticos para Fe, Ni, Co, Si, Al, Mg, Cr, Mn, Ti, Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sr, Li, Sn, V, Ca, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; 130 DRX mineralógicas; 3768 km de itinerarios, toma y documentación de 744 muestras y 523 mediciones espectrométricas de U, Th, K con el espectrómetro RS-230 BGO Super-Spec. Resultados: Dos mapas mineragénicos: de la meteorización y general de RMI a escala 1:250000 de Cuba, y un nomenclador universal para clasificación y sistemática de rocas de la meteorización. Se tipificaron y categorizaron los escenarios geotectónicos y tipos de regolitas de meteorización por su productividad y potencialidad en recursos minerales (RMI y metalíferos), aportando cartografías tectónico-litológicas y mineragénicas a escala 1:250000 de Cuba basado en tectónica global, resultados demandados por el Servicio Geológico de Cuba y útiles para diversos objetivos y ramas de la Economía, la Docencia y la Investigación Científica del país.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la frecuencia de eventos adversos de la vacunación contra el COVID-19 en pacientes con LES que son atendidos en centros médicos de referencia en Paraguay. Este es un estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo. Se incluyeron 52 pacientes con LES que recibieron al menos una dosis de la vacuna anticovid. De los cuales el 100% recibieron la primera dosis, el 92,3% la segunda dosis y el 15,38% la tercera dosis; el 44,6% recibió Sputnik-V; 16% Moderna; 12,5% Pfizer, 7,1% AstraZeneca, 3,6% Covaxin y 2,1% Hayat Vax, 8 pacientes recibieron su tercera dosis correspondiente a 3 de Pfizer, 3 de Moderna, 2 de AstraZeneca. En las 108 dosis aplicadas se registraron un total de 43 evento advserso, el 95,3% dentro de los primeros 5 días y el resto a los 5 días. El 51,2% presentó el evento advserso tras la primera dosis, el 39,5% tras la segunda dosis y el 9,3% tras la tercera dosis. La duración media de los síntomas fue de 2,3 días ±1,4. El efecto adverso más importante fue el dolor en el sitio de inyección, seguido de fiebre y fatiga. La exacerbación del LES también se registró como evento advserso en el 8,3%. Se registraron efectos adversos leves, se concluye que vacunación contra COVID-19 es segura para pacientes con LES.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with SLE who are attended at referral medical centers in Paraguay. This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Fifty-two patients with SLE who received at least one dose of anticovid vaccine were included. Of which 100% received the first dose, 92.3% the second dose and 15.38% the third dose; 44.6% received SputnikV; 16% Moderna; 12.5% Pfizer, 7.1% AstraZeneca, 3.6% Covaxin and 2.1% Hayat Vax, 8 patients received their third dose corresponding to 3 from Pfizer, 3 from Moderna, 2 from AstraZeneca. In the 108 doses applied, a total of 43 adverse events were recorded, 95.3% within the first 5 days and the rest at 5 days. A total of 51.2% presented the adverse event after the first dose, 39.5% after the second dose and 9.3% after the third dose. The mean duration of symptoms was 2.3 days ±1.4. The most important adverse effect was pain at the injection site, followed by fever and fatigue. Exacerbation of SLE was also recorded as an adverse event in 8.3%. Mild adverse effects were recorded, it is concluded that vaccination against covid 19 is safe for patients with SLE.

Abstract The advance of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has forced the Latin America and the Caribbean countries to close the door of educational institutions at the preschool, elementary and Junior High School levels. In Mexico, public and private universities were also closed. For this reason, it is important to carry out a diagnosis of the impact of confinement and social distancing measures. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of COVID-19 on the academic performance and emotional health of the student population of the School of Natural Sciences (ESCN) from the Autonomous Guerrero State University, within the context of the transition from face-to-face education to an online educational model. The study was conducted on a sample of 88 students by applying an online survey. The results of the study show that 53.4% of the respondents have a comfortable space to attend their online classes, but only 25% have a sufficiently pleasant environment to achieve the concentration necessary for effective learning, 52.3% have the materials necessary to carry out their activities, 26.1% have contact with the teacher and 56.8% only have contact with a classmate to answer questions about the course, 43.2% have a digital device with poor connectivity, 27.3% have a good connectivity, and 3.4% do not have a computer nor internet access, 23.9% have no adequate space to carry out their activities, 15.9% has not enough training on digital skills and 14.8% do not have a computer, which reflects an unpromising scenario since, 28.4% of all those surveyed have little contact with the teacher almost always and 10.2% almost never. According to these results, it is concluded that the factors that put the continuity of education at risk are: The lack of a computer, limited access to the Internet, limited interactivity by teachers with students and the performance of extracurricular activities to support the family economy, which highlights the technological gap between the different geographic regions.

Resumen El avance de la covid-19, ocasionada por el virus Sars-CoV-2, obligó a los países de América Latina y el Caribe a cerrar la puerta de las instituciones educativas en los niveles de preescolar, primaria y secundaria. En México, se cerraron también las universidades públicas y privadas; por esta razón, es importante hacer un diagnóstico del impacto de las medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento social. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la covid-19 en el desempeño académico y en la salud emocional de la población estudiantil de la Escuela de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, en el contexto de la transición de la educación presencial a un modelo de educación en línea. Los resultados del estudio muestran que 53.4 % de los encuestados disponen de un espacio cómodo para atender sus clases en línea, pero solo 25 % cuenta con un ambiente suficientemente agradable para lograr la concentración necesaria para un aprendizaje efectivo, 52.3 % cuenta con los materiales necesarios para la realización de sus actividades, 26.1 % tiene contacto con el profesor y 56.8 % solo tiene contacto con algún compañero de grupo para resolver las dudas del curso, Asimismo, 43.2 % tiene un dispositivo digital con mala conectividad, 27.3 % con una buena conexión, y 3.4 % no tiene computadora ni conexión a internet; igualmente, 23.9 % carece de un espacio adecuado para realizar sus actividades, 15.9 % no está capacitado en materia de competencias digitales y 14.8 % no tiene computadora, lo que refleja un escenario poco promisorio, puesto que 28.4 % de los encuestados tienen poco contacto con el profesor y 10.2 % casi nunca. De acuerdo con estos resultados, se concluye que los factores que ponen en riesgo la continuidad de la educación son la carencia de una computadora, el acceso limitado a internet, la limitada interactividad por parte de los profesores con los alumnos y el desempeño de actividades extracurriculares prioritarias para apoyar la economía familiar, lo cual pone de relieve la brecha tecnológica entre las diferentes regiones geográficas.

Resumo O avanço da covid-19, causado pelo vírus Sars-CoV-2, obrigou os países da América Latina e do Caribe a fechar as portas das instituições de ensino nos níveis pré-escolar, primário e secundário. No México, as universidades públicas e privadas também foram fechadas; Por esse motivo, é importante diagnosticar o impacto das medidas de confinamento e distanciamento social. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da covid-19 no desempenho acadêmico e na saúde emocional da população estudantil da Faculdade de Ciências Naturais da Universidade Autônoma de Guerrero, no contexto da transição do presencial educação. a um modelo de educação online. Os resultados do estudo mostram que 53,4% dos entrevistados possuem um espaço confortável para assistir suas aulas online, mas apenas 25% possuem um ambiente agradável o suficiente para atingir a concentração necessária para um aprendizado eficaz, 52,3% possuem os materiais necessários para carregar fora de suas atividades, 26,1% têm contato com o professor e 56,8% só têm contato com um colega para tirar dúvidas sobre o curso. Da mesma forma, 43,2% possuem dispositivo digital com conectividade ruim, 27,3% com boa conexão. não possuir computador ou conexão com a internet; Da mesma forma, 23,9% carecem de espaço adequado para realizar suas atividades, 15,9% não são formados em habilidades digitais e 14,8% não possuem computador, o que reflete um cenário pouco promissor, pois 28,4% dos entrevistados têm pouco contato com o professor e 10,2% quase nunca. De acordo com esses resultados, conclui-se que os fatores que colocam em risco a continuidade do ensino são a falta de computador, acesso limitado à Internet, interatividade limitada dos professores com os alunos e a realização de atividades extracurriculares. economia familiar, o que evidencia o fosso tecnológico entre as diferentes regiões geográficas.

ABSTRACT This work was carried out in Antioquia, Colombia, in a collection of the Furcraea and Agave genera, important in the country for manufacturing strings, sacks, geotextiles, and handicrafts Currently, to enhance its use, applications have been developed in textiles, biodegradable materials and thermo-acoustic insulation, among others. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypically and agronomically 94 accessions. The variables were weighted according to the degree of discrimination; a dissimilarity dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA based on Gower's distance, and the cophenetic correlation coefficient was determined. Six groups were identified; on the one hand, the accessions of the Agave genus formed groups A and B, with and without spines, respectively, showing the highest elongation values. On the other hand, the Furcraea accessions formed groups C to F, with the highest average values of fiber per plant, allowing a first approach to identify promising clones for their use per se or utilized in plant breeding programs. This study represents an approach to knowing the morphological and agronomic variability of the collection and highlights the importance of maintaining the germplasm bank for ex situ conservation.

Resumo Neste estudo, a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de Xenophyllum poposum sobre microrganismos orais como Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Candida albicans e Veillonella sp. Foi utilizado o método de difusão radial em ágar e etanol 0,12% e clorexidina (Plac out NF®) como controles de inibição negativa e positiva, respectivamente. Os extratos com maior atividade antimicrobiana foram os extratos etanólico e clorofórmio. A diferença entre os dois não foi estatisticamente significativa (p≥0,05). Não foi observada diferença significativa em relação à clorexidina 0,12%, exceto em Veillonella sp., uma vez que o extrato etanólico apresentou halos de inibição significativamente menores neste microrganismo. Isso é importante, pois a Veillonella é considerada um indicador de saúde em relação à cárie dentária. Com base nisso, o extrato etanólico de Xenophyllum poposum pode ser utilizado como controle químico do biofilme dental.

Resumen En este estudio se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de extractos de Xenophyllum poposum sobre microorganismos bucales como Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Candida albicans y Veillonella sp. Se empleó el método de difusión radial en agar y como controles negativo y positivo de inhibición se emplearon etanol y clorhexidina al 0,12% (Plac out NF®) respectivamente. Los extractos con mayor actividad antimicrobiana fueron el etanólico y el clorofórmico. La diferencia entre ambos no fue estadísticamente significativa (p≥0,05). Tampoco se observó diferencia significativa con respecto a la clorhexidina, excepto sobre Veillonella sp., ya que el extracto etanólico presentó halos de inhibición significativamente menores sobre este microorganismo. Esto es importante ya que Veillonella se considera indicador de salud en relación a la caries dental. En base a esto, el extracto etanólico de Xenophyllum poposum podría ser usado como control químico de la biopelícula dental.

Abstract In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Xenophyllum poposum extracts on oral microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Candida albicans, Veillonella sp. was evaluated. The radial diffusion method in agar was used and 0.12% ethanol and chlorhexidine (Plac out NF®) were used as negative and positive inhibition controls, respectively. The extracts with the highest antimicrobial activity were the ethanolic and chloroform extracts. The difference between the two was not statistically significant (p≥0.05). No significant difference was observed with respect to chlorhexidine, except on Veillonella sp., since the ethanolic extract presented significantly lower inhibition halos on this microorganism. This is important as Veillonella is considered an indicator of health in relation to dental caries. Based on this, the ethanolic extract of Xenophyllum poposum could be used as chemical control of dental biofilm.

Abstract Fridericia caudigera and Cuspidaria convoluta (Bignoniaceae) species, which grow in the northwest of Argentina, have shown antibacterial effect against strains isolated from skin infections, and each one displayed synergism with commercial antibiotics. The aims of this work were to evaluate the antibacterial activity and toxicity of the combination of these two plant species, and to design a stable gel for topical use including the blend of extracts. The combination of extracts was evaluated for synergistic effects (chequerboard assay), genotoxicity (Ames test) and cytotoxicity (Artemia salina test). A gel was subsequently formulated with the combination of extracts using carboxymethylcellulose as a polymer. The following physico- chemical characteristics of the gel formulation: pH, viscosity, spreadability and total phenol content, as well as resistance to severe temperature changes, biological activity (diffusion in agar), in vitro permeation (Franz cells) and primary dermal irritation (Draize test) were analyzed. The combination of extracts showed a synergistic effect on pathogenic bacteria and was not toxic in the in vitro tests. The gel was stable and retained the antimicrobial activity of the original extracts. The formulation proposed in this work could constitute an alternative for primary skin infections since it proved to be safe for topical administration. Bignoniaceae (Bignoniaceae species Argentina antibiotics chequerboard assay, assay , assay) Ames test Artemia test. . polymer physico pH viscosity content changes diffusion agar, agar agar) Franz cells Draize analyzed tests administration

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are responsible for acute illnesses and deaths in humans. Cattle and humans are exposed to STEC through faeces and contaminated food and water. The big six and O157 STEC serogroups are important food and water-borne human pathogens. Additionally, Stx1a, Stx2a and Stx2c subtypes are highly associated with the haemolytic uremic syndrome. This study aimed to determine Shiga toxin-subtypes, the presence of antigen 43 families, the genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, O-serogrouping, phylotypes and phylogenetic relatedness of STEC of calf origin. Sixteen STEC isolates from calf origin were analysed. PCR was performed to determine Stx subtypes, serogroups, the presence of ag43 I and II and phylotypes. The antimicrobial profile was evaluated and the presence of PMQR and fosfomycin genes was determined by PCR. The clonal relatedness of STEC was studied by PFGE. The genotypes stx1a+c, stx1a+, stx1a+/stx2e+, stx1a+c/stx2e and stx2a were detected. Ag43 II was the most prevalent among subfamilies. STEC isolates were serotyped as O103 (n=5) and O111 (n=6). Fifty per cent of the isolates were classified as B1 phylogroup, 4/16 as E, 1/16 as C, and 1/16 as F. Non-O157 STEC isolates showed a high level of diversity, independent of the geographical and farm-origin. Isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and fosfomycin-trometamol. The gene fosA7 was detected in 1 isolate. The virulence profiles, including Shiga toxin-subtypes and serogroups, denote the potential harm of non-O157 STEC isolates to humans. We also confirmed that circulating non-O157 STEC from cattle present genetic heterogeneity and are susceptible to antibiotics.

Abstrato Introdução: A atresia duodenal é uma malformação congênita onde uma anormalida de anatômicaou funcional causa a falha do trânsito intestinal normal. O tratamento de escolha é o reparo cirúrgico, que visa restaurar a continuidade intestinal. Os recém-nascidos submetidos a esse tipo de procedimento a presentam alta morbidade associada a complicações cirúrgicas, sepse e deiscência da ferida cirúrgica. Objetivo: Implementar o processo de enfermagem mediante o uso das Taxonomias NANDA, NOC, NIC e GPC que contribua a o manejo do recém-nascido com atraso narecuperação cirúrgica por atresia duodenal. Metodologia: Foi abordada por meio de umestudo de caso no qual o processo de enfermagemfoi aplicado, á avaliaçãofoi realizada pelos padrõesfuncionais de saúde de Marjory Gordon, foram priorizados os padrões alterados e foram identificadas ás etiquetas de diagnóstico. Apresentação do caso: Neonato de 22 dias de vida extra-uterina, nesceu de 38.5 SDG de um hospital público, pós-operatória de plastia intestinal, tinhauma ferida cirúrgicadeiscente e infetada. Apresentousinais de dor aguda e complicaçõesnamotilidade gastrointestinal como a distensão abdominal e resíduo gástrico. Os resultados do diagnóstico auxiliar mostraram trombocitopenia e aumento da proteína C reativa. Conclusão: A hierarquia dos padrõesfuncionaisafetados, permitiu realizar á execução de um plano de cuidados e atender àsrespostas humanas que o neonato apresentou, através de intervençõesbaseadas em evidências científicas.

Abstract Introduction: Duodenal atresia is a congenital malformation where a functional or anatomic abnormality causes normal intestinal motility’s disorders. The definitive treatment includes a surgical repair, whose main goal is to recover the intestinal continuity. Neonates treated with this kind of procedures have a high morbidity associated to surgical complications, sepsis, and dehiscence of surgical wound. Objective: Implement the nursing process by using the NANDA, NOC, NIC, and GPC taxonomies in order to contribute to the management of the newborn with delayed surgical recovery from duodenal atresia. Methodology: It was addressed through a case study in which the stages of the nursing process were implemented; the assessment was done by patterns functional health of Marjory Gordon, the altered patterns were prioritized and diagnosis labels were identified. Case presentation: 22-day old neonate extrauterine, was born from 38.5 SDG in a public hospital, post operated on intestinal plasty; the neonate had a dehiscent and infected surgical wound. The neonate showed signs of acute pain and gastrointestinal motility complications such as bloating and gastric residue. Auxiliary diagnosis results showed thrombocytopenia and increased C reactive protein. Conclusion: The hierarchical organization of the affected functional patterns allowed executing a care plan and taking care of the needs of the neonate, all of that through interventions sustained on scientific evidence.

Resumen Introducción: La atresia duodenal, es una malformación congénita donde una anormalidad anatómica o funcional ocasiona la falla del tránsito intestinal normal. El tratamiento de elección es la reparación quirúrgica, que tiene como objetivo restablecer la continuidad intestinal. Los neonatos sometidos a este tipo de procedimientos tienen alta morbilidad asociada a complicaciones quirúrgicas, sepsis y dehiscencia de herida quirúrgica. Objetivo: Implementar el proceso enfermero mediante el uso de las Taxonomías NANDA, NOC, NIC y GPC para contribuir al manejo del neonato con retraso en la recuperación quirúrgica por atresia duodenal. Metodología: Se abordó a través de un estudio de caso en el que se implementaron las etapas del proceso enfermero, la valoración se realizó por patrones funcionales de salud de Marjory Gordon, se priorizaron los patrones alterados e identificaron etiquetas diagnósticas. Presentación del caso: Neonato de 22 días de vida extrauterina, nació de 38.5 SDG de un hospital público, post-operada de plastia intestinal, tenía una herida quirúrgica dehiscente e infectada. Presentó signos de dolor agudo y complicaciones en la motilidad gastrointestinal como distención abdominal y residuo gástrico. Los resultados auxiliares de diagnóstico mostraron trombocitopenia y aumento de la proteína C reactiva. Conclusión: La jerarquización de los patrones funcionales afectados, permitió realizar la ejecución de un plan de cuidados y atender las respuestas humanas que el neonato presentó, a través de intervenciones sustentadas en evidencia científica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: AmpC β-lactamases are enzymes with hydrolytic activity. They may be either constitutive or inducible. No standardized method is available for their phenotypical determination by international standards. Their detection by molecular biology could be a useful alternative for the surveillance and control of the spread of clones circulating in hospital environments. Objective: Determine the resistance phenotype and genes expressed in the production of AmpC β-lactamases in Gram-negative bacilli from clinical isolates in a hospital. Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A total 78 bacterial strains were selected as carriers of AmpC β-lactamases. Disc approximation tests were performed. The strains testing positive were selected for DNA extraction and multiplex PCR for detection of six AmpC gene families. Determination was made of the frequency per sample type, service and comparison with the susceptibility profile. Results: Of the strains selected with AmpC phenotype, 57.6% (45/78) were considered to be AmpC β-lactamase confirmed cases, due to their positive confirmatory test. The molecular technique used confirmed the presence of AmpC genes in 40% (18/45) of the cases. The gene most commonly obtained was MIR n= 9 (20%), followed by DHA n= 7 (15%). Conclusions: Timely detection of genes encoding for AmpC β-lactamases makes it possible to set up strategies to prevent plasmid-mediated circulation in hospitals, as well as apply better therapeutic options that do not induce other resistance mechanisms.

RESUMEN Introdución: Las β-lactamasas AmpC son enzimas con capacidad hidrolítica, pueden ser de tipo constitutivo o inducible. No existe un método estandarizado para su determinación fenotípica por normas internacionales; la detección de estas mediante el uso de la biología molecular podría ser una alternativa útil para vigilancia y control de la diseminación de clones circulantes en el entorno hospitalario. Objetivo: Determinar el fenotipo de resistencia y genes expresados en la producción de β-lactamasas AmpC en bacilos gramnegativos de aislados clínicos en un centro hospitalario. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron 78 cepas bacterianas como portadoras de β- lactamasas AmpC. Se les realizó prueba de aproximación de disco; a las cepas con resultado positivo se seleccionaron para extracción de ADN y PCR multiplex para detección de 6 familias genes AmpC. Se determinó la frecuencia por tipo de muestra, servicio y comparación con el perfil de susceptibilidad. Resultados: De las cepas seleccionadas con fenotipo AmpC, el 57,6 % (45/78) se consideró caso confirmado β-lactamasas AmpC por su positividad para la prueba confirmatoria. La técnica molecular utilizada confirmó en el 40 % (18/45) la presencia de genes AmpC. Se obtuvo con mayor frecuencia el gen MIR n= 9 (20 %), seguido de DHA n= 7 (15 %). Conclusiones: La detección oportuna de genes que codifican para β-lactamasas AmpC permite establecer estrategias para evitar la circulación mediada por plásmidos en hospitales, así como utilizar mejores opciones terapéuticas que no induzcan a otros mecanismos de resistencia.